1、Chapter 4remittancekinds of methods of settlementsvRemittancevDocumentary CollectionvDocumentary L/CvLetter of Guarantee(L/G)remittance and reverse remittance.vThere are two main kinds of methods of settlements,namely remittance and reverse remittance.vThe remittance is that the funds flow in a favo
2、rable direction to the payment instructions transmitted therefrom.vThe reverse remittance is that the funds flow in a contrary direction to the payment instructions transmitted therefrom.v remittanceSeller Buyer T/Tpaymentreverse remittanceSeller Buyer collectionpaymentDefinition Remittance refers t
3、o the transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries through banks.At the request of its customer,a bank transfers a certain sum of money to its overseas branches or correspondent banks and instructs them to pay a named person or corporation domiciled in that country.Parties t
4、o a RemittancevRemittervPayee/BeneficiaryvRemitting BankvPaying Bank The remitter the person who requests his bank to remit funds to a beneficiary in a foreign country.The remitter is also the payer.The remitting bank the bank who transferring funds at the request of a remitter to its correspondent
5、or its branch in another country and instructing the latter to pay a certain sum of money to a beneficiary.The payee v the person who is addressed to receive the remittance The paying bank v the bank entrusted by the remitting bank to pay a certain sum of money to a beneficiary named in the remittan
6、ce advice.Remitting Bank Paying Bank RemitterPayee/BeneficiaryvOutward Remittancev Inward RemittanceOutward RemittancevThe remittances which are handled by the home remitting bank Inward RemittancevThe remittance which those are handled by foreign paying bank.Methods of Remittance vTelegraphic Trans
7、fer(T/T)vMail Transfer(M/T)vRemittance by Bankers Demand Draft(D/D)Telegraphic Transfer(T/T)vThe most efficient means with the payment instruction transmitted by telex/SWIFT vIn any major currency for any amount vA fast and accurate way to transfer funds abroad v Telegraphic Transfer(T/T)v A secure
8、way of remitting funds of substantial amounts payable to a specific beneficiary vTo facilitate payments on a regular basis by means of a standing instruction diagrameProcedure(1)The remitter makes out the necessary application form and gives his signed written application to his bank instructing it
9、to issue a T/T,indicating the beneficiarys full name,address and the name of beneficiarys banker(if any).(2)The remitting bank debits his customers account with the amount to be remitted together with its commission and expense(if any).(3)The remitting bank issues a payment order to its branch or co
10、rrespondent bank in the place where the beneficiary is domiciled.The payment order specifies the details of the payment including amount,name and address of beneficiary,and name of the remitter.(4)Upon receipt of the payment order,the paying bank verifies the authorized signatures,notifies the benef
11、iciary,and pays to him the stated amount minus expenses charged by itself.(5)The paying bank claims reimbursement from the remitting bank in accordance with the latters instructions.Specimen从香港汇入港币 从世界各地汇入其他货币 Mail Transfer(M/T)vThe mail transfer is a remittance,at the request of a remitter,effected
12、 by a mail advice or payment order sent by the remitting bank to the paying bank authorizing the latter to notify and pay a certain sum in money to payee of the remittance.Remittance by Bankers Demand Draft(D/D)vDemand DraftvA cheque payable to particular beneficiary drawn on specific Bank,usu.corre
13、spondent bank or branch office.vIn any major currency for any amount vPayment guaranteed by the issuing bank vAn inexpensive and simple method of funds transfer vA secure form of payment as the demand draft is payable to the specified payee vRe-purchasable and refundable if lost vTo facilitate payme
14、nts on a regular basis by means of a standing instruction D/D(Demand draft)exercisevDraft No.20060613vAmount:HKD32,150.00vPlace and date of draft:Tianjin,8 May,2003vPaying bank:Bank of China,Hong KongvPayee:the order of United Trading Company,Hong KongexercisevPay against this draft to the debit of
15、our account.vRemitting bank:Bank of China,Tianjin vRemitter:China National Light Industrial Products Imp.&Exp.Corp.,Tianjin Branch,TianjinvPlease draw a demand draft to make remittance by D/D.BANK OF CHINA NO._ This draft is valid for one AMOUNT_year from date of issue _,_To:_ Pay to _THE SUM OF _PA
16、Y AGAINST THIS DRAFT TO THEDEBIT OF OUR ACCOUNT BANK OF CHINA,TIANJIN signaturesNot negotiable Account payeeSuppose Bank of China,Tianjin would be the remitting bank of the remittance,they have:(1)a branch office-Bank of China,London(2)an account bank-National Westminster Bank Ltd.,London(3)a corres
17、pondent-Barclays Bank Ltd.,London Bank of China,London will be more applicable to a paying bank.Reimbursement of Remittance CovervThe paying bank has maintained an USD account with the remitting bank.Suppose an outward remittance in USD is made,you should write“cover instruction”as follows:vIn cover
18、 we have credited your account with us.Remitting bankPaying bankIn cover we have credited your account with us.USD accountvThe remitting bank has maintained a GBP account with the paying bank.Suppose an outward remittance in GBP is made,you should write“cover instruction”as follows:vIn cover,please
19、debit our account with youRemitting bankPaying bankIn cover,please debit our account with youGBP accountvBoth paying bank and remitting bank have maintained USD account with XYZ Bank,New York.suppose an outward remittance in USD is made,you should write“cover instruction”as follows:vIn cover we have
20、 authorized XYZ Bank,New York to debit our account and credit your account with them.Remitting bankPaying bankIn cover we have authorized XYZ Bank,New York to debit our account and credit your account with them.XYZ bankOpen USDaccountOpen USDaccountvRemitting bank and paying bank have not maintained
21、 account with each other,nor have kept both the accounts with a third Bank.suppose an outward remittance is made,you should write“cover instruction”as follows:vIn cover we have instructed X Bank to remit proceeds to you.vUsing draft to Reimburse Remittance CoverRefundmentvThe refundment the remitter
22、 claimes remitting bank inform paying bank revocation paying bank inform remitting bank refund remittancevIf the remittance had been paid,refuse the claimvIf the payee apply,do with refusing gatheringQuestion vHow to refund if we using D/D to remit?Types of RemittancevPayment in Advance vPayment aft
23、er Arrival of the Goods Types of RemittancevPayment in Advance which is adopted in international trade is usually effected by remittance,and is advantageous to exporter.Types of RemittancevPayment after Arrival of the Goods which is adopted in international trade is usually effected by remittance to
24、o,and is advantageous to importer.汇款案例汇款案例 2001年5月18日，国内某外贸公司与加拿大一家公司经中间人介绍签订了一份金额为39万美元的贸易合同，合同规定：由进口方开出即期不可撤销的信用证向出口方付款。但过了合同规定的开证日期仍未见进口方开来信用证，经出口方的催问，对方称：“证已开出，请速备货”。然而，临近约定的装运期前一周，出口方还未收到信用证。出口方再次查询，对方才告知“因开证行与出口方银行并无业务代理关系，故此证已开往有代理关系的某地银行转交”。此时，船期已到，因合同规定货物需运抵加拿大，而此航线每月只有一班船，若错过这一次船期，则要推迟至下一个
25、月才能装船，这样，将造成利息和费用的损失。这时，进口方提出改用电汇方式把货款汇来，以促成该笔生意。鉴于以上情况，出口方只好同意并要求对方提供汇款凭证传真件，确认后马上发货。次日，进口方便传来了银行的汇款凭证，出口方财务人员持该传真件到银行核对签字无误后，以为款项已汇出，便安排货物装船。但货物出运后十多天，出口方财会人员查询时才发现货款根本未到帐。原来，该进口方瞄准出口方急于销货的心理，先购买一张小额汇票，涂改后，再传真过来，冒充电汇凭证，蒙骗出口方，使其遭受重大损失。v评析评析:汇款诈骗，是指诈骗者表面是正常贸易，实际上蓄意伪造、涂改信汇或电汇凭证，谎称已支付或汇出货款，企图诱使出口企业发货，
26、以骗取其出口货物的不法行为。根据美国银行的资料，全世界平均每年伪造的票据就有5亿张之多。20世纪90年代的每一年中，伪造票据对美国境内银行造成的损失约为13亿美元。1989年以来，我国各地也发生多起利用票据进行诈骗的案件，给外贸企业及银行造成巨大损失。v 此案例中，诈骗者首先以买方身份在正常贸易的幌子下，与出口企业（卖方）签订买卖合同，且规定采用信用证结算方式。然后诈骗者看准时机后，别有用心地将信用证结算方式改为汇款方式，并设法伪造、涂改汇款凭证，刻意制造货款已汇出的假象，哄骗卖方尽快地发货。其目的就是要骗取出口企业的出口货物。而本案例中的国内出口商不明真相，只凭中间人介绍或仅听对方信口开河，就草率签约，又急于求成，在对方的诱惑下，盲目发货，并误以为货款已收妥。这种诈骗案中的“汇款凭证”其实只是一些加盖银行假印章的进账单，或者是经过涂改、变造的汇票复印件和汇款委托书传真件。v汇款属于国际结算方式之一，它对促进国际贸易的发展具有十分重要的作用。防范类似上述汇款诈骗案，v首先，从事对外贸易的人员应努力提高防诈风险意识，掌握真假汇款鉴别方法；v其次，注意调查客户的资信情况，在签合同前，委托专职、权威的咨询机构对客户进行调查，降低上当受骗的几率；v最后，出口商应加强与银行、海关和运输部门的密切配合，发现案情，迅速通报有关方面，对诈骗者严惩。
