1、Lesson 1 On Your BikeUnit 9 Wheels必修三必修三lTo practise using Present Perfect Continuous.l To read a newspaper article and understand the main points.l To act out a dialogue explaining what has been happening.ObjectivesPart IPre-readingDo you use a bicycle?When?Can you name the parts of a bike?pedalcha
2、insaddle(seat)crossbarhandlebarsgearshiftbrake leverfront braketirewheelforkWhat are the advantages of bicycles over cars?Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number about one billion worldwide.They are the principal means of transportation in many regions.They also provide a popular
3、 form of recreation,and have been adapted for such uses as childrens toys,adult fitness,military and police applications,courier services,and competitive sports.Part IIFirst-readingReturn of the white bikes!AmsterdamDo you know which city is called the“City of Bicycles”?“City of Bicycles”Amsterdamca
4、pital ofThe NetherlandsHollandLets go to Amsterdam!There is a city in Netherlands which has quiet streets even in the center with very few cars.How do people travel there?Cycling in AmsterdamNearly half of all traffic movements in Amsterdam are by bike.Amsterdam is a city with cyclists galore:people
5、 cycle to work,to school and to shops.The couriers use bikes,as do the police and delivery boys.There are pedal boats,and,of course,tourists go about on bikes.Amsterdam is the largest city in the Netherlands.It is divided by canals into about 90 islands joinedby over 400 bridges.It is one of the mos
6、t important trading centres in Europe.The Netherlands has the highest proportion of bicycles in the world 14 million bicycles between 15 million people!Amsterdam1)_2)_3)_4)_1.Read the text and check your answers:What are the advantages of bicycle over cars?To save energy.To reduce pollution.To provi
7、de free public transport.Less traffic in city centres.2.Skim the text and choose the answer.()1.This passage is a/an _ A.advertisement B.article(文章文章)in the newspaper C.speech(演讲演讲)()2.Whats the main idea of this passage?A.Bicycles in Amsterdam.B.There is less traffic in Amsterdam now.C.People like
8、the white bicycles in Amsterdam.BA3.Decide whether the following statements are True(T)or False(F).1)The government of Amsterdam asked a group of people to put some bikes in the city for people to use in the 1960s.F F2)In the 1960s,the white bicycles used were specially designed and were white when
9、they were produced.F F3)Now people who want to use the white bikes can leave the bikes wherever they finish a journey.F F4)Both local people and tourists have been using the white bikes in Amsterdam.T TPart IIISecond-readingRead the text again and answer the questions.1)Why Amsterdam is called the“C
10、ity of Bicycles”?Because there are plenty of places to park bikes and most streets in the city centre have a bicycle lane.2)Why did the first“white bikes”scheme fail?3)What effects have the white bikes had?4)Do you think the“white bikes”would be good for your town or city?Say why.Thieves stole the b
11、ikes.There is less traffic in central Amsterdam.Read the passage to get the main idea of each paragraph and that of the whole passage and find details for each topic.No.Main idea/TopicDetails 1Amsterdam is a good city for cycling.Flat,convenient facilities for bikesNo.Main idea/TopicDetails 2 3 4The
12、 articleHow the White Bike beganThere is less traffic in the cityThe White Bike is back.The White Bike in Amsterdama group of cycling fans,in order to save energy,reduce pollutionbikes for use controlled by computersBoth local people and travelers use bikes.Amsterdam is an unusual city in that it ha
13、s all the advantages of a big city culture,history,food,entertainment,good transport with relatively few of the disadvantages:it is physically small,beautiful,relatively quiet,and largely thanks to the canals,has relatively little traffic.Do you wonder why Amsterdam is such an unusual city?Read the
14、passage carefully to learn about it.Part IVSummaryAmsterdam is a good city for cycling because it is 1._.And in the city centre,most streets have a 2._.In the 1960s,a group of cycling fans hoped to allow only 3._ in the city centre.They believed that this would help to save 4._,reduce 5._ and provid
15、e 6._.flatbicycle pathbikesenergypollutionfree public transportSo they placed hundreds of white bikes in the city.Anyone can use them for 7._ for free.But it didnt work because all the bikes were 8._.But modern technology has brought the system back.Now a 9._ in every“white bike”helps to record its
16、every move and people have to 10._ to take a bike.short journeystolencomputer chipinsert a special cardPart VParaphrase1.People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.多年来，人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹多年来，人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车的益处。骑自行车的益处。结构分析结构分析这是一个典型的现在完成进行时的句子。这是一个典型的现在完成进行时的句子。其中其中have bee
17、n doing是现在完成进行时的是现在完成进行时的标志，表示动作一直持续到现在。时间标志，表示动作一直持续到现在。时间状语状语for years表示连续的一段时间。表示连续的一段时间。2.It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.这是一个适合骑自行车的城市，因为道这是一个适合骑自行车的城市，因为道路平坦，所以方便骑车。路平坦，所以方便骑车。结构分析结构分析这句话的主句是这句话的主句是It is a good city for cycling，并列连词，并列连词an
18、d引导两个原因状语引导两个原因状语从句；以从句；以therefore为标志，两个原因状为标志，两个原因状语从句又成因果关系。语从句又成因果关系。3.They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars werent allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.他们认为如果禁止汽车驶入市中心，只他们认为如果禁止汽车驶入市中心，只让自行车进入，会对每个人更加有利。让自行车进入，会对每个人更加有利。结构分析结构分析主句是主句是They believed that it would
19、 be better for everybody，其中，其中that it would be better for everybody是一个宾语从句；是一个宾语从句；if cars werent allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were是条件状语从句，该从是条件状语从句，该从句中句中and后面是一个省略句，其完整结构后面是一个省略句，其完整结构是是only bicycles were allowed in the city centre。4.The bikes are parked at special parking places a
20、nd people who want to use them have to take them to another special parking place that has enough room.自行车停放在特别停车场里，想要使用它自行车停放在特别停车场里，想要使用它们的人必须把它们带到另一个有足够空间们的人必须把它们带到另一个有足够空间的特别停车场。的特别停车场。结构分析结构分析本句由本句由and连接两个并列句。连接两个并列句。and后面的后面的句子主干是句子主干是people have to take them to another special parking place，w
21、ho want to use them和和that has enough room是两是两个定语从句，分别修饰个定语从句，分别修饰people和和another special parking place。Part VILanguage Points1.It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.点拨点拨 therefore 作作副词副词，表示，表示“所以所以；因因此此”，常与，常与and一起使用。又如：一起使用。又如：We have a growing popul
22、ation and therefore we need more food.我们的人口在增长，因此我们需要更多的我们的人口在增长，因此我们需要更多的食物。食物。拓展拓展therefore的近义词的近义词(组组)有：有：so,as a result,for this reason。so 多用于口语中，如：多用于口语中，如：I dont use the language much,so I tend to forget it.for this reason常用于正式的口语和书面常用于正式的口语和书面语中，而且经常用于句子的开头；而语中，而且经常用于句子的开头；而as a result则常要用逗号与
23、句子分开，如：则常要用逗号与句子分开，如：The country was beautiful.For this reason I decided to return there the next year.=The country was beautiful.As a result,I decided to return there the next year.即时演练即时演练 用用therefore,so,as a result 或或for this reason 填空。填空。(1)It hasnt rained for a long time._,we have to water the
24、vegetable garden.(2)He had been ill for a long time and _ he was behind in his work.(3)It was snowing,_ I could not go out.(4)The cost has gone up.It is _ that we have to raise our price by 5%.As a resultthereforesofor this reason2.People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for y
25、ears.点拨点拨benefit 在此处是在此处是可数名词可数名词，表示，表示“好处；利益好处；利益”。又如：又如：This project is of great benefit to everyone.这项工程对每个人都大有好处。这项工程对每个人都大有好处。拓展拓展(1)名词名词benefit常用于常用于“be of benefit to.”结构，表示结构，表示“对对有利有利”。(2)benefit的的近义词近义词有有 profit,gain。(3)benefit作作及物动词及物动词，表示，表示“对对有有好处；有益于好处；有益于”；作；作不及物动词不及物动词，表，表示示“获益获益”，常与，
26、常与from连用连用。(4)benefit的的形容词形容词形式是形式是beneficial，表，表示示“有益的；有利的有益的；有利的”；常用句型有常用句型有:be beneficial to sb/sth 对对有好处有好处be beneficial to do sth做某事有好处做某事有好处即时演练即时演练完成句子：完成句子：(1)Fresh air is _(有有益于我们的健康益于我们的健康).(2)Thousands of young people _(从中受益匪浅从中受益匪浅)the job training.(3)The new policy will _(有益有益于经济发展于经济发展
27、)in various ways.(4)Its beneficial _ the doctors directions(遵从医生的指示遵从医生的指示).beneficial to our health have benefited a lot from benefit the economic development to followadvantage,benefit,interest,favour,profit,gain 这些名词均有这些名词均有“利益、好处利益、好处”之意。之意。advantage:指因某方面占优势或利用某指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得利益与好处。机会以及
28、对方弱点而获得利益与好处。benefit:普通用词，指通过正当手段从物普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益。质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益。interest:作作“利益利益”解时，多用复数形解时，多用复数形式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指个人的利益。个人的利益。favour:指在竞争中获得的指在竞争中获得的advantage,也也可指狭隘的个人利益。可指狭隘的个人利益。profit:着重收益，尤指从物质、钱财等着重收益，尤指从物质、钱财等方面获得的利益。方面获得的利益。gain:指获得的物质利益，也暗示不损坏指获得的物质利益，也暗示
29、不损坏他人利益而得的无形好处。他人利益而得的无形好处。Her rich experience gave her an advantage over other applicants for the job.We work for our common interests.The decision went in his favour.There is very little profit in selling newspapers at present.He served the public wholeheartedly,regardless of his personal gain or
30、loss.He escaped to South America with his ill-gotten gains.3.and most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path.path n.路线，轨道，路程，小路，小径路线，轨道，路程，小路，小径The path of an arrow is a curve.They walked along the path through the woods.His path through life was hard.Their daily trips through the jungle hav
31、e made a path in the thick undergrowth.path:多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。花园等供人走的小径。road:指供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的指供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指大道，多指 公路，也可用于引申意义。公路，也可用于引申意义。path,road,way,highway,avenue,motorway,route,pavement这些名词均有这些名词均有“路路”之意。之意。way:普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、普通用词，含
32、义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。highway:通常指市区外可以通行各种机通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。动车辆的交通干线。avenue:在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通往乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的往乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的道路。道路。motorway:高速公路，美语为高速公路，美语为freeway或或expressway。route:指从此处通往彼处的路线、路程等。指从此处通往彼处的路线、路程等。pavement:在英国
33、，多指街道两旁的人行道，在英国，多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用而美国人常用sidewalk表示人行道。表示人行道。4.Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.点拨点拨wherever在这里引导一个让步状语从句，在这里引导一个让步状语从句，相当于相当于no matter where，意思是，意思是“无论无论在哪里在哪里”。又如：。又如：Wherever you go,we will wait for you to come back.无论你去哪里，我
34、们都会等你回来。无论你去哪里，我们都会等你回来。拓展拓展Wherever 也可以代替也可以代替where引导其它从句，引导其它从句，往往比往往比where语气更强。如：语气更强。如：Im glad to come back to you,and wherever you are is my home.很高兴回到你身边，你所在的地方就是我很高兴回到你身边，你所在的地方就是我的家。的家。即时演练即时演练翻译句子：翻译句子：(1)随便坐在哪里吧。随便坐在哪里吧。(2)你刚才究竟到哪儿去了？你刚才究竟到哪儿去了？(3)这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人 等着见她。等着见她
35、。Sit wherever you like.Wherever did you go just now?Wherever the film star goes,there are crowds of people waiting to see her.5.Indeed,thanks to the good ideas of lots of people,thanks to 幸亏幸亏;由于由于It was thanks to your timely help that we accomplished the task on time.Thanks to his effort,it is more
36、 successful than we have expected.due to,owing to,because of,thanks to这些这些词组均表示词组均表示“由于由于”之意。之意。due to:用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重“起起因因于于”，在句中多作表语，有时作状语。，在句中多作表语，有时作状语。owing to:可以和可以和due to换用，但在句中多作换用，但在句中多作 状语，也可作表语。状语，也可作表语。because of:着重某个结果的原因，在句中着重某个结果的原因，在句中通常作状语。通常作状语。thanks to:突出一种感激之情，含突出一种感激
37、之情，含“多亏多亏”意味。意味。Some students quit school due to poverty.The failure of the scheme was due to bad management.Owing to the rain,the match was cancelled.Owing to my lack of experience,I didnt do the work well.Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution.The game was cancel
38、led because of the rain.Thanks to his effort,it is more successful than we have expected.6.What have you been doing?You look fed up!点拨点拨fed up表示表示“不愉快的；厌烦的；沮丧的；不愉快的；厌烦的；沮丧的；厌倦的厌倦的”，表语，表语形容词形容词，常与，常与with连用。连用。又如：又如：Im fed up with waiting in such a long line.在这么长的队伍里等待，我都厌烦了。在这么长的队伍里等待，我都厌烦了。She was f
39、ed up with her exam result.她对自己的考试成绩感到很沮丧。她对自己的考试成绩感到很沮丧。拓展拓展(1)feed sb/sth up表示表示“养肥；养壮养肥；养壮”。The little boy,who is very thin,needs feeding up.那个小男孩太瘦了，需要养胖些。那个小男孩太瘦了，需要养胖些。(2)feed on sth表示表示“以以为食为食”。(3)fed up 的近义词组有的近义词组有tired of。即时演练即时演练翻译句子翻译句子:(1)我厌烦了每天只吃蔬菜。我厌烦了每天只吃蔬菜。(2)山羊以草为食。山羊以草为食。Im fed up
40、 with eating only vegetables every day.Goats feed on grass.Present Perfect ContinuousGrammarDPart VIIGrammarMatch the dialogues with the pictures.ABC1)A:Youre all wet!Have you been cycling in the rain?B:No,Mum,I havent.Ive been having a shower with my clothes on!Picture C.C2)A:Look at the time!Have
41、you been watching Euro-sport again?B:No,Mum.Ive been doing my science project all night.Picture D.D3)A:What have you been doing?You look fed up!B:Ive been sitting in a traffic jam for hours.The traffic just gets worse and worse!Picture A.A4)A:Hi,Carl.You look really fit!B:Yeah.I havent been using th
42、e car for the last two months.Ive been going everywhere by bike.Its great.You should try it!Picture B.BPresent Perfect ContinuousWe use the Present Continuous to talk about：a repeated or continuous activity that started in the past and hasnt been finished.Ive been going everywhere by bike for the la
43、st two months.an activity from the recent past which has consequences in the present.Hes been doing his science project all night.(thats why hes so sleepy now.)The Present Perfect Continuous is formed in this way:Subject+have/has+been+-ingYouve been studying very hard.Has Steve been complaining abou
44、t it?We havent been waiting for you long.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时结构结构 have/has+been+doing含义含义“从过去开始的一段时间一直在进从过去开始的一段时间一直在进行行”(1)We have been looking for you for an hour.我们找你找了一个小时了。我们找你找了一个小时了。(2)He has been teaching history in this school since he graduated.他毕业后就一直在这所学校教历史。他毕业后就一直在这所学校教历史。1.表示动作表示动作从过去开始一直延续
45、到现在从过去开始一直延续到现在，还可能持续到将来。如：还可能持续到将来。如：I have been living in Foshan for eight years.我在佛山生活八年了。我在佛山生活八年了。2.表示动作从过去开始一直延续到刚才。表示动作从过去开始一直延续到刚才。动作虽已结束，但动作虽已结束，但强调动作所产生的结强调动作所产生的结果和影响果和影响。点拨点拨They are very tired.They have been working hard.他们很劳累。他们一直在努力工作。他们很劳累。他们一直在努力工作。(强调结果强调结果)3.表示某一动作在直到说话时为止的表示某一动作在
46、直到说话时为止的一段一段时间里重复发生时间里重复发生。如：。如：(1)We have been seeing each other quite often recently.最近我们经常见面。最近我们经常见面。(2)I have been going to the hospital this month.我这个月总是往医院跑。我这个月总是往医院跑。4.表示一定的表示一定的感情色彩感情色彩，这也是现在完，这也是现在完成进行时所包含的一个进行时态的特点。成进行时所包含的一个进行时态的特点。如：如：(1)She has been calling me several times this week.
47、她这个星期打了好几次电话给我。她这个星期打了好几次电话给我。(含有含有“厌烦厌烦”的意味的意味)(2)You have been making too much trouble today.你今天惹了太多麻烦了。你今天惹了太多麻烦了。(含有含有“指责指责”的意味的意味)时间状语时间状语现在完成进行时常与延续性动词连用，现在完成进行时常与延续性动词连用，并常带有表示动作起始时间的状语并常带有表示动作起始时间的状语(如如since the year.,since then 或或since引导的引导的时间状语从句等时间状语从句等)或表示一段时间的状语或表示一段时间的状语(如如how long,for
48、 an hour,all this season,this month,all the morning,in the past few years等等)。但是在上下文意义明确的。但是在上下文意义明确的情况下，也可以将时间状语省略。情况下，也可以将时间状语省略。Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Continuous.a)Were so tired.We _(cycle)in the forest all morning.b)Why was he arrested?_ he(sell)stolen cars again?c)I don
49、t want him to give us a lift.He _(not drive)for a long time.d)The kids are very good today.They _(play)quietly for two hours.have been cyclingHas he been sellinghasnt been drivinghave been playingCan you swim?When did you start?How long have you been swimming/?I can/I like I started I have been for/
50、since A:How long have you been studying English?B:I have been studying English for years.A:When did you start to study English?B:I started to study English in/years ago.Example:A:She is quite confident of passing next weeks exam.B:Thats because she 1._(prepare)for the exam for a long time.When we 2.
