1、Words and Expressions 必修三必修三 Unit 41.astronomy/n.C/天文学天文学New discoveries were made in astronomy,geography and medicine.astronomer/n./天文学家天文学家I joined the Young Astronomers Club.astronaut/n.C/宇航员宇航员Yang Liwei becomes the first Chinese astronaut.2.system/n.C/系统,体系;制度;系统,体系;制度;/n.U/条理,秩序条理,秩序the solar
2、system 太阳系太阳系a social system 社会制度社会制度under the new/old system 在新在新/旧制度下旧制度下They have an alarm system in the house.他们房子里装有报警系统。他们房子里装有报警系统。3.theory/n.U/理论理论We should combine theory with practice.evolution theory 进化论进化论in theory 理论上理论上4.violent/adj./violent/adj./猛烈的;激烈的;猛烈的;激烈的;violently/adv./猛烈地;凶猛地猛
3、烈地;凶猛地violence/n./暴力,暴行暴力,暴行with violence 猛烈地,强有力地猛烈地,强有力地have a violent temper 脾气暴躁脾气暴躁takeby violence 抢夺抢夺.Whatever happens,we will never use violence.5.unlike/prep./&/adj./unlikely/adj./不大可能的不大可能的likely/adj./可能的可能的It is likely that很可能很可能.be likely to do sth.可能做某事可能做某事Unlike his father,Tom is humo
4、rous and easygoing.6.harmful/adj./be harmful to 对对有害有害harm/n./&/v./损害,伤害损害,伤害do sb.harm/do harm to对对.有害有害There is no harm(in)doing sth.=It does no harm(for sb.)to do sth.(某人(某人)做某事无害处做某事无害处7.exist/v./存在,生存存在,生存exist as 作作.而生存,以而生存,以形态存在形态存在exist on 靠靠.生活生活/生存生存exist in 存在于存在于.中中There exist(s)existed
5、.某地有某地有.;存在存在.existence/n./存在,生存存在,生存come into existence(=begin to exist)产生,成立产生,成立in existence 现存的,存在的现存的,存在的8.puzzle/n./谜,难题谜,难题 /v./(使)迷惑(使)迷惑puzzle about/over 苦苦思索,仔细琢磨苦苦思索,仔细琢磨puzzled/adj./迷惑不解的;困惑的迷惑不解的;困惑的be/feel puzzled at/about.对对.感到迷惑感到迷惑puzzling/adj./令人费解的令人费解的puzzlement/n./迷惑迷惑9.physicis
6、t/n./物理学家物理学家physics/n./物理(学)物理(学)physical/adj./肉体的,身体上的肉体的,身体上的physical labour 体力劳动体力劳动physical change 物理变化物理变化physical science 自然科学自然科学physically/adv./身体上;肉体上身体上;肉体上反义:反义:metal 物质的,自然界的物质的,自然界的10.extict/adj./(生物)绝种的,灭绝的(官职等官职等)废除了的废除了的;无合法继承人的无合法继承人的(法令等法令等)过时的过时的;失效的失效的an extinct family 已绝嗣的家族已绝嗣
7、的家族an extinct species 已灭绝的物种已灭绝的物种 an extinct volcano 死火山死火山 All hope was extinct.一切希望都破灭了。一切希望都破灭了。11.pull/v./&/n./拉,拖;牵引力拉,拖;牵引力pull down 拆毁拆毁pull through 康复,痊愈康复,痊愈pull up 停车,停止停车,停止pull in(火车等)到站,进站;火车等)到站,进站;驶向路边(或某处)停靠驶向路边(或某处)停靠Dont worry;your father is going to pull through.12.exhaust/vt./使筋
8、疲力尽;用完,耗尽使筋疲力尽;用完,耗尽There is no need to exhaust yourself clearing up.近义:近义:tire sb.(out)/wear out 使疲惫不堪使疲惫不堪 use up=run out of 用完,用光用完,用光 give out=run out 用完,用光用完,用光 give out 筋疲力尽筋疲力尽exhausted/adj./筋疲力尽的,耗尽的筋疲力尽的,耗尽的exhausting/adj./令人筋疲力尽的令人筋疲力尽的exhaustive/adj./彻底的,全面的彻底的,全面的exhaustion/n./筋疲力尽,耗尽筋疲力
9、尽,耗尽1.in time 及时及时in time for sb.to do sth.来得及(做)来得及(做).,及时(及时(做)做)on time 按时,准时按时,准时at times 有时,偶尔有时,偶尔at no time 在任何时候都不;决不在任何时候都不;决不 (至于句首时,主句使用部分倒装)(至于句首时,主句使用部分倒装)in no time 立即,立刻立即,立刻at a time 依次依次2.lay eggs 下蛋下蛋lay/vt./放置;安放;产卵,下蛋放置;安放;产卵,下蛋She laid the baby down gently on the bed.Bettys birt
10、hday party is going to be held in the living room,with a dining table already _for a meal to be cooked.A.laid B.chosen C.gotten D.hadA3.give birth to 产生,分娩;引发,造成产生,分娩;引发,造成by birth 血统上,生来,天生的血统上,生来,天生的at birth 出生时出生时bring.to birth 使使产生产生Religious differences between them gavebirth to a ar.4.in ones
11、turn 轮到某人轮到某人in turn 依次,轮流依次,轮流take turns in sth./to do sth.轮流做某事轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事轮到某人做某事You can take turns to use the computer.5.prevent.from 阻止,制止阻止,制止lprevent sb.(from)doing sth.=stop sb.(from)doing sth.在主动语态中在主动语态中from 可以省略,而在被动语态可以省略,而在被动语态中中from 不可以省略。不可以省略。keep sb.from doin
12、g sth.中的中的from 无论在主动语无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不可以省略。态中还是在被动语态中都不可以省略。protect.from.表示表示“保护保护.不受不受.损害损害”from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。后接能带来伤害或损害之物。6.cheer upcheer(sb./sth.)up(使)感到高兴;(使)感到高兴;(使)感到振奋(使)感到振奋cheer sb.on 为某人加油为某人加油cheers!干杯!干杯!Cheer up!We are near the finishing line.7.now that 既然,由于既然,由于课文原句:“Oh dear,”walking
13、does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”now that 引导原因状语,在口语中可以省略引导原因状语,在口语中可以省略that.与与now that 意思相近的有意思相近的有seeing that,since 等等。就像就像although/though不能与不能与but连用,连用,because 不能与不能与so连用一样连用一样,当当now that 引导引导的从句表示原因时,主句前不能加的从句表示原因时,主句前不能加so.辨析辨析now that/because/since/as/fornow that 说明已经成
14、为事实的原因说明已经成为事实的原因.because 语气最强,回答是用语气最强,回答是用why提问的问句,提问的问句,表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since表示间接附带的众所周知的原因,意为表示间接附带的众所周知的原因,意为“既然既然”,常放在句首。,常放在句首。as 表示一种明显的、已知的理由,意为表示一种明显的、已知的理由,意为“由于由于”for 是并列连词,用来补充说明理由或提供一种是并列连词,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释,不一定是真正的原因,不能放在主句前解释,不一定是真正的原因,不能放在主句前面。面。7.now that 既然,由于既然,由于l注意:
15、引导原因状语的介词短语:注意:引导原因状语的介词短语:due to,thanks to,because of,as a result of,owning to,on account of 等。等。Now(that)you have mentioned it,Ill keep it in mind.8.get the hang of得知得知的窍门;熟悉某物的用法;的窍门;熟悉某物的用法;理解某事理解某事Typing is easy once you get the hang of it.9.break out 突发,爆发突发,爆发The fire broke out last night in
16、his neighbours further.break into 强行进入某处强行进入某处break in 强行进入强行进入break down 停止运转;失败;垮掉停止运转;失败;垮掉break up 解散,分解解散,分解break through 取得突破取得突破10.watch out for 留意留意Watch out!There is a car coming.小心!有车来了。小心!有车来了。拓展:拓展:watch over 照顾;监督;保护照顾;监督;保护keep a watch 守望,注视守望,注视be under a close watch 被严密监视被严密监视11.bloc
17、k out 1)挡住,遮住(光线,声音等)挡住,遮住(光线,声音等)2)忘掉,抹去(不愉快的事)忘掉,抹去(不愉快的事)Black clouds blocked out the sun.The memory was so terrible that she tried toblock it out.拓展拓展block off(用路障)封锁,堵住(用路障)封锁,堵住block up 塞住,封住(孔、洞)塞住,封住(孔、洞)block ones way 挡住某人的去路挡住某人的去路block sth.in/out 草拟;画草拟;画.的简略图的简略图12.depend on/upon依赖,依靠;取决
18、于依赖,依靠;取决于The poor man depends on his son to earn money.依靠某人做某事依靠某人做某事depend on/upon sb.to do sth.depend on/upon ones doing sth.That/It(all)depends.依情况而定。依情况而定。1.“so.that”句型句型The earth _(变得如此猛烈变得如此猛烈以至于以至于)it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.2.“make it possible to do sth.”结构结构This p
19、roduced a chain reaction,which _(使生命的生使生命的生长发育成为一种可能长发育成为一种可能).became so violent thatmake it possible for life to develop3.“倍数倍数+as+adj./adv.+as”句型句型But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried _(是地球上是地球上的两倍远的两倍远)and fell over.4.now that引导的原因状语从句引导的原因状语从句Walking does need a bit of practice
20、_(既然地球引力已既然地球引力已发生了变化发生了变化).twice as for as on the earthnow that the gravity has changed.5.This produced a chain reaction,which 5.This produced a chain reaction,which made it made it possiblepossible for life to develop.for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命得以发展了。使得生命得以发展了。make+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语
21、补足语名词或形容词名词或形容词不带不带to 的不定式的不定式 to do 过去分词过去分词 v-ed介词短语介词短语make+it+/adj./&/n./+不定式不定式/从句从句find,feel,think,take也有这样的用法也有这样的用法(1)“.倍数倍数as形容词形容词/副词副词as.”表示表示“是是的几倍的几倍”,该句型也可用该句型也可用half,one-fourth等词等词,表示表示“是是的一半的一半/四分之一四分之一”等。等。(2)有关倍数的表达方式还有:有关倍数的表达方式还有:.倍数形容词倍数形容词/副词的比较级副词的比较级than.倍数倍数the名词名词of.倍数倍数 +what 从句从句.倍数倍数thatofB.The(计量计量)名词名词(size/height/length/width)of1.This road is twice as wide as that road.2.What I get is twice more than Mr.Wang.3.The price of the house this year is twice what it was last year.4.The room is twice the size of my brothers room.祝您成功!