1、英语专业八级翻译应试技巧与策略1.评分标准n内容(忠实)+语言(适贴)n优秀(6-7/3)n良好(5-6/2)n合格(4-5/1)n不和格(2-3/0)n极差(0-1/0)n简言之:忠实(内容的完整)n 语言(句法关系和词汇)n2.八级考试翻译应试策略n2.1 把握时间：保证量的前提下追求质nE-C:多理解/少表达nC-E:少理解/多表达n2.2 书写工整:不大不小/清楚易认/少或不涂改试卷,尽量少插入n2.3 合理应对难易点n 难点：死难点如词汇、不懂的句子结构等尽量避之，不要硬译。活难点如英汉差异较大的典型句式或表达方式可适当多花些时间，这些往往是得分点。n 易点：不要话费太多时间，译文适
2、可而止，不必追求完美，越容易，成为得分点的机会越小。nEg.But his cousin looks around bewildered.All she sees is a forest.n但是他表妹环顾四周,颇感茫然,因为她所看到的不过是森林一片.n2.4 熟词熟语策略nE-C:(生僻/大词/古语/过多成语)弄巧成拙nC-E尚未掌握的词汇/表达方式/短语n2.5 避免低级错误n尤其开篇和结尾(拼写/标点/大小写/词类使用/基本语法/句子破碎)n2.6 关键词策略n找准关键词,以此组织框架n2.7 直译意译策略n 英译汉时可适当多些直译，因为把地道的英文转换为纯正的汉语需要花费相当的时间。汉译
3、英时可适当多些意译，因为我们的英语能力不如汉语能力，必要时，还可以用解释的方法把意思表达明白。3.翻译考试中常见问题分析n3.1 汉译英常见问题n1）混淆词的具体含义和一般含义n例1 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家横行霸道nI were deeply loved by parents and so arrogant(aggressive)at home before I got illness.nBefore I was taken ill,I had been a spoiled child of my parents,getting things my way in the family.n
4、例2.在中国，眼下外语文凭的含金量较其它文凭的含金量高。nAt present,a foreign language diploma contains more gold than other diplomas in China.nAt present,a foreign language diploma is more valuable than other diplomas in China.n彼此之间情趣相投,脾气对味则合,则交nFriends can only preserve their harmonious relationship by sharing a common inte
5、rest and temper.nPeople develop a friendship out of common interest and similar temperamentnPeople who share the same interest and taste,who have the same value,come together and relate to one anothern待友不敬,有时或许只是一件小事nOffending friends may sometimes be something unworthy of mentioningnSometimes,treat
6、ing friends without respect may be a small matternTreating friends with disrespect may seemingly be a small mattern中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切nThe chinese has never thought of human beings as the highest creature among everything since ancient times,nChinese people have never thought of human beings as the h
7、ighest creature among all other things,nWe chinese have never thought of humans as being higher than all other things,n2)冠词滥用n例3.一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在院中设宴nOn(in)a spring eveningnOne spring eveningn例4.中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆。nThe China Museum of Science and Technology is precisely one of such museums.nThe Chinese
8、 Museum of Science and Technology(China Science and Technology Museum)is precisely one such museum.n生物工程是一种与传统意义截然不同的工程.nBioengineering is the engineering that is completely different from the conventional sense of the word.nBioengineering is an engineering completely different from the traditional
9、one.nBioengineering is one that differs completely from the traditional one.n一霎时,一阵被人摈弃为世所遗的悲愤陡上心头,nAt that moment,the feeling of being abandoned by the people and world was full of my head,nAll of a sudden,a feeling of grief and indignation of being deserted by the relations and being abandoned by
10、the whole world overwhelmed me,nAll of a sudden,a feeling of being deserted or abandoned overwhelmed me,n心不过是人的一个重要器官,而内心世界是一种景观.nHeart is only an important organ of man,while the inner world is a kind of view.nThe heart is an important organ,however,the inner world is a landscape.nHeart is no more
11、than an important organ of the body,but the heart is full of beautiful sights.n3)近义词滥用n例5.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。nIn interpersonal relationship,we do not need too much romanticism.nIn interpersonal relations,we should not be too romantic.nRelation:有方向性或单向性的，或有好坏强弱之分。如the relation between cause and effect
12、;to improve the relation between father and son.另外relation前常加形容词进行修饰。如public relation，poor relation，interpersonal relation，diplomatic relation etc。n不过，两国之间友好关系常为：the friendly relationship between two countries.改善英美之间的关系：to improve the relation between Britain and America.n因此,在他的实验室所招的学生中,除一名来自德国外,其余
13、五位均是亚裔学生.nHence,of all the students recruited into his laboratory,except for one German,the other five were all from Asia.nTherefore,of all the students he hired/selected for his laboratory work,five were of Asian origin,and one is from Germany.nAdmission office/officer招生办公室,招生人员n4)词类的混用n症状:汉语英语词类等同
14、,同一个意思要用同样的词类,把英汉两种语言的词性绝对等同n解决办法:提高抗干扰能力n扩大翻译单位,吃透义(meaning)和意(intention),不拘泥于原文形式.n中华民族多数是性情中正和平,淡泊,朴实,比西方人容易满足.nThe Chinese people are mostly unbiased,peaceful,unworldly and guileless,and they are easier to be satisfied than Westerners.nThe Chinese people are mostly mild,gentle,kind,honest and si
15、ncere;they seek neither fame nor wealth,and are thus easier to satisfy than westerners.n5）多余的翻译n例6.跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。nAt the transitional phase between the two centuries,in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question
16、to which we have to seek an answer.nHow young people at the turn of the century shall meet the hopeful new century is a question that we have to answer.n6)语篇衔接不当n例7.开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜。n As you start eating you are in hunger,and when you are in hunger chaff tastes sweet as honeynAs you start eat
17、ing you are in hunger,when chaff tastes sweet as honey.n3.2 英译汉常见问题分析n1）词汇问题n例1.in some societies the failure to bear children(or males)is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.n在某些社会里，不能生育（或不能生育男孩）会危机婚姻，是顺理成章的理由。n在某些社会里，没有生孩子或没有生男孩是婚姻的一大威胁，也是现成（或很便当的）离婚理由。n例2.To speak of American l
18、iterature,then,is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe.n那么，要谈论“美国”文学，并不是断言，它与欧洲文学大相径庭。n因而，说道（说起）美国文学，并不是就断言，它与欧洲文学大相径庭。n例3.If people mean anything at all by the expression“untimely death”n如果人们说“不及时的死”有什么用意的话，.n如果“早死”（早逝）这个说法还有什么涵义的话，n例3.there are odd overlappings and abrupt unfa
19、miliarities;kinship yields to a sudden alienation,as when we hail a person across the street,only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.n两国之间存在着古怪的重叠和令人颇感突兀的陌生感；亲缘关系让位于一种突如其来的疏远，仿佛就像我们隔着马路向另一个人打招呼，看到这人漠然表情的反应时才发现，我们原来竟将一个陌生人误认为是自己的友人。n两个国家，既有重叠，也有陌生，重叠使人感到
20、奇奇怪怪，陌生让人觉着突如其来：亲戚一下子变作陌生路人。犹如我们向马路对面的某个行人打招呼，结果出乎意料，那人表情漠然，原来，我们误把陌路当友人。n2）逻辑冲突问题nthe hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves,n树篱上到处开满了玫瑰花，从远到近看不到任何生物，唯有在郁郁葱葱的教堂院子里，有一群牛静静地在草丛的墓
21、地里歇息。n树篱之上，浓密的白玫瑰花儿静静张望，远近之间，没有任何活物，唯有那葱翠的教堂庭院内，有一群牛静静地卧息于墓地之上。n3）文化视角问题nCare kills the cat.忧虑伤身。应试技巧n顺译还是打乱译？nVice president George Busj is looking to President Ronald Reagan,a star attraction at todays opening of Republican national convention,to give some sparkle to his presidential campaign.n直译、
22、意译还是译述？n困难词语绕译n近代的上海，十里洋场nThe old Shanghai was full of foreign enterprisesn喻体转换n同位语翻译n灵活机动nDivorce is less culturally acceptable in a society that is family-oriented.例题讲解n 我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个
23、人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。n In fact everyone,I think,has a small garden and that is our inner world.Human intelligence needs to be developed,so does the inner world.What distinguishes man from animals,apart from the many well-known,also lies in the inner world.The
24、 heart is just an important organ,while the inner world is a landscape which gradually took shape under the continuous influence from the outside world on the heart.So great is the importance that everyone attaches to the physical condition of his own heart or those of his closest and dearest ones t
25、hat merely a minor disease would enduringly weigh on his mind.But not everyone is concerned with the condition of their or their loved ones inner world.nBut,as has been true in many other cases,when they were at last married,the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most pra
26、ctical.Instead of having shared their original duties,and as school-boys would say,going halves,they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled.This led to some distressing moments for both our friends;they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth,and
27、 had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations.Instead of being freer and happier than ever before,they had assumed new responsibilities;they had established a new household,and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it.They looked back with affection to their engagement;the
28、y had been longing to have each other to themselves,apart from the world,but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.n但是，正如在许多其他事情中一样，当他们最终结了婚，却发现自己最憧憬的生活早已被严峻的现实所替代。他们非但没能像学生们常挂在嘴边的“对半开”那样去分担各自的责任，反倒发现生活中的烦心事成倍地找上门来。这就使得我们那两位结了婚的朋友时不时地感到沮丧和不开心；他们突然觉得自己哪里是居住在
29、天堂，分明依旧生活在尘世，而且还成了新的清规戒律的奴隶。比起从前，他们不仅没有更自由、更幸福，反倒得肩负起新的责任；他们既然成立了一个新家，就必须在这方面承担起这个家的义务。回首订婚之时，他们心中充满了爱意；他们曾经如此可谓拥有彼此的两人世界而置周围的一切于不顾，然而，他们似乎从未这样深刻地体会到自己依然是这个现代社会的一份子。nI thought that it was a Sunday morning in May；that it was Easter Sunday，and as yet very early in the morningI was standing，as it seeme
30、d to me，at the door of mv own cottageRight before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation，but exalted,as was usual，and solemnised by the power of dreams There were the same mountains，and the same lovely valley at their feet；but the mountains were raised to more than
31、 Alpine height，and there was interspace far larger between them of savannahs and forest lawns；the hedges were rich with white roses；and no living creature was to be seen,excepting that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the verdant graves，and particularly round about
32、the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved，just as I had really seen them，a little before sunrise，in the same summer when that child died.我想那n是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷；不过群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相
33、距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间；树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。n朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交，反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬，这样，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的一片私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，有时或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是
34、往来有节，互不干涉.nFor the relationship between friends,similar habits and tempers help to make it closer;on the other hand,opposite ones leave distance from each other.No matter how familiar and intimate the friends are,the relationship should be treated carefully and respect should be treasured for friend
35、s.Otherwise,the partnership and balance would be broken,as a result,a good relationship would no longer exist.Everyone has a desire for his own personal space,which could be easily invaded if the attitude between friends is too free.Then conflicts appear,causing barriers.Although it seems a small ca
36、se of not respecting friends,harmful seeds may be sowed to ruin the relationship.In a word,the best way to keep positive friendship is associating with temperate manners and without too much interference.nChina is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum.Whenever
37、 guests visit,it is necessary to make and serve ta to them.Before serving tea,you may ask them for their preferences as to hat kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups.In the course of serving tea,the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining i
38、n the cups and in the kettle.nUsually,if the tea is made in a teacup,boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed;and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking.Snacks,sweets a
39、nd other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay ones hunger.n头天上午我们去湖边垂钓。我捻搓着盖在鱼饵罐上昔日的那种湿润苔藓，眼望着蜻蜓时而停歇在杆尖上，时而贴近水面低空盘旋。正是这蜻蜓的光临使我坚信世间万物永葆旧颜，岁月只不过是海市蜃楼般的幻像之物，了然无痕。n 将划艇停泊在湖边，我们就在艇上钓起鱼来。湖上涟漪依旧，轻轻摩挲着小艇。小艇还是旧模样，绿色的艇身，几根断梁仍在，舱板下面昔日那些残留废弃之物仍然可见：废弃的锈鱼钩、死去的虫饵、还有捕鱼留下的斑斑血迹。我们都静静地盯着杆尖，注视着那来回飞窜的蜻蜓，我试探性地，小心翼翼地把杆尖低垂至水中，希望能把它赶离我的鱼竿，可惜那只蜻蜓飞出两英尺外，在空中稍作停留，又飞回杆尖不远处休息。
