1、The past perfect passiveIndirect speech1.The past perfect passiveEight years later,the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada.The Gulf Stream had carried it 3000 kilometers up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island.Coghlan travelled
2、 back to Canada-After he had been buried in Texas！Read the following paragraph and circle the verbs.definitionstructure强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前动作前,即即 过过去的过去。去的过去。S.+had done (动词过去分词）动词过去分词）the past in the pastpastpresentpast perfect tense (had done)He had discussed this plan before the meet
3、ing.He discussed the plan before the meeting.The plan was discussed(by him)before the meeting.This plan had been discussed(by him)before the meeting.passive voice:was/were donepassive voice:had been doneThe past perfect passive:主语主语+had been done+(by sb.)+其他其他 1.After the hurricane,Mary saw (see)tha
4、t the roof of her house had disappeared(disappear).2.She returned(return)home and found(find)all her furniture had been ruined(ruin).3.Arthur was surprised when he arrived(arrive)home because the tornado had taken(take)the features off her chickens.4.we left (leave)the house when the thunderstorm fi
5、nished(finish).5.he had tried(try)to drive back to his home before the flood passed(pass)through the village.exercises1.After the earthquake,they discovered that several people _.2.When the hurricane ended,several buildings in the town _.3.His village _ in the heavy rain,so he moved to his parents h
6、ouse.4.When she woke up,she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm.5.Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _.destroy die fall flood kill had been killed/had diedhad been destroyed/had fallen down had been flooded/had been destroyed had been destroyed had been killed/had died2.Direct and
7、 indirect speechDirect speech:直接引述别人的原话，放于引号内。Indirect speech：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放于 引号内，直接引语变间接引语，应在句式、直接引语变间接引语，应在句式、时态、语态、人称和状语等方面时态、语态、人称和状语等方面做出相应的变化。做出相应的变化。一、句式变化一、句式变化1.直接引语是陈述句时，变为间接引直接引语是陈述句时，变为间接引语时要变成以语时要变成以that引导的宾语引导的宾语从从句，句，that 在在从句中常常省略。从句中常常省略。She said,“our bus will arrive in five mi
8、nutes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.2.直接引语如果是一般疑问句，间直接引语如果是一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由接引语应改为由whether 或或if 引导引导的宾语从句。的宾语从句。He asked John whether/if he could swim.He said,“Can you swim,John?3.直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句。词引导的宾语从句。She asked me,“When do
9、 they have their dinner?She asked me when they had their dinner.4.直接引语如果是祈使句直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语中祈间接引语中祈使句的谓语动词应变成不定式，直接引使句的谓语动词应变成不定式，直接引语中的语中的say应改为应改为ask tell order等，否定句等，否定句需要在不定式前加需要在不定式前加not。“Bring me a cup of tea,please,she said to him.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.“Do not open the door,
10、please,she said to him.She asked him not to open the door.(二二)时态变化时态变化 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去式一般过去式一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时They said,“Our parents often go sopping with us.They said their parents
11、often went shopping with them.She said,”I will do it after class”.She said that she would do it after class.(三三)人称变化人称变化遵循遵循“一主、二宾、三不变一主、二宾、三不变”原则。原则。“一主一主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。变化。She said.My brother wants to go
12、 with me.“She said her brother wanted to go with her.She said,“our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.“二宾二宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中若从句中的主语及宾语是的主语及宾语是第二人称第二人称.或被第二人你所修饰或被第二人你所修饰.从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致.如如果引号外的主句没有宾语果引号外的主句没有宾语.也可
13、以用第一人也可以用第一人称称.He said to Kate.How is your sister now?“He asked Kate how her sister was then.He asked John whether/if he could swim.He said,“Can you swim,John?“三不变三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时是指直接引语变间接引语时.如果从如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化化.Mr Smith said.Jack is a good wo
14、rker.“Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.She asked me,“When do they have their dinner?She asked me when they had their dinner.（四）人称和代词的变化（四）人称和代词的变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语nowthen那时那时todaythat day那天那天tonightthat night那天晚上那天晚上this weekthat week那周那周yesterdaythe day before前一天前一天the day before yesterdaytwo da
15、ys before两天前两天前three days agothree days before三天前三天前last week the week before前一周前一周tomorrowthe next/following daynext weekthe next/following weekthis morningthat morning那个早晨那个早晨时时 间间 状状 语语直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语thisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtake地点状语地点状语动词动词指示代词指示代词Did you see her last week?He asked
16、 He asked if I had seen her the week before.“Did you see him here last night?He asked.He asked if I had seen him there the night before.Rewrite the sentences.1.Volcanic eruptions dont happen very often on the island.A scientist said that volcanic eruptions didnt happen very often on the island2.No o
17、ne was on the island during the volcanic eruption.A local journalist said that no one had been on the island during the volcanic eruption3.The thunderstorm will put out the fires.Local people said that the thunderstorm would put out the fires4.The students can go back to their homes.The governor sai
18、d that the students could go back to their homes 5.Several eruptions have taken place in the last twenty years.A local radio station said that Several eruptions had taken place in the last twenty years.6.The residents will travel back to the island when the danger is over.A local journalist said tha
19、t the residents would travel back to the island when the danger was over.1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat day2.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt l
20、eft there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here 3.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow 4.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way thi
21、s week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week5.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next time D.he willnext time 6.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise
