1、Free talk:Have you ever experienced any natural disasters?volcano(火山火山)sandstorm(沙尘暴沙尘暴)Can you tell some kind of the natural disasters?drought(旱灾旱灾)tsunami(海啸海啸)Typhoon（台风）（台风）Fire(火灾）火灾）What can you see in this picture?Everything was destroyed(毁灭)The city became ruin(废墟)Earthquake of Tangshan in C
2、hina in 1976The cracks cut across the roads.The buildings fell down.Many things were destroyed,such as bridgerailwaybuildingsA great number of people died and the number of people losing their homes was large.What do you think may happen before an earthquake?Bright lights in the skyChickens are flyi
3、ng and dogs are barking,and Pigs and cows are too nervous to eat.Fish jump out the pond,and mice run wildly out of the fields.The well has deep cracks in it,and the water in it rises and falls.What shall we do if an earthquake happens?DiscussionDos Donts1.Be close to the outside wall.2.Stay on the b
4、alcony(阳台)3.Jump out of the tall building.4.Use the lift.1.Stay in a small room,such as kitchen or bathroom.2.Hide under the table or bed,if you havent time to escape,you may stand close to the inside wall with some things covering on the head.3.If you stay in the open air,keep off the tall building
5、,and go to the fields without trees.Discussion:Imagine there is an earthquake now,your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.You have time to take only one thing.What will you take?Why?personal washing thingsa bottle of water moneytorch(手电筒手电筒)mobile phonefood and sweets blanket(毯子毯子
6、)What will you take with you?medicineYou will take:Tang Shans new lookBrave City of ChinaWhile there is life,there is hope.只要人在，就有希望只要人在，就有希望What do you think of the earthquake in Wenchuan?I cant stand it.Because The earthquake happened in Wenchuan,Sichuan province.What do you think of the earthquak
7、e?I dont like it.Because What do you think of the Chinese people?信任信任以以为豪为豪control spraysmoke quantitydesolate rootthreaten centurysurrounding patchdestruction blackenflood grass-seedauthority1.How long did it take the firemen to get the fire under control?2.Had all the trees been burnt or not?3.Why
8、 were the surrounding villages of the hills threatened with destruction?4.What did the forest authority do after the fire had been put out?5.What had begun to appear in the blacked soil in place of the green trees?【New words and expressions】ncontrol n.控制nsmoke n.烟ndesolate adj.荒凉的nthreaten v.威胁nsurr
9、ounding adj.周围的ndestruction n.破坏，毁灭nflood n.洪水，水灾nauthority n.（usu pl.）当局ngrass-seed n.草籽nspray v.喷撒nquantity n.量nroot n.根ncentury n.世纪npatch n.小片nblacken v.变黑，发暗control n.控制nin control 在控制之内nunder control 在控制之下,被控制nout of control 失控ncontrol sth nI can control it.=I can manage it.我能对付(口语)nThe situat
10、ion is under control.nI can control the situation.smoke n.烟（雾）nfull of smoke 充满烟雾nsmoky adj.多烟的（名词加-y,变为形容词）nsmoking area 吸烟区；nonsmoking area 禁烟区nsmoker n.抽烟的人nheavy smoker 烟瘾重的人；nonsmoker 不抽烟的人 nsmoke v.吸烟nDont smoke!=No smoking!nHe smoked heavily.他烟瘾很大nsmoking apartment 火车上的吸烟车厢ncigarette=cigar n.
11、香烟desolate adj.荒凉的ndesolate adj.be devoid of inhabitantsn“streetswhichwereusuallysothrongednowgrowndesolate (DanielDefoe).n由岩石组成的、荒凉的月球表面n therocky,desolatesurfaceofthemoonnlonely adj.unfrequented by people,desolatenalonelycrossroads ndeserted:abandoned:uninhabitednadesertedsentrypostnadesertedislan
12、dthreaten v.威胁的n1.to express a threat against or give indications of taking hostile action against:nthreaten sb.with sth.以来威胁/恐吓某人nThe thief threatened him with a knife.n2.To give signs or warning of;portend:nThe black clouds threaten a storm.n3.threaten to do sth.威胁着要做（与人相连）；有迹象表明nHe threaten to ta
13、ke the tenant to court.nIt threatened to rain.有迹象表明天要下雨了。surrounding adj.周围的nsurroundings n.环境(在周边的事物)nThey lived amid beautiful surroundings.n natmosphere n.大气层,氛围(在周边的人文环境)nan atmosphere of peace and calm in the country nEnvironment 环境,周围状况,自然环境na happy environment at school.nSetting:the context a
14、nd environment in which a situation is set,the backgroundnRome is the perfect setting for romance.destruction n.破坏,毁灭ndestroy v.破坏ndestructive adj.毁灭性的nconstruct v.建设(为创造更好的条件)nconstruction n.建设,建筑nChina Construction Bank 建设银行nconstructive adj.建设性的(意见)nbuild v.建设(具体的建某物)flood n.洪水,水灾 v.大量涌出nflood=fl
15、oods 都对，都可以用，无区别n Peoplefloodedthesquare.nTheriverfloodsnearlyeveryspring.nFake products flooded(into)the market.na flood of peoplenA wave of happiness flooded me.authority n.当局(常用复数authorities)nauthority n.权威（单数）nHe began to assume airs of authority.n装出一副威风凛凛的样子n He is a noted authority on English
16、literature.n他是著名的英国文学权威。spray v.喷撒 n.喷雾，浪花nspray sth.over/on 往上喷洒n给花喷水nspray water over/on flowernspray grass-seed over/on the groundnhair sprayn发胶quantity n.（数）量nA large quantity of 大量的nquantities of 大量的nquality n.质量 nsth.with good quality 质量好的东西quantity 用法结论：n1.a quantity of 后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词。在它
17、们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词通常看of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。n1)如果是接不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式，n2)如果是接复数可数名词，则谓语通常要采用复数形式n n2quantities of后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词,后面的谓语都用复数形式。practicen 此外，还发现了大量的邮包。n1Besides,a large quantity of mail bags were found.n 喝了好多啤酒。n2.A large quantity of beer was consumed.n3.Quantities of fake certificat
18、es and official stamps were also seized.n查获大量假证和假公章root n.根nWhat is the root cause?根本原因是什么？nroot of 的根ntake root 生根ncome out 长出来 nshoot come out 发芽（bud;sprout;shoot 芽）nflower come out/blossom out 开花nbear fruit 结果nSynonym:source,derivation,origin,cause century 世纪，百年nAgenTimenEranPeriodndecadenmillenn
19、iumnWe waited as the clock ticked away the last few seconds of the old millennium.n我们静候着时钟滴答走过千年的最后几秒钟.patch n.小片，颜色和周围不同的部分npatch n.(平面上的)一片,补丁(本意)nWhat is that yellow patch on the wall?n 墙上那块黄斑是什么？na patch of 一小片；patches of 许多片nThere are patches of cloud in the sky.na piece of/a bit of/a sheet of/
20、a slice of 一片，一块blacken v.变黑，发暗nThe smoke has blacken the walls.n烟把墙熏黑了。n-en后缀表示动词，译为“使变得”nweak weaken v.使变弱，削弱nblacken,whiten,widen,shortennRedden,soften,harden,darken,nRipen deepen broaden,gladdennSadden,harden,flatten,brightennStrengthen,weaken,frighten,lengthennFasten,loosen,tighten,unfastennMoi
21、sten,straighten,youthen,heighten,nlighten,sweeten,steepen,sharpenndeaften,madden,dampen,deaden【课文讲解课文讲解】1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.nfight sth.和作搏斗nget it under control表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使处于某种状态”的含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补:nThe Gove
22、rnment can no longer keep prices under control.n政府已控制不住物价。nGet the room in order.n把房间整理好。2、A short time before,great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.na short time before和a short time ago都可以与段时间相连na short time before 不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，一段时间以前na short time ago 过去某段时间，从现在算起，一段时间以前nfor m
23、iles around 方圆几英里（around表示“在周围，向四周”）n This is the only modern building for miles around.n不久之前,村民们惊悉恩得利农场的鬼死了.EndleynA short time ago,villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died.n这是方圆几英里唯一的一幢现代化建筑物。nThis is the only modern building for miles around.n3、Now,smoke still rose up
24、from the warm ground over the desolate hills.nrise up(from)升上来nsmoke rise up (烟、雾)弥漫nHe that lies down with dogs must rise up with fleas.n近朱者赤,近墨者黑.4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cau
25、se serious floods as well.nwinter was coming on 冬季即将来临(季节的来临的通用表达式)，come on的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的“到来，来临”：nWhen spring comes on,there will be flowers everywhere.n I was still in the forest when night came on.nwash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉n A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.n I cant wash the spot
26、 away.n春天来时，到处都有鲜花。nWhen spring comes on,there will be flowers everywhere.n如果冬天来了,春天还会远 吗n If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?n Percy Bysshe Shelley出自西风颂作者:雪莱(17921822)5、When the fire had at last been put out,the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which wou
27、ld grow quickly.nput out/extinguish the fire 扑灭火norder 定购ntype 强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的特征的种类，与kind有区别6、The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.nquantity单数时仅表示“数量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：nThey drank a large/great/small quantity of beer last night.nquantity复数时表示“大量”：nHe bought books in
28、(large)quantities.7.The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.n飞机撒播近一个月后,开始下起雨来.8、By then,however,in many places the grass had already taken root.ntake root表示“生根”，这个短语也可以表示某处思想/想法等“扎根”：n This type of grass takes root easily.n这种想法在他脑海里扎了根。n The idea has taken root in
29、his mind.9、In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.nin place of 替代，取代(只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)n以前放的是茶杯，现在放的是花瓶。nIn place of a cup,I put a vase there.n简代替玛丽接了电话。nJane answered the phone in place of Mary.ninstead o
30、f 替代+没做的事nInstead of staying home,I went to school.（此句就不能用“in place of”，而指地点空间时，既可以用“in place of”也可以用“instead of”。）nYogurt is a perfectly acceptable substitute for cream in cooking.nRice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.nThey had to get a job to supplement the family income.nWe consider
31、 it a compliment to be called conservativen【Key structures】n过去完成时和过去完成进行时过去完成时和过去完成进行时n过去完成进行时的构成：had been+现在分词n过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果，过去完成进行时也可用来表示过去经常重复的动作，还可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论。与它经常连用的表示时间的词有before，for，since，all day等。nShe was very tired.She had been typing letters all day.n J
32、ill was angry.Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week.n Her eyes were red.It was obvious she had been crying.n在包含间接引语的句子中，如果引述词是过去时态，则现在完成进行时要改为过去完成进行时。n过去完成时与过去完成进行时有时可以互换。但需要表示某个工作已经完成时，只能用过去完成时。n When I arrived,theyd alredy put the fire out.【Special Difficulties】nControl and Checknc
33、ontrol n vt.控制，指挥，支配，管理nDont try to control other people.n n.控制（能力），支配（能力）nIts hard to keep the number of people coming into the country under control.ncheck vt.检查，核对，查看nTheyre going to check our passports.nGreat and Bigngreat adj.大的(强调重要性)，伟大的，重大的，重要的n Frank has just made a great decision.nbig adj.
34、大的(强调面积、体积、规模上的大)n Sam is a big man.nSoil and Groundnsoil n.泥土(能让植物生长的)，土，土地，土壤nTrees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.nground n.地表，地面(与土壤无关)，场地，土地n He threw the cup to the ground.现在完成时表示的是开始于过去的动作一直持续到目前为止，同理，过现在完成时表示的是开始于过去的动作一直持续到目前为止，同理，过去完成时则表示开始于过去的某一个时刻的动作持续到过去另一时刻为止，去完成时则表示开始于过去的某一个时刻的动作持
35、续到过去另一时刻为止，即动作开始时间是过去的过去，动作结束时间应该是过去即动作开始时间是过去的过去，动作结束时间应该是过去1.1.到去年年底，我已经学了个单词到去年年底，我已经学了个单词By the end of last year I _2000 words.2.2.在来美国之间，我已经学习了一些英语在来美国之间，我已经学习了一些英语I _some English before I came to America.I _some English before I came to America.had learnedhad learnedn1.你必须节制开支.n2.我去年全年都在那里。n3.
36、他不仅洗了车，还打了蜡。n4.他经常泡吧，昨天还喝了好多啤酒n5.这种想法在他脑海里扎了根。n6.简代替玛丽接了电话。n7.多云的天空中只见到一小块儿湛蓝。n8.他正试图洗清他的罪过。n1.你必须节制开支.nYou must get your spending under control.n2.我去年全年都在那里。nI was there all the year around.n3.他不仅洗了车，还打了蜡。nHe not only washed the car,but(also)polished it.nHe not only washed the car,but polished it a
37、s well.n4.他经常泡吧，昨天还喝了好多啤酒nHe frequents the bar,whats more,yesterday he drank a large quantity of beer.n5.这种想法在他脑海里扎了根。nThe idea has taken root in his mind.n6.简代替玛丽接了电话。nJane answered the phone in the place of Mary.n7.多云的天空中只见到一小块儿湛蓝。nOnly a tiny patch of blue was visible in the cloudy sky.n8.他正试图洗清他
38、的罪过。他正试图洗清他的罪过。nHe is trying to wash away his sins.nSalt water and absence wash away love.n谚远航久别恩情疏。tensen他很累了，他一整天都在工作。(时态练习)nHe was very tired,he had been working all day long.n我回到家时，看到吉尔正在粉刷她的房间。(已经刷完她的房间。)nWhen I got home,I found Jill had been painting her room.n had painted her room.CnI _TV bef
39、ore you called me.nA.was watchingnB.had watchednC.had been watching nD.watchednHi,Tracy，you look pale.nI am tired.I _the living room all day long.nA.painted nB.had painted nC.have been painting nD.have paintedCn_ you _ him around the museum yet?nYes.We had a great time there.nA.Have;shown nB.Do;show nC.Had;shown nD.Did;showAnHe asked me _ during the summer holidays.nA.where I had been nB.where I had gone nC.where had I been nD.where had I goneAnHis brother was good at playing table tennis.He _ it since he was ten.nA.had played nB.played nC.had been playing nD.was playingC
