1、 非谓语非谓语动词动词l通过阅读非谓语动词的概念和结构，能够对非谓语动词有系统的认识。l通过识别例句，背诵句型，常用单词和词组，能够基本正确使用不定式，动名词和分词。l通过大量练习，巩固非谓语动词，对易混淆的内容有清晰的认识。学习目标定义定义 在一个简单句（非并列句或主从复合句）中有且只能有一个动词作谓语，这个动词叫谓语动词；在这个简单句中出现的其他动词，都不能作谓语，只能用非谓语动词。He is the man swimming in the river just now.We find it difficult to solve this problem in a short time.谓
2、语谓语 非谓语动词非谓语动词 系动词系动词 非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词动名词动名词Ving分词分词现在分词现在分词Ving过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式 to dosummaryhomework动词不定式的构成构成：to动词原形动词原形（有时（有时to 省略）省略）。否定形式：not+(to)do作用作用：动词不定式可以在句子中充当除了谓语之外除了谓语之外的所有成分（主谓宾表定状补）考点一 动词不定式 1作主语作主语：To learn English well is important.To take an umbrella with you in Britain is very w
3、ise.常用常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语作形式主语，而将真正的主语(动词不定式动词不定式)置于句末置于句末:It is+adj+to do sth.如：To ask the teacher for help is necessary.It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.向老师寻求帮助是必要的。To learn English well is important.=_To take an umbrella with you in Britain is very wise.=_It is important to learn English
4、 well.It is very wise to take an umbrella with you in Britain.3个常用句型结构：句型句型1：It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事怎么样对某人来说做某事怎么样It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth（形容词（形容词是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的）（形容词（形容词是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的）如如：(1)It is easy for me to finish this work before ten._ (2)对中国人来说，春
5、节回家很重要。对中国人来说，春节回家很重要。_(3)It is very kind of you _(give)me some help.(4)Its impolite of him _(speak)to the teacher like that.to give to speak It is important for Chinese to go home during Spring Festival.对我来说，十点前完成这份工作很简单。It takes us an hour _(get)there by bus.每日他都要花一个小时来锻炼身体。_句型句型2：It+谓语谓语+to do：It
6、 takes/took sb+时间时间+to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间做某事花费某人多长时间to get It takes him one hour to do exercise every day.句型句型3：Its+n.+to do 做某事是做某事是Its our duty _(help)the poor.It is a great enjoyment _(spend)our holiday in the mountains.很遗憾错过了比赛。_to help to spend Its a pity to miss the match.1.Is it necessary _(l
7、earn)a foreign language?2.It is a great honor _(talk)with you face to face.3.对他来说，保持房间整洁很困难。_4.到那里花了我们一整天的时间。_5.他很聪明能够解决这个难题。_to learn to talk Its difficult for him to keep the room clean and tidy.It took us a whole day to get there.It is very clever of him to solve this difficult problem.2作宾语作宾语牢记牢
8、记2个结构：个结构：后接不定式作宾语的动词后接不定式作宾语的动词有结构结构1：主语：主语+_(动词动词)+to do sth.ask要求 wish希望offer提供decide决定 help帮助 learn学会 agree 同意refuse拒绝 hope希望 want想要expect 期望 promise答应plan计划 afford承担起 prepare准备 manage成功 arrange安排 help 帮助等等简单快乐记忆口诀：决定想要做计划，被人拒简单快乐记忆口诀：决定想要做计划，被人拒绝不帮忙。绝不帮忙。1.They wanted _(get)on the bus,didnt the
9、y?2.He said he wished _(be)a professor.3.I agreed_(go)there with the doctor.4.The boy is looking forward to _(have)a good time after the exam.5.He had promised _(give)me a hand.6.I hope _(get)there before dark.7.My daughter preferred _(dance)when she was in her twenties.to getto beto gohavingto give
10、to getto dance在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语作形式宾语，而将不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语动词it(形式宾语)宾补(形容词/名词)不定式”结构。如：I found it difficult to solve the problem.结构结构2：主语：主语+think/find/make+it(形式宾语形式宾语)宾补宾补(形容词形容词/名词名词)to do 形式形式宾宾语语 真正的真正的宾宾语语1.He found it not easy _（do）it well.2.His invention made it easy_(get)the infor
11、mation.3.我们发现每天大声拼读单词是个好主意。_We find it a good idea to spell and pronounce words loudly every day.to doto get3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有 tell，ask，allow，want，help，wish，teach，warn，invite，would like,encourage等。如：The teacher told us _(do)Exercise 1.The man warned the children _(not play)football i
12、n the street.(2)使役动词let,make,have和感官动词see，hear,watch,notice,feel,find等后用动词不定式作宾补时要省略要省略to。主语主语+_(动词动词)+sb.+(not)to do sth.口诀记忆法：一感（feel）二听(hear,listen to)三让(let,make,have)四看(see,watch,notice,look at)半帮助(help)not to play to do 1.I often hear her _(sing)in the classroom.2.A policeman saw two thieves _
13、(steal偷)a girls mobile phone on a bus。3.That made me _(feel)very happy.4.My healthy lifestyle helps me _(get)good grades.singstealfeel(to)get注意：注意：当上述动词变被动语态被动语态时，其后的不定式必须补上补上to。如：We often hear her sing.我们经常听见她唱歌。被动语态：She is often heard to sing.1.My teacher encourages me _(read)English every day.2.L
14、ucy invited me _(attend)her birthday party.3.My mother allows me _(not go)to bed on time on weekend.4.Big Tom often makes us _(lend)him money to him.5.He is often seen _(play)basketball on the playground.to read to attend to play not to go lend 4作状语常见的状语有目的状语目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。如：Mr Lee will go to Hangz
15、hou to visit the West Lake.The doctor did what he could to save the girl.5作定语动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后作后置定语。置定语。如：I dont have a partner to practice English with.Get him something to eat.给他弄点吃的东西。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支写字的笔。6作表语Their duty is _ the animals.他们的职责是照看动物。to look after7.“特殊疑问词不定式”结
16、构动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,when,where,how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。如：He doesnt know what _(wear).He taught us how _(use)the tool.No one could tell me where _(get)the book.to wear特殊特殊疑问词疑问词to doto use to get 1.The policeman told the boys not _(play)in the street.2.Her son is too young _(dress)himse
17、lf.3.Why not let him _(go)home4._(be)honest,I just dont like him.5.They were made _(work)fourteen hours a day.6.“Do you have any clothes _(wash)?”asked the maid.7.Dont let those who are not old enough _(enter)the video game arcade.8.I really dont know what_(do)next.9.Can you finish _(read)the book i
18、n three days?10.I often hear people _(say)“_(see)is _(believe)”.11.His wish was _(become)a doctor.12.They said they had nothing _(worry)about.to playto dresstell sb(not)to do sthtoo+形容词/副词+to do sthgoLet/make/have(三让）sb do sthTo beto workto washto enterto doreading sayTo seeto believeto becometo wor
19、ry固定短语：说实话固定短语：说实话三让的被动语态to do作定语be+形容词/副词+enough+to do sth特殊疑问词+to dofinish+doingto do作表语to do作后置定语动名词由“动词原形ing”构成，其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。一、一、作主语作主语1.动名词直接作主语（动名词直接作主语（单个动作作主语谓语动词用单数，两单个动作作主语谓语动词用单数，两个和多个动名词作主语其后谓语用复数个和多个动名词作主语其后谓语用复数）Playing computer games too much/is bad for
20、 your eyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。Listening to English songs and watching English films/are good ways to learn English.考点二 动名词 2.动名词作主语时，有时可以用动名词作主语时，有时可以用it做形式主语做形式主语。It is useless/no good/no use后习惯用动名词。如，Its no use saying so much.说这么多也没有用。Its no good _(live)in this way.注意注意：动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。但，动
21、名词作主语多之一般的，抽象的或多次的一般的，抽象的或多次的行为，动词不定式作主语往往表示一次性具体的一次性具体的动作。living跟踪练习：1._(eat)too much snacks and drinking a lot of cola _(be)bad for your health.2.Its useless _(cry)without doing anything.3.I dont think _(smoke)is allowed here.4._(sleep)for such a long time makes me_(have）a headache。Eatingarecrying
22、smokingsleepinghave二、二、作宾语作宾语常接动名词作宾语的单词或短语有：动词动词:enjoy,finish,consider(考虑做),miss,keep,mind（介意做）,practise,suggest,avoid（避免做）,imagine想象短语短语:be busy（忙于做）,cant help（情不自禁做）,cant stop（停不下做）,have fun（做某事获得快乐）介词后加介词后加Ving:be used to（习惯于做）,be worth（做某事值得）,be afraid of（害怕做）,be proud of（做某事感到骄傲）,be interested
23、 in（对做某事感兴趣）,keep(stop)sb from doing（阻止某人做某事）,look forward to（期盼做）,put off（推迟做）,feel like(想要做）,give up（放弃做）等。跟踪训练：1.He is busy _(mend)his chair.2.Have you finished _(read)the book?3.Would you mind (speak)slowly？I cant follow you.4.Im sorry to keep you _ (wait)for a long time,Lucy.5.I feel like (see)
24、some humorous movies.mendingreadingspeakingwaitingseeing注意：注意：有些词既可接不定式又可接v.ing形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同。常见的有：(1)stop to do sth停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语)stop doing sth停止做某事(v.ing作宾语)(2)try to do sth 尽力(企图)做某事 try doing sth尝试着做某事 (3)forget to do sth忘记要去做某事(还没做)forget doing sth忘记做过了某事(已做)(4)remember to do sth记着要去做某事(还
25、没做)remember doing sth记得做过了某事(已做)(5)go on to do sth做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth继续做原来所做的同一件事(6)need doing(某事)需要做(被动含义)need to do 需要去做某事(主动含义)动名词作宾的特点是正在做某事；不定式作宾是要动名词作宾的特点是正在做某事；不定式作宾是要去做某事，强调的是即将发生。去做某事，强调的是即将发生。stop to do sth stop doing sth try to do sth try doing sth forget to do sth forget doi
26、ng sth remember to do sth remember doing sth go on to do sth go on doing sth need doing need to do 停下来去做另外一件事 停止做某事 尽力(企图)做某事 尝试着做某事 忘记要去做某事(还没做)忘记做过了某事(已做)记着要去做某事(还没做)记得做过了某事(已做)做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事 继续做原来所做的同一件事(某事)需要做(被动含义)需要去做某事(主动含义)动名词综合练习 Do you feel like _(have)a walk along the river?He has trou
27、ble_(solve)the problem.Lets help him.Thank you very much for _(help)us.The doctor was busy _(operate)on the boy at that time.We couldnt help _(laugh)after we heard the funny story.My grandfather is used to _(wear)a hat in winter.havingsolvinghelpingoperatinglaughingwearinghave trouble/difficulty(in)
28、doing sth.做某事有困难be busy doing sth.忙于做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 Would you mind _(not smoke)because therere so many children _(play)here?_(read)English is much easier than speaking it.Her hobby is _(collect)model planes.Youd better (take)an umbrella with you.Although the
29、y are tired,they still go on(work).Dont forget (see)my parents when you are in Beijing.Kate spent 30 minutes _(clean)his bike.not smokingplayingReading collectingtakeworkingto seecleaninghad better(not)do动名词表正在进行动名词表正在进行分词分为 现在分词(v.ing)和 过去分词(v.ed)两种。有被动、完成之意。分词在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语。现在分词和过去分词的现在分词和过去分词的用
30、法用法区别区别1.现在分词现在分词(v.ing)表主动、进行之意主动、进行之意在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语。(1)The crying girl cant find her mother.(前置定语，表进行)那个正在哭的正在哭的女孩找不到妈妈了。(2)What about the photo of my cousin flying kites with Chinese kids in the Summer Palace.(后置定语，表进行)(3)I saw her going upstairs.我看见她正在上楼。(宾补，表进行)(4)Hearing the bad news,they co
31、uldnt help crying.(状语，表主动）考点三 分词 主动、进行之意主动、进行之意2.过去分词过去分词(v.ed)表被动、完成之意被动、完成之意，句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语。(1)I know the boy called Li Ming.(作定语，表被动）我认识那个叫李明的男孩。(2)She found the novel written by Mark Twain.(宾补，表被动)她发现这本小说是马克吐温写的。(3)My chocolate cookies are done now.(作表语，表完成）(4)Broken by Jim,I cant use the cup.(
32、作状语，表被动)杯子被Jim打破了，我不能用了。3.其它区别：其它区别：现在分词表示事物本书所具有的性质，意为“令令人人”，过去分词表示由外界引起的内心活动，意为“感到”the exciting news 令人激动的消息 the excited look 激动的表情surprising令人惊讶的Surprised感到惊讶的被动、完成之意4易混结构 have sb doing sth 与have sth done 的区别：(1)have sb doing sth 意为“让某人一直做某事”，doing这个动作具有持续意义。如：The teacher had the boys standing al
33、l day.老师让男生罚站了一整天。(2)have sth done 意为“让某人做某事、让某事被做”，表示让他人完成，有被动之意。如：I had my computer repaired yesterday.昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。跟踪训练1.China is a _(develop)country.America is a _(develop)country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家2.I often hear her _(sing)this song in the classroom after class.Listen！I hear someone_(sing)in
34、the classroom.3.Please stop _(have)a rest if you feel tired.4.Its a pity that I forgot to take my _(swim)clothes.5.Jack took an interest in _(play)ping-pong soon after he came to China.developing developedHear/see/watch/notice sbdo 表示看到表示看到/听到某人做过听到某人做过/经常做某事经常做某事doing 表示看到表示看到/听到某人正在做某事听到某人正在做某事sin
35、gsingingto haveswimmingplaying6.Seeing their teacher _(enter)into the classroom,they stopped _(talk)at once.7.When I was walking past the window,I noticed Wang Fei_(copy)my homework.I really got_(amaze).8.Some photos _(take)by the children of Yushu,Qinghai are on show now.9._(hear)the good news,he j
36、umped with joy.10.When I went into the room，I found him_(lie)in bedenteringtalkingcopyingamazedHearingtakenlying非谓语动词动名词动名词Ving分词分词现在分词现在分词Ving过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式 to do主语主语It作形式主语时的作形式主语时的3个常用句型结构个常用句型结构宾语宾语主语主语+_(动词动词)+to do sth.宾补宾补主语主语+_(动词动词)+sb.+(not)to do sth.省略省略to的情况的情况状语状语目的状语目的状语定语定语后置定语后置定语to do 不定式表示动作不定式表示动作即将发生即将发生主语主语It作形式主语时的常用句型结构作形式主语时的常用句型结构;谓语单复数谓语单复数宾语宾语常接动名词作宾语常接动名词作宾语的单词或短语的单词或短语表主动、进行之意主动、进行之意表被动、完成之意被动、完成之意分词在句中可作定语、分词在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语。状语、表语和补语。Ving强调动作强调动作正在进行正在进行既可以跟不定式既可以跟不定式作宾语也可以跟作宾语也可以跟动名词作宾语的动动名词作宾语的动词，及其不同意义词，及其不同意义
