1、Scope(范围)of civil engineerVocabulary explanationOutline of the passage Explanation of the passage Vocabulary 1 nConsultation 咨询 consultant 咨询工程师ncomprise to（包含）engineering design 工程设计nclient（业主）merits 好处nrender(提供）determine 决定 decide nRehabilitation 恢复，改进ntechnical investigation 技术调查 analysis 分析hydr
2、ographic studies 水文地质研究nfeasibility 可行性 planning 规划Vocabulary 2 nBudgetary control 预算性控制nbudgetary planning 预算编制nBudgetary structure 预算结构nProceed with 继续进行nconstruction project 工程项目nPreliminary 初步的 sketches 草图na master plan总图 propose 提议 nSchedule 安排nAvailable 可利用的 funds 资金.Vocabulary 3 design 设计 sub
3、divide 再分为Schematic 纲要）.be continuous 继续 enable sb.to visualize 使直观化 implementation 实施 additions 添加Change 变更 consist of 由 组成 specifications 规范 contracts 合同Vocabulary 4 nTender construction bids（投标）n award contract(授标）,n administer（管理）nfield consultation(现场咨询）non-site inspection（工地视察）obligation（义务）nd
4、esign contract（设计合同）periodic（定期）ninsurance（确保）clarifying drawings（解释图纸）n equipment catalogue(设备项目）n contractor（承包商）shop drawings（施工图n for compliance with（符合）comply with Vocabulary 5 nresident engineer（驻场工程师）nengineering representative（工程代表）nquality control(质量保证）ncontractors（承包商)nsubcontractors（分包商）n
5、 interpretation（解释）nConstruction management （CM）（施工管理）ninflationary（通货膨胀）nretained（保留）nproject designer(项目设计师）vocabulary 6nproperty（资产）ntechnical reports（技术报告）nappraisal of property and building values(房屋,资产评估);Outline of the passage 1passage:scope(范围)of civil engineern1 Advice and consultationknslt
6、en （建议与咨询）建议与咨询）n2.technical investigationnvestgen（技术调查）技术调查）and analysis（分析）分析）n3.planning（规划）规划）n4.design(设计）设计）n5.Construction consultation and inspection (工程咨询和检验工程咨询和检验）n6.Construction management （CM）（）（施工管理）施工管理）n7.Other service（其他服务项目）其他服务项目）1 Advice and consultation（建议与咨询）Advice and consulta
7、tion This phrase may comprise to（包含）more than an expression of the consultants(咨询工程师的）opinion based on experience and technical knowledge（专业知识）.Normally,detailed（详尽的）engineering design（工程设计）is not an element in this phase;but the engineer may advice a client（业主）on the merits（好处）of undertaking a new
8、project and on its related technical consideration.Or this phrase may just be the rendering(提供）of undertaking further studies to determine(决定）the need for repair or rehabilitation（恢复，改进）of an existing structure.2.technical investigation（技术调查）and analysis（分析）technical investigation and analysis after
9、 consultation,the engineer may undertake detailed study,such as hydrographic studies(水文地质研究）.Possible methods of construction may be considered.preparation of a feasibility(可行性）report may follow.This report usually considers economic(经济的）as well as engineering aspect.Both aspects have to be explored
10、 to enable an owner(业主）to decide whether or not to undertake a project.3.planning（规划）planning（规划）if,on the basis of a feasibility(可行性)report or other information,the owner decides to proceed(继续进行)with the construction project(工程项目）,the planning phase(规划阶段）is started.Planning must be considered separ
11、ately（分开）from design.If,for instance,a plant or complex of structures is being develop,planning includes rough preliminary(初步的）sketches（草图）and a master plan（总图）of the proposed（提议的）project.With a master plan,the owner can develop a project in stages and schedule（安排）construction according to his avail
12、able（可利用的）funds（资金）.4.1 design(设计）design(设计）this phrases can be subdivided（再分为）into schematic（纲要的）,preliminary（初步的）,and final designs.There can be a review with the owner at the end of each stage,or the review can be continuous(继续）to enable the owner to visualize（使直观化）the implementation（实施）of requir
13、ements and allow additions（添加）and changes（变更）to be made as the need arises.The completed design document consist of(由 组成）detailed plans and specifications(规范）and contracts（合同）for construction.4.2 design(设计)The designers role,however,does not end at completion of final design.Normally,the designers a
14、ct as the owners representative in taking construction bids（投标）,awarding contract(授标）,and administering（管理）construction contracts.5.1Construction consultation and inspection (工程咨询和检验）Construction consultation and inspection During the construction phrase,the engineers role covers field consultation(
15、现场咨询）and on-site inspection（工地视察）.Field consultation,normally part of the designers obligation（义务）under the design contract（设计合同）,includes periodic（定期）visit to the site,insurance（确保）of clarifying drawings（解释图纸）(if required),and check of equipment catalogue(设备项目）and contractors（承包商的）shop drawings（施工图
16、）for compliance with（符合）the contract documents.5.2 Construction consultation and inspection(工程咨询和检验）On-site representation（工地视察）consist of a resident engineer（驻场工程师）and a staff（人员）,the size(or not existence)of which depends on the nature,magnitude（大小，重要性）,and complexity（复杂性）of the project.The reside
17、nt engineers prime function is to make sure that the contractor complies with（符合）the design.5.3 Construction consultation and inspection (工程咨询和检验）By accomplishing this,the resident engineer（驻场工程师）is able to maintain quality control(质量保证）.Also,as the engineering representative（工程代表）on the site,the re
18、sident engineer（驻场工程师）is able to assist the contractors（承包商)and subcontractors（分包商）when questions arise requiring interpretation（解释）of the plans.Resident engineers are the links between the field and design offices.6.1 Construction management （CM）（施工管理）Construction management （CM）（施工管理）Due to the gr
19、owth,complexity,and inflationary（通货膨胀）costs spiral（螺旋）of construction,construction management services have evolved（逐步形成）both as traditional consulting or contracting services and as management of construction projects.A construction manager,often retained（保留）at about the same time as the project de
20、signer(项目设计师）,may commence（开始）tasks at the beginning of the design.6.2 Construction management （CM）（施工管理）The services of a construction manager may include basic program review and analysis,contractor（承包商）selection,detailed construction inspection（检查）,coordination（合作）of trades and separate construct
21、ion contractors,cost control（成本控制）,and program management（项目管理）.Acting as an owners agent,the construction manager can perform all or some of these tasks to assure（确保）the owner of project and budgetary controls（预算性控制）.n Other service(其他)nAmong the other services rendered(提供）by engineering firms are
22、preparation of technical reports（技术报告）;investigation surveys（调查）,such as land and property（资产）surveys to establish title to property;evaluate（估价)and rate studies;appraisal of property and building values(房屋,资产评估);expert testimony in court(法庭专家鉴定);and services to industry,financial institutions,and public bodies in the economic field.End of class nThank you for your attendance!
