1、Lesson 70 Red for dangerBackground 背景西班牙斗牛：西班牙斗牛：斗牛活动是西班牙的国粹，起源于西班牙古代宗教活动（杀牛供神祭品）。它之所以经久不衰，让观众如痴如醉，不仅在于它需要高超的技艺，更在于它代表了西班牙的民族精神。在西班牙，斗牛是作为民族体育项目代代传承，同时，它代表着西班牙人骨子里的粗犷天性与勇猛的精神，斗牛的地位无法撼动！斗牛士：斗牛士：在西班牙乃至整个西班牙语世界里，斗牛士被视为英勇无畏的男子汉，备受国人的敬仰与崇拜。西班牙斗牛士的地位高出一般的社会名流和演艺界人士。这个独特的人群具备高雅、勇敢的灵魂，他们将技术和体力、柔美和勇猛完美地结合到了一
2、起。公牛：公牛：选用的公牛是一种血统纯正的野性动物，一般是生性暴烈的北非公牛，它们由特殊的驯养场负责牛种培育，经过四到五年即可用于比赛。公牛那好斗的本性不是经人训练出来的，而是其天生的。其实斗牛选用的公牛都是色盲，所以无论你拿什么颜色的布去静止展现它，斗牛都是没有感觉的，只有摇动的物体才能激起它们的斗志。正式比赛的斗牛体重在四百到五百公斤之间。斗牛过程：斗牛过程：整个斗牛过程包括引逗、长矛穿刺、上花镖及正式斗杀四个部分。1.引逗：是整个表演的开锣戏。由于此牛野性始发，所以由三个斗牛士助手负责引逗其全场飞奔，消耗其最初的锐气。2.长矛穿刺：几个回合过去，骑马带甲的长矛手出场，他们用长矛头刺扎牛背
3、颈部，使其血管刺破，进行放血，同时为主斗牛士开一个下剑的通道。3.上花镖：长矛手完成任务后，由花镖手徒步上场，手执一对木杆制、饰以花色羽毛前端带有金属利钩的花镖，孤身一人站立场中，并引逗公牛向自己发起冲击。待公牛冲上来，便迅捷将花镖刺入背颈部，如果刺中，利钩会扎在牛颈背上，也起放血作用。4.正式斗杀：最后手持利剑和红布的主斗牛士上场，开始表演一些显示功力的引逗及闪躲动作。最后斗牛士以一把利剑瞄准牛的颈部，引逗牛迎面冲来，此时借势挺身上前把剑刺向牛的心脏，一剑毙命。Key words expressionsbullfight n.斗牛（活动）bull n.公牛 cow n.母牛，奶牛bully
4、n.恃强凌弱的人coward n.懦弱的人Cowards die many times before their death;The valliant never taste of death but once.懦夫在死之前，已死去多次；而勇士一生只死一次。（出自莎士比亚的悲剧裘力斯恺撒）bull 公牛cow 母牛steer 菜牛，养来提供牛肉的ox 大公牛(oxen,pl.)calf 小牛bull market 牛市（股市行情很好）bear market 熊市（股市行情不好）bullfighter=matador 斗牛士Drunk drink-drank/drunk-drank/drunk
5、1.n.(口)醉酒者，醉鬼drunkard n.酒鬼，酒徒(people who always gets drunk)2.adj.喝醉的(通常作表语)He was blind/dead drunk 他烂醉如泥get drunk 喝醉了as drunk as a lord 酩酊大醉drink oneself drunk 一醉方休3.adj.(因感动、高兴等)沉醉、陶醉的(常作表语)eg.He is drunk with success.他沉醉在胜利中drunk with sth 沉醉，对.飘飘然，drunk with power 因为权力忘乎所以wander 1.v.游荡、闲逛、漫步、溜达wan
6、derer 漂泊者，流浪汉eg.He wandered in as if he has nothing to do.他溜达进来好像他无事可做She was wandering up and down the road.她在马路上来来回回的溜达2.v.（指人、思想）走神，胡思乱想eg.His mind is wandering.他心不在焉She wanders in her conversation.她的谈话杂乱无章3.v.迷路，迷途（常与off连用）eg.The climbers wandered off in the mountains.那些登山者在山里迷路了4.v.（谈话）脱离正题，离题H
7、e wandered off the subject.他说着说着离题了wonder 想知道，惊讶，惊奇I wonder who he is.ring 1.n.圆形竞技场地bullring 斗牛场circus ring 马戏场2.n.环，环状物a wedding ring 结婚戒指an engagement ring 订婚戒指ring finger 无名指3.v.打电话，铃响ring sb/call sb The telephone has being ringing for ten minutes.unaware adj.不知道的，未察觉的be unaware of sth be unawar
8、e thateg.He was unaware of the danger.He was unaware that he was in danger.没有意识到，没有察觉aware1.adj.察觉到的，知悉的be aware of sth be aware that.eg.He wasnt aware of the danger.Are you aware that you are sitting on my hat?意识到，察觉remark 1.n.意见，评论，感想，rude remarks 粗话2.v.（把感想、意见）说出，叙述，发言 (比say正式)remark that-She rem
9、arked that it was getting warmer and warmer.-Money is the most important thing,He remarked ironically.他用嘲讽的口气说：“钱是最重要的东西。”remark on/remark upon 就某事物发表意见eg.The guests remarked on her new evening dress.客人们就她的新晚礼服发表意见apparently adv.明显地(obviously)1.表面上，似乎The car apparently slid around the corner.这辆车似乎在转
10、角处失控滑行2.明显地eg.He is apparently right.apparent adj.1.显然的，明显的eg.It was apparent to all of us that he was lying.对大家来说很显然他在说谎2.外表的，表面的an apparent advantage表面上的优点eg.In spite of her apparent indifference,she was warm-hearted.表面上装作漠不关心，实际上很热心。it is apparent+to sb+that(对.而言)明显的是eg.It is apparent to us that
11、he hasnt done his work properly.sensitive adj.敏感的，神经过敏的，易生气的，介意的（常与to+名词连用）Mary is sensitive to smells.对气味很敏感。嗅觉灵敏Mary has a sensitive ear.sensible adj.1.明智的，有判断力的a sensible man 通晓事理的人 sense n.意识；感觉意识；感觉sense of humor 幽默感common sense 常识criticize v.批评，评论她总批评她朋友自私Shes always criticizing her friend for
12、 being selfish.她总是批评她的朋友自私。critic n.批评家批评家,鉴定家鉴定家（Lesson 26）critical adj.批评的批评的,危急的危急的a critical writer 评论家a critical situation 危急的状况charge 1.v要价，收费-The house agent charged me 500 for agency fee.（房产中介收了我500元中介费。）-How much do you charge for this Google Glass?2.v.指控，指责 charge sb with The police charge
13、d him with murder.3.v.猛攻，冲向，冲锋，向前冲The police dog charged at the criminal.4.v.照管，照料，负责 be in charge of The ex-soldier is in charge of security.clumsily adv.笨拙地eg.The fat man clumsily got himself into the car.（那个胖胖的家伙笨拙地上了车。）clumsy adj.笨拙的，笨手笨脚的笨拙的，笨手笨脚的He is clumsy with/at using chopsticks.bow 1.v.鞠躬
14、，欠身，低下（头等）bow sb.in/out 鞠躬迎入/送出-As she couldnt answer the question,she bowed her head.2.v.让步，屈服，服从-Why did you bow to their decision?-He finally bowed before money and married the other girl.3.v.压弯，压倒-My mother is bowed with age.我母亲因年老而腰弯背驼。-The little tree is bowed with snow.4.n.鞠躬-He made a low bo
15、w to the man who saved him.他向自己的救命恩人深深鞠了一躬-take a bow 鞠躬答谢（演出结束时）safety n.安全，安全地带safety firstsafety belt,seat belt安全带safe adj.安全的安全的It is safe to do 做.是安全的safe and sound 安然无恙sympathetically adv.同情地sympathetic adj.同情的She was very sympathetic when I failed in the exam.be sympathetic to 同意He was sympat
16、hetic to our proposal.sympathy n.同情，怜悯feel sympathy for.对.表示同情sympathize v.(对某人)同情，赞成sympathize with sb 同情某人Key structures 形容词+介词 组合与for，with，of，to，at，from，in，on和about连用的形容词Key structures 与与for连用的形容词：连用的形容词：eager for (渴望)enough for (足够)famous for (以而闻名)fit for (合适)grateful for/to (因而感激)qualified for
17、/in (能胜任)ready for/to (准备好)responsible for (对负责)sorry for (对感到遗憾)sufficient for (充足的)thankful for/to(感谢)valid for (有效期为)We have enough apples for the children.They were eager for the performance to begin.My aunt is famous for her beauty.Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him.Im ready for the jou
18、rney.与与with连用的形容词：连用的形容词：angry with sb./at sth.(因某人或某事生气)busy with/at (忙于)consistent with (与一致)content with (对满足)familiar with/to (与熟悉)patient with (有耐心)popular with (为所喜爱)Why was Mary angry with you?She wasnt content with her life.Uncle Sam is always popular with children.The bull was busy with the
19、 matador at the time.与与of连用的形容词：连用的形容词：afraid of(害怕)ahead of(在前面)aware of(知道)capable of(能够)careful of/with(小心)certain of(确信)conscious of(意识到)envious of(妒忌)fond of(爱好)guilty of(有罪的)ignorant of(不了解)independent of(独立于)jealous of(妒忌)kind of/to(对和蔼)short of(缺乏)worthy of(值得)shy of(顾虑)sure of(肯定)north/sout
20、h/east/west of(在的北/南/东/西面)I was short of money at that time.The drunk was unaware of the danger.I used to be afraid of ghosts.The drunk seemed quite sure of himself.Its very kind of you to come to the wedding.She is careful of her dress.I was short of money at that time.与与to连用的形容词：连用的形容词：close to(接近
21、于)contrary to(与相反)cruel to(对残忍)dear to(对很重要)equal to(与相等)faithful to(忠于)rude to(对粗暴)fatal to(对是致命的)useful to(对有用)identical to(与相同的)inferior to(劣于)liable to(对有义务的)new to(对没有经验)obedient to(对服从)obvious to(对清楚的)polite to(对有礼貌)previous to(先于)harmful to(对有害的)sensitive to(对敏感)similar to(与相似)indifferent to(
22、对不关心)Most people are sensitive to criticism.Though the bicycle is old,it is very dear to me.All these words are new to me.Its obvious to everyone that hes lying.My car is similar to yours.Our house is close to the lake.The book is useful to/for the students.与与at连用的形容词：连用的形容词：bad at(不善于)clever at(擅长)
23、efficient at(能胜任的)expert at/in(能熟练做)good at(善于)indignant at(对感到愤慨)quick at(很快)sad at/about(因而悲伤)slow at(对迟钝)skillful at/in(熟练)I am good/bad at swimming.Tom is quick/slow at learning new things.Jane is good/bad at swimming.She is clever at swimming.与与from连用的形容词：连用的形容词：away from(距远的)different from(与不同
24、的)far from(远离)safe from(无危险的)The man was far from comfortable while being confined to the wooden box.It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.While youre away from home,Ill look after the children.The lake is far from London.The village is safe from floods.与与in连用的形容词：连用的形容词：d
25、eficient in(缺少)fortunate from(在很幸运)honest from(对很诚实)weak from(在薄弱的)Youre fortunate in having a house of your own.Frank is honest in business.Im weak in/at chemics.与与on连用的形容词：连用的形容词：dependent on(依赖于)intent on(专心于)keen on(热心于)She was keen on tennis.You shouldnt be so intent on making money.Are you sti
26、ll dependent on your father?与与about连用的形容词：连用的形容词：curious about(对好奇的)doubtful about/of(对有疑问)enthusiastic about(对热心)reluctant about/to(勉强)right about/in(在是正确的)uneasy about(对感到不安)She is uneasy about her future.Im doubtful about/of his words.He was curious about the stranger.You are right about that.Exe
27、rcises:1.of 2.for/in;at 3.in;for/in 4.to;about 5.with;on Red for danger 危险的红色1.During a bullfight,a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring.在一次斗牛时，一个醉汉突然溜达到斗牛场中间。wander 溜达，晃荡，用来描述醉汉非常形象生动2.The crowd began to shout,but the drunk was unaware of the danger.be unaware of 不知道，没有觉察She was unaw
28、are of the noise around her.她没有察觉到周围的噪音I was unaware that you were coming.我不知道你要来 3.The bull was busy with the matador at the time,but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap.当时那公牛正忙于对付斗牛士，但突然它看见了醉汉，只见他正大声说着粗鲁的话，手里挥动着一顶红帽子。at the time/then/at that tim
29、e 当时 catch sight of 突然看到 eg.As I came out of the shop,I caught sight of Dan in the crowd.rude remarks 粗话 who 引导定语从句，修饰drunk4.Apparently sensitive to criticism,the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk.对挑衅显然非常敏感的公牛完全撇开斗牛士，直奔醉汉而来。(being)sensitive to criticism 省略了being的现在分词短语，作原因状语
30、 forget all about 完全忘记 sensitive to criticism 对挑衅/批评敏感 charge at 向攻击 5.The crowd suddenly grew quiet.The drunk,however,seemed quite sure of himself.观众突然静了下来，可这醉汉像是很有把握似的。seem quite sure of.显得对.相当有把握be/feel sure of oneself 有自信心eg.Shes always so sure of herself.6.When the bull got close to him,he clum
31、sily stepped aside to let it pass.当公牛逼近他时，他踉跄地住旁边一闪，牛扑空了。get close to.靠近，逼近.step aside 站到一边，让开step on 踩到 step in 请进，走进in step 步调一致 (out of step)step by step 一步一步，逐步地take an unusual step采取非常手段watch your step!小心脚下，担心7.The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed.观众欢呼起来，醉汉向人们鞠躬致谢。break into cheers 突
32、然喝起彩来break into 突然发出，突然起来(tears,laughter,cheers,angry speech突然吵起来 song突然唱起来)eg.When Sally saw the woman wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse,she broke into laughter.8.By this time,however,three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety.然而，此时已有3个人进入斗牛场，迅速把醉汉拉到安全的地
33、方。drag v.1.拽 We dragged the carpet out of the room.2.某物在地上拖着The brides dress dragged along behind her.3.(强迫)拖，拉进She dragged the child out to the dentists.drag ones feet/heels(口)故意拖延，拖着脚走drag down拖垮某人9.Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him,for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out
34、 of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.好像连牛也在为他感到遗憾，因为它一直同情地看着醉汉，直到他的背影消逝，才重新将注意力转向斗牛士。look on 旁观，观看eg.Many people just looked on while the two men robbed a woman.out of the way 不碍事，不挡路eg.While making meat pies,I always order the children to keep out of the way.turn ones attention to 转移注意力
