1、Lesson 143 A walk through the woodsNew words and expressions。1.surround v.包围包围be surrounded by.被什么包围被什么包围2.place v.放；放；n.地方地方3.count v.数，点数，点4.cover v.覆盖覆盖be covered with 被被覆盖覆盖5.throw v.扔，抛扔，抛 threw；thrown6.prosecute v.依法处置依法处置1.wood n.树林树林2.beauty spot 风景点风景点3.hundred 百百4.city 城市城市5.visitor 参观者，参观
2、者，游客游客6.litter 杂乱的东西杂乱的东西9.rubbish 垃圾垃圾8.piece 碎片碎片10.tyre 轮胎轮胎7.litter basket 废物筐废物筐”1.tidy adj.整齐的整齐的2.rusty adj.生锈的生锈的3.through prep.穿过穿过4.among prep.在在.之间之间课文讲解 I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.Be surrounded by 四周环绕着 我住在一个四周围绕着高楼的地方。I live in a place which is surr
3、ounded by tall buildings.我住在四周围绕着山的小村中。I live in a village which is surrounded by hills.It is a famous beauty spot.Beauty spot,风景点 Tourist attraction,游览胜地 别人告诉我青岛是个旅游胜地 I have been told that Qingdao is a good tourist attraction.On Sundays,hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to
4、walk through the woods.hundreds of 成百上千的 成百上千的战士在这场战争中牺牲。Hundreds of soldiers died in this war.across over through 的用法区别的用法区别across：横过，穿过横过，穿过，特指从一边到另一边，特指从一边到另一边e.g.1)The bus is coming across the bridge.2)Can you swim across the river?3)The child will go across the crossroads after the light turns
5、green.over:越过，翻越过去越过，翻越过去e.g.1）After they climbed over the hill they found many flowers in the fields.2)They cant climb over the mountain if they cant keep going.Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.Litter baskets have been placed under the trees,but people still throw their rub
6、bish everywhere.Last Wednesday,I went for a walk in the woods.Go for a walk 散步 What I saw made me very sad.句中的主语 What I saw 是 what 引导的名词性从句(主语从句)。那个小男孩所做的一切使他母亲十分惊讶。What the little boy did surprised his mother.你所做的使我愉快。What you do makes me happy.I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators.T
7、he little baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper,cigarette ends,old tyres,empty bottles and rusty tins.be covered with.被.覆盖 桌子上布满了灰尘。The desks are covered with dust.地上覆盖着雪。The ground was covered with snow.Among the rubbish,I found a sign which said,Anyone who leaves litte
8、r in these woods will be prosecuted!该晚会来者不拒。Anyone who comes to the party is welcome.任何违反交通规则的人都会被罚款。Anyone who breaks the traffic regulations will be fined.through:穿过穿过 特指从某空间穿特指从某空间穿过过e.g.1)The deer is going through the forest.2)The balloon is flying on and on through the clouds.3)Jack saw many st
9、udents playing in the playgroundthrough the window.Passive Voice被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的。当句子的主语是动作的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be表现出表现出来。来。1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made
10、(by them)in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词His brother washes bowls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are washed by his brother every day.改为被动语态 They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beilun.Peo
11、ple speak English as the first language in UK.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beilun.English is spoken as the first language in UK.2.They bought ten computers last term Ten computers
12、 were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词He looked after the little baby yesterday.主谓宾(受动者)The little baby was looked afterbyhim yesterday.They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this r
13、oom for resting.They planted many trees years ago.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.Many trees were planted by them years ago.3.They will finish the
14、work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will g
15、ive a talk this afternoon.The farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next spring.Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.Diffe
16、rent kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.4Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must t
17、urn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.5.Jim could do it yesterday.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.It could be done by Jim yesterday.被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带
18、上介词。e.g.The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.e.g.They look after the new students in the school.被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.They mak
19、e us do all the work.被动句：We are made to do all the work by them.e.g.We often hear her sing songs.被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us.e.g.I saw him walk to school.被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice)3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个
20、是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy e.g.He gives me a flower everyday.被动1 I am given a flower by him everyday.被动2 A flower is given to me by him everyday.e.g.My mother bought me a comp
21、uter.被动1 I was bought a computer by my mother.被动2 A computer was bought for me by my mother.练习：将下列句子变为被动句。1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully.2.The mother looked after the baby in the room.3.We took care of the things.4.They gave us some work.5.The boy made them laugh all the time.6.My mother b
22、uys me a bike.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meal
23、s a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told9.The foreign friends gave u
24、s some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished10.The teach
25、er asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medici
26、ne _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by them下列时态的被动语态构成下列时态的被动语态构成 Some workers are painting the room
27、s nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成
28、时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+being+doneHomework1.整理课堂笔记整理课堂笔记2.背诵课文背诵课文lesson1433.跟读录音朗读课文跟读录音朗读课文3遍遍
