1、不要逼我学英语不要逼我学英语Good evening!Thank you for squeezing some time to attend this lecture.I know your time is very precious so I will try my best to shed some light on your English study and make you feel it deserves.挤参加启发值得I.Word-forming II.How to remember a new word?III.Try and TestIV.RelaxI.Word-formin
2、g1.模声法模声法（onomatopoeia）是模拟事物和行为发出的声音的一种构词方式。如：buzz就是模拟蜂鸣器发出的声音；而ouch则是模拟人突然疼痛时发出的声音。2.象形potato tomato apple orange3.借用法借用法（borrowing）就是借用外来词。有的直接借，如：bargain，cheese，pipe来自拉丁语；democracy，stadium来自希腊语；chow mein，tofu是汉语炒面，豆腐的谐音。4.重叠法重叠法（sound reduplication）即重复同一个单元或者对一个单元稍作改变再与原单元重叠。它又可分为三类：重复同一个词，如：good
3、ygoody,gogo；两个字形相近的元音稍有不同的词的重叠，如：flipflop，Ping-Pong；bowwow一般来说由此种方法构成的词都不太正式，多为口语。5.复合法复合法（compounding）复合法是将两个或者两个以上的词（或由于要适合语法而由原词转换形式而形成的词的结构）按照一定的次序排列构成新词的构词方式。运用复合法构成的词称为合成词（combining words）。Red meat6.融合法融合法（或拼接法）（Blending）融合词是对原来的两个词进行剪裁，取其中的一部分，连成一个新词。motel(motor+hotel)，autocide（automobilesuic
4、ide）7.缩略法缩略法（shorting）quake（earthquake），），fridge(refrigerator)fridge(refrigerator)8.逆生法逆生法（backformation）逆生词就是把原词词尾去掉生成新词。在这里的词尾并不是派生词中定义的后缀，所以又被称为“假后缀”。如：teachteach的原式分别是teacherteacher。II.How to remember a word quickly?-Analyze the following words:press count formRoot 词根impress discount informprefi
5、x+root 前缀+词根pressure counter formerRoot+suffix 后缀+词根impression accountant informationPrefix+root+suffix派生法 derivation派生法是通过在已有的词或词根后加上词缀的方式构成新词的方法。prefix root suffix单词的含义单词的词性 presspressuredepressexpressimpressimpressionoppresssuppress词汇大词根小词根杂词根单音节50节课Rules for Pronunciation:1.划音节：a,e,i,o,u,ymat fa
6、ceFemale procureSecurity accurateResponsibility democracy2.辨轻重：1）单音节：全部重读 mat face lot male2)双音节：一般情况，第一个音节重读。female limit outline 前后缀不影响重读。define confine impress depart名前动后 protest record3)多音节：一般情况，倒三 responsibility democracy accurate participate authority以-tion,-sion结尾的单词，-tion,-sion前面音节重读。informa
7、tion suggestion impression以-ic结尾的单词，-ic前面音节重读 athletic energetic domesticconclude conclusion orbitreception epidemic consequentobstacle conversion stockconfine 元音字母的发音规律开音节-以元音字母结尾的音节E.g.no go he Hi name bike 闭音节-以辅音字母结尾的音节E.g.Map get bed job hitr音节-元音字母+rE.g.ar er ir or ur如何划分音节Let|ter Stu|dentCu|c
8、um|bergro|ce(r|r)yEvening morning afternoon元音字母a的发音规律 开音节 闭音节 r音节 ei :name bat hard bake map bar late hat jar gate ban smart hate wax guard 元音字母e的发音规律 开音节 闭音节 r音节 i:e :me met herd be bet her he get verb元音字母i的发音规律 开音节 闭音节 r音节 ai i :bike bit bird like lit girl Hi hit birth die sit stir元音字母o的发音规律 开音节 闭
9、音节 r音节 u :no not morning go got born drove lot horse hope hot horn 元音字母u的发音规律 开音节 闭音节 r音节 ju:lute hut Thursday student but turn blue gut murmer 开音节 闭音节 r音节a ei :e i:e :i ai i :o au :u ju:字母a,o,u在非重读音节中常常会发成弱化的 Again today control Burma support difficult字母e,i,y在非重读音节中常常会发成 iBefore blanket capital civ
10、ilization silly lily特殊情况U 在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面的读音 june blueA 在W音后，want what washA 在f,n,sk,sp,ss,st 前面发音I 在-nd,-ld,-gh 前面发音，find childO 在-st,-ld前，most postcardO 在m,n,v,th 前 come monkey动词中的A 在轻读的开音节时发音英语只能速成，不能慢成，否则难成。英语只能速成，不能慢成，否则难成。换言之，英语可半年学会，十年学不会。换言之，英语可半年学会，十年学不会。I came,I saw,I conquered You came,you
11、 progressYou conquer.王国维人间词话王国维人间词话昨夜西风凋碧树。独上高楼，望尽天涯路。衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。众里寻他千百度，回头蓦见，那人正在，灯火阑珊处。III.Try and Test1.spect specialspeciallyespecialespecially expect Ex 在外面exit export explain inspect In 在里面Impress inside importexpectedunexpected-expectationprospectPro推动向前progress promoteprospectivesuspect
12、Sus在下面subway subtitle suffersuspicion suspiciousrespectRe重复review repeat recoverrespectable respectfulretrospectiveRetro回顾小结special speciallyespecial especiallyexpectexpectedunexpectedexpectationinspectsuspectsuspicion suspiciousrespectrespectableretrospective2.poseposition positive posturen.位置adj.肯
13、定的,积极的n.(身体的)姿势,体态composeCo,com,cor,cop-共同一起cooperate comrade communistcomposer-compositiondisposeDis否定前缀disappear disappointed diseasedisposableexposeimposeproposesupposevt.使暴露,揭露vt.征税,强加vt.计划,建议,vt.推想,假设,猜想opposeOp 相反opponentpurposePur跟随on purpose小结pose positionpositiveposturecomposecompositioncom
14、poserdispose disposableexposeimposesupposeproposeoppose opponentpurpose女性fem-关心 cure-家 dome-male male and femaleFemale female flower female voice female friendecological feminism生态女权主义；生态女性主义feminist feminine type voiceCURE-关心If a disease or illness is curable,it can be cured.能治愈的 Steve was intensel
15、y curious about the world I came from.CuriosityCurable incurableCuriousCuriosity Accurate procure obscure secureAccurate accurately inaccurate We require grammar and spelling to be accurate.Procure progress promote It remained very difficult to procure food,fuel,and other daily necessities.Obscure o
16、bserve The origin of the custom is obscure.The letter written in obscure language.Secure separate demands for secure wages and employment.They are now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport security.security departmentDome-圆形屋顶Domestic domestic market domestic violence.domestic flig
17、htdominate The book is expected to dominate the best-seller lists.这本书预期将占据畅销书榜首的位置。Domain public domain domain name -fine 限制Fine There is a fine view of the countryside.有一幅美丽的乡村景色。Lina is fine and sends you her love and best wishes.She was fined$300 and banned from driving for one month.她被罚款$300，并被禁
18、止驾车1个月。Confine con-com-cor-co-共同I hate to be confined in the office.confinementDefine de-decide destroy decreaseThis booklet defines the committees functions.这本小册子说明该委员会的职能。How do you define yourself?你如何定义你自己?Definition Definite indefiniteDefinite reply Definite answerFinish finished unfinishedFinal
19、 final exam World Cup Final Finance He does not understand finance at all.他对财务一窍不通。Financial financial crisis 金融危机；财政危机 financial management 财务管理；金融管理-fineConfineDefineDefinitionDefiniteIndefiniteFinish finished unfinishedFinal Finance financialLimit-limitation Limit limited unlimited limitlessThere
20、 is no limit to how much fresh fruit you can eat in a day.你一天内能吃多少新鲜水果并无上限。a limited amount of time The future holds limitless promise.未来有着无限的希望。preliminaryPre-preview prewar predict preparePreliminary stage/testEliminate eliminationI was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals.我在400米半决赛中被
21、淘汰了。Recent measures have not eliminated discrimination in employment.sublimeSubtitle subwayEverything in Heaven should be utterly sublime.天堂里的一切都应当是绝对庄严的。Sublime musicOutline underline The mayor outlined his plan to clean up the towns image.市长概述了他清理整顿该市形象的计划。limitLimit limited unlimited limitless li
22、mitationPreliminaryEliminateSublimeoutlineTerm-Determine determination determined The size of the chicken pieces will determine the cooking time.We must take into our own hands the determination of our future.His enemies are determined to ruin him.他的敌人决意要毁了他。exterminateA huge effort was made to exte
23、rminate the rats.花了大气力来消灭这些老鼠。ExterminationExternal internal Vitamins can be applied externally to the skin.维他命可以外用于皮肤上。The country stepped up internal security.该国加强了国内安全防卫。Term-DetermineDetermined determinationExterminate exterminationInternal externaldevelopDevelopDevelopmentDeveloped developingUn
24、derdevelopedIts hard to say at this stage how the market will develop.在现阶段很难说市场会如何发展Pete-CompeteCompetitionCompetitiveCompetitorcompetentcompeteKangaroos compete with sheep and cattle for sparse supplies of food and water.袋鼠与绵羊和牛争夺为数不多的食物和水的供应。Competition fierce competition Competitive advantage/spi
25、ritCompetentHe was a loyal and very competent civil servant.他是一个忠诚、很有能力的公务员。appetiteHe has a healthy appetite.他有健康的胃口。his appetite for success.他的成功欲望。Perpetual snowThis is my perpetual loyalty to my faith.这是我对自己信仰永恒的忠诚。Petitionjoint petition共同呈请书；共同申请Online Petition在线请愿；网上签名Pete-CompeteCompetitionCo
26、mpetitiveCompetitorCompetentAppetitePerpetualpetition-pan-Companyholding company控股公司；parent company母公司；总公insurance company保险公司accompanyKen agreed to accompany me on a trip to Africa.肯同意陪我去非洲旅行。CompanionFred had been her constant companion for the last six years of her life.panoramaThe play presents
27、a panorama of the history of communism.这出戏展现了共产主义历史的全貌PanicAn earthquake has hit the capital,causing damage to buildings and panic among the population.PhantomThey vanished down the stairs like two phantoms.他们像两个幽灵似的下楼不见了。-pan-Company accompany companionPanorama panic phantom-pare-Compare comparison
28、 comparativeHow does your bike compare with mine?Mans life is often compared to candle.Prepareprepare for the worst 作最坏的打算 Preparation preparatorydisparityregional disparity 地区差异 Apparatus breathing apparatus呼吸器；Separate secureThey are now making plans to form their own separate party.Her parents se
29、parated when she was very young.在她很小的时候，父母就分居了。Separable separationparademilitary parade阅兵；阅兵式-pare-Compare prepareDisparityApparatusSeparateparade-equ-Equal unequal equatein a population having equal numbers of men and women One should not equate wealth with happiness.人们不应把财富等同于幸福。Adequate inadequa
30、te adequatelyShe is prepared to offer me an amount adequate to purchase another house.她准备好了给我一笔足以购买另一所房子的钱。EquivalentMr.Lis pay is the equivalent of about$80 a month.李先生的报酬大约等于每月80美元。equalEqual unequal equate equivalentAdequate inadequate Adequately adequacy-liber-Liberate liberation liberatorThey p
31、lanned to march on and liberate the city.他们打算继续前进解放这座城市。liberalShe is known to have liberal views on divorce.libertylibertystatue of liberty n.自由女神 individual liberty 个人自由 personal liberty 人身自由；个人自由 DeliberateIt looks as if the blaze was started deliberately.看来那场火是有人故意放的。-liber-LiberateLiberationLib
32、eratorLiberalLibertydeliberate-bar-You should bar the door before retiring for the night.你晚上睡前应闩上门。The police barred the exits in an attempt to prevent the terrorists escape.警察堵住了各出口，以防恐怖分子逃跑。embargoThe government embargoes the enemy ships.该国政府禁止敌船出入其港口。the issue of weapons embargo embarrassHis bad
33、table manners embarrassed her.他的不雅的吃相使她很尴尬。embarrassed 尴尬的；窘迫的embarrassing 使人尴尬的；令人为难的n.embarrassment 窘迫，难堪He was so embarrassed!他是如此的尴尬He tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题structureThe structure has an indefinite life.这是一座永久性的建筑物。the structure of the human body infrastucturemark
34、et infrastucture市场机制Related Infrastucture相关基础设施constructHis company recently constructed an office building in downtown Denver.他的公司最近在丹佛市中心建造了一座办公楼。the downturn in the construction industry.建造业的衰退。destruction obstructionweapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器 environmental destruction 环境破坏 obstruction
35、of justice 妨碍司法公正；阻碍司法 John was irritated by drivers parking near his house and causing an obstruction.约翰被众司机在他房子附近停车而造成阻塞所激怒。Instruct instructionto instruct somebody in English教某人英语instructor 指导书；教员；指导者instructive 有益的；教育性的instrumentmusical instrument乐器 instrumentalIn his first years as chairman he
36、was instrumental in raising the companys wider profile.在刚担任董事长的头几年，他在提升公司形象方面发挥了作用。-struct-structureinfrastructureconstructiondestructionObstructioninstructioninstrumentinstrumental-stitute-constituteListening,speaking,reading,then writing constitute the fundamental order in language learning.听、说、读、
37、写是学习语言的根本顺序。constitutioninstituteengineering institute工业学院；工学院Research Institute研究所；研究院There is a middle school attached to the institute.这个学院附设一所中学。institutionfinancial institution 金融机构 institution of higher learning 高等学校 prostituteShe prostituted herself in order to support her children.The spy wa
38、s caught by a policewoman who posed as a prostitute substitute subway subtitle sublimeThe coach let me substitute No.9 in the second half.下半场，教练让我替下了9号。Nothing could substitute for mothers milk.substitute teacher 代课老师-stitute-constituteprostituteinstituteinstitutionsubstituteperson personal personne
39、lhis own personal experience.Thats my personal opinion.Personnel Manager人事部经理；职员经理 Personnel Security人员安全；人事保安 personnel departmentcenter central centralize concentrate It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself.You must concentrate all your energies on the study of
40、 English.你必须集中全力学习英语。eccentricHe is an eccentric character who likes wearing a beret and dark glasses.他是个怪人，喜欢戴贝雷帽和墨镜。-cracy-autocracy autography autobiographydemocracy democratic bureaucracy the Federal Bureau of Investigation.-reg-region regionalautonomous region 自治区 special administrative region
41、government特区政府regulate regular regulationWe must try our best to regulate our expenditure.我们必须尽力控制开支。market regulation 市场调节；市场监管；市场管理 financial regulation 金融监管；财务监管 Get regular exercise.定期进行锻炼。She was taken to a hospital suffering from an irregular heartbeat.她因心律不齐而被送进医院。-reg-regionregionalregularir
42、regularregulateregulation-order-Most schools are extremely unwilling to cut down on staff in order to cut costs.The doctor ordered you to stay in bed.医生叮嘱你要卧床休息。Ive ordered some new dresses for you.我为你定购了几套衣服。The soldier disobeyed an order.这名士兵违抗了命令。Coordinate subordinateYou must coordinate the move
43、ments of your arms and legs when swimming.游泳时你必须使臂和腿的动作相协调。In the army,lieutenants are subordinate to captains.在陆军中,中尉是上尉的下级。to subordinate work to pleasure把工作置于享乐之下Ordinary extraordinary ordinary train普通列车 ordinary people I am an extraordinary person.我是一个非凡的人。Look for the extraordinary in the ordin
44、aryorderDisorderCoordinate coordinator coordinationSubordinateOrdinaryextradinary-cern-放 concerned concerningConcernThis matter concerns all of us.这件事与我们每个人都有关系More than two students have been concerned in this affair.这件事情牵涉到两个以上的学生。Her illness concerns her parents.她的病使她的父母很担心。He heard nothing conce
45、rning this matter.关于这件事他什么都没听到。discernHe could discern a faint light ahead in the forest.他能看到前面森林里有一线微弱的灯光。She is incapable of discerning right from wrong.她不能分辨是非。Value invaluable valuationI always valued his advice.我一贯尊重他的意见。His work has no value.他的工作没有价值。他的工作没有价值。valuable experience宝贵的经验宝贵的经验 Inva
46、luable Resource无价资源Evaluate evaluationto evaluate the results of an experiment对实验结果进行鉴定Devalue Lets not devalue her work unjustly.我们不要不公正地贬低她的工作。Valid invalidThis train ticket is valid for three days.这张车票3日内有效。-preci-Precious Time is precious to me.Appreciate depreciateto appreciate good wineThe com
47、puter depreciated$500 since last year.从去年以来每台电脑跌价 500 美元。Depreciate currency-nome-Autonomous autonomy Autonomous regionPhenomenon phenomenaHow do you explain this phenomenon?这种现象怎样解释?-norm-Norm normal abnormal social norm社会规范；社会常模 Her temperature soon returned to normal.她的体温很快恢复正常。That is simply abn
48、ormal.那简直是反常的Enormous enormously The main bedroom is enormous.主卧室大极了。normNormNormalAbnormalenormous-cert-Certain certainly uncertainCertifyTwo witnesses must certify that this is your signature.必须有两个证人证明这是你的签字。Certificatehealth certificate健康证书 birth certificate出生证明-sure-Sure I am sure you can get wi
49、th it if you try.如果你试一试的话，我相信你一定能适应。Assure ensure insureJack assured himself that they did as they were told.杰克确信他们是按照要求的那样去干的。No one can ensure that hell come.没有人能保证他会来。He was insured against death.他给自己保了人寿险。medical insurance医疗保险unemployment insurance失业保险Absurd What an absurd idea!多么荒唐的念头!Leisure P
50、lease read it over at your leisure.请你在闲暇时候读一读。SureAssureEnsureInsure insuranceAbsurdleisureIdentity identify identified unidentified identical-ident-His real identity was surprised by me.我无意间发现了他的真实身份He identified his baggage among hundreds of others.他在几百件行李中认出了自己的行李。My opinion is identical with his
