1、Lesson 3 Marco PoloUnit 8 Adventure必修三必修三 To review relative clause To compare and distinguish defining and non-defining relative clauses To practise defining words by their usage in context To practise reading for specific informationObjectivesPart IPre-readinga)He was a French traveller who lived
2、in Italy for some time.b)He was an Italian traveller who lived in China for some time.Have you heard about Marco Polo?Which of the following do you think is true about Marco Polo?Born:in 1254,Venice,Venetian Republic Died:January 8,1324(aged 69),Venice,Venetian Republic Nationality:Venetian(Italian)
3、Occupation:Merchant,Explorer Known for:The Travels of Marco Polo Map of the journey The church building in Venice,where Polo is buried.The photo was taken after the church was rebuilt.Polo in costumeMarco PoloThe Travels of Marco Polo is the usual English title of Marco Polos travel book,nicknamed I
4、I Milione.A miniature(微缩模型；缩影微缩模型；缩影)from II Milione.Marco Polo travelled to China with his father and uncle over the Silk Road which was an overland route to China.He worked for Kublai Khan,the Mongol Emperor,for seventeen years.Kublai Khan(September 23,1215 February 18,1294)(Chinese:忽必烈忽必烈),was th
5、e fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294 and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty.Part IIFirst-readingMarco Polo and His TravelsPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Marco Polos early lifeMarco returned to ItalyInventions and developments in ChinaKublai Khan welcomed MarcoMarco was amazed
6、at ChinaPeoples reaction to Marcos stories1.Match the paragraphs with their main ideas.1)Which of the following is the CORRECT time order of the events that happened to Marco?a.He was caught in a war in Italy.b.He arrived in Beijing.c.He served in the Chinese Emperors court.d.He told stories about C
7、hina to an author.A.bdca B.bcda C.bcad D.abcdAnswer:C2.Choose the best answers:2)What CANNOT be found in Europe during the time when Marco was in China?A.Gold.B.Market.C.Trade.D.Paper money.3)What does the word“serve”in the second paragraph mean?A.To work or perform ones duties.B.To offer food.C.To
8、help a customer.D.To be suitable for a purpose.Answers:D A4)According to the last two paragraphs,Marco _.A.wrote a book about China himselfB.made up false stories about ChinaC.became wealthy when he returned to ItalyD.didnt take part in the local warAnswers:C3.Read the text.Are these statements true
9、(T)or false(F)?1.Kublai Khan trust Marco polo very much.2.People began using coal as fuel during the Yuan dynasty.TF3.The Hall in the Summer Palace can contain 6,000 people having dinner together.4.China was more developed than Europe at that time when Marco travelled to China.TT5.It was not long be
10、fore he arrived in Italy that a local war broke out near his town.6.Marco Polo wrote The Description of the World before he died.FFPart IIISecond-readingRead the passage again and answer the following questions.1)Why did Marco and his father travel to China?Because Marcos father wanted to do trade w
11、ith the Chinese.2)Why was the Emperor impressed with Marco?3)Why was Marco surprised to see people using paper money?4)What were the black stones Marco saw people burning for fuel?Because Marco was very clever and could already speak four languages.Because in Europe people paid for goods with gold o
12、r silver.They were coal.5)How long did Marco spend in China?6)Why was he imprisoned when he went back to Italy?7)What was the name of his book?For 17 years.Because a local war had broken out.During the war he was captured by the enemy.The Description of the World.Name:Born(when/where):Came to China(
13、when):Languages(how many):Marco Polo1254,Italy12714Fill out the following form about Marco Polo.Worked in China(how many years):Returned to Italy(when):Age of his death:The name of his book:17 129170The Description of the WorldFill out the following form about Marco Polo.Part IVSummary Marco Polo wa
14、s 17 years old,he travelled across Europe and Asia with 1._ who wanted to do 2._ with the Chinese.When they arrived in Beijing,the Emperor 3._ them.Marco,who was very clever and could speak four languages,4._ the Emperor and they became friends.The Emperor sent him to do many 5._.his fathertradewelc
15、omedimpressedimportant tasks Marco was amazed by how beautiful and 6._ China was.He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperors Palace,especially 7._,whose walls were covered in gold and silver.There were 8._ in China which didnt exist in Europe at that time.Marco was surprised to see Chinese peo
16、ple using 9._ in the markets.He was also confused by the black stones people used to 10._.powerfulthe Summer Palaceinventions and developspaper moneyburn for fuel In 1291,Marco returned to Italy.Not long after his return,Marco was caught by the enemy in a local war and 11._.He told his stories about
17、 China to another prisoner who was 12._.He noted them down and wrote them into a book,which became one of the 13._ books in Europe.Many people thought the stories were 14._ although they enjoyed reading it.put into prisonan authorbest-sellingnot truePart VVocabulary1.Read the passage again and match
18、 the words in the box with their definitions.a)in turnb)wealthyc)authord)break oute)stand by1)start2)as a result3)insist that something is true4)writer5)rich2.Complete the sentences using the words in the box.1)He became _ through hard work and careful saving.2)He is a successful _.He has already wr
19、itten three best selling novels.in turn,wealthy,author,break out,stand bywealthyauthor3)The president told the reporter that he wanted to _ his earlier statement.4)In the past,without clean running water,disease would often _ in cities.5)The customer praised the manager,who,_ praised his staff.stand
20、 bybreak outin turnPart VIParaphrase1.He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.=People used a kind of black stones.The stones could burn and were used as fuel.He was also confused by these black stones.他也对人们用作燃料的黑色石头感到困他也对人们用作燃料的黑色石头感到困惑不解。惑不解。结构分析结构分析people used to burn
21、 for fuel是省略引导是省略引导词词that/which的定语从句，用来修饰的定语从句，用来修饰the black stones。若还原了引导词，则。若还原了引导词，则that/which作作used的宾语，定语从句部的宾语，定语从句部分的分的to和和for都表示目的。都表示目的。2.Marco was asked the question,“Was it all true?”,to which he replied,“I have only told half of what I saw!”=People asked Marco,“Was it all true?”He replied
22、,“Yes.I have only told part of what I saw.Other parts are more unbelievable.”有人问马可：有人问马可：“你讲的故事都是真的你讲的故事都是真的吗？吗？”他回答道：他回答道：“我讲的只是我所看我讲的只是我所看到的一半。到的一半。”结构分析结构分析直接引语直接引语“Was it all true?”作作 the question的同位语；的同位语；to which he replied是是定语从句，修饰前面的定语从句，修饰前面的 the question，其，其中中to位置移到了关系代词位置移到了关系代词which之前。之前
23、。what I saw是名词性从句，在此处作是名词性从句，在此处作of的的宾语。宾语。be impressed by/with sb./sth.对对.印印象深刻象深刻；为为所打动所打动I was quite impressed by the wide variety of exhibitions they have.Mr.Smith said that he would like to offer me the job because he was impressed by my abilities.1.The Emperor was impressed by him and they bec
24、ame friends.34Part VIILanguage Points sth./sb.impress sb.给给留下深刻的印象留下深刻的印象 She impressed me as a scholar.The woman impressed me most unfavorably.His words impressed deeply on my memory.2.Not long after his return,a local war broke out near his town.他回去后不久，在他的家乡附近爆发了他回去后不久，在他的家乡附近爆发了一场区域性的战争。一场区域性的战争。
25、点拨点拨break out（指火灾、疾病、战争、暴动、（指火灾、疾病、战争、暴动、暴乱等坏事）突然发生，爆发（没有被暴乱等坏事）突然发生，爆发（没有被动形式）如：动形式）如：Bird flu broke out in Vietnam.比较比较take place（通常指（通常指“变化变化”）发生（没）发生（没有被动形式）有被动形式）happen（通常指偶然的事件或事故）发（通常指偶然的事件或事故）发生（没有被动形式）生（没有被动形式）即时即时演练演练1)A big earthquake _ in Tangshan in 1976,which caused great damage.2)Grea
26、t changes _ in our city,which encourages us a lot.3)This morning a car accident _ on the bridge.broke outhave taken placehappenedoccur 作作“发生、想到、突然想起发生、想到、突然想起”解，其解，其意义相当于意义相当于 happen。例：。例：What has occurred?(=What has happened?)A big earthquake occurred(=happened)in the south of China last month.It o
27、ccurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house.温馨提示：温馨提示：Sth.occur to sb./it occur to sb.that“某人突然想起某人突然想起”come about 表示表示“发生、产生发生、产生”，多指事情，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。例：问句和否定句。例：When Mother woke up,she didnt know what had come about.Ill never understand how it
28、 came about that you were late three times a week.Do you know how the air accident came about?温馨提示：温馨提示：How did it come about that.?/How come?“某事情是这样发生的，怎么会发某事情是这样发生的，怎么会发生生样的事情？样的事情？”1.Three terrible car accidents _ on this road by the end of last month A.took place B.were taken place C.had taken p
29、lace D.had been taken placeC2.Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?Something _ to him.Amust happen Bshould have happened Ccould have happened Dmust have happenedD3.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if they _ yesterday.A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happenedD4.I _along th
30、e street looking for a place to park when the accident _ Awent;was occurring Bwent;occurred Cwas going;occurred Dwas going;had occurredC5.Its already 10 oclock.I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.A.came over B.came out C.came about D.came up6.Please tell me how the acc
31、ident _.I am still in the dark.A.came by B.came upon C.came to D.came aboutCD7.The computer system _ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.A.broke down B.broke out C.broke up D.broke in8.I was still sleeping when the fire _,and then it spread quickly.A.broke out B.put out C
32、.came out D.got out AA3.He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.点拨点拨 Quantity 作名词，表示作名词，表示“数量；量数量；量”；in huge/large quantities 表示表示“大量大量”。又如：又如：The cost of our products can be lower if they are produced in large quantities.如果大批量生产的话，我们的产品的成如果大批量生产的话，我们的产品的成本会降低。本会降低。拓展拓展(1)a quan
33、tity of 表示表示“一些一些”；(2)与与quantity形似的形似的quality表示表示“质量质量”。如：如：A large quantity of products was produced in a short time,so the quality of them couldnt be guaranteed.因为在短时间内生产出了大量的产品，所因为在短时间内生产出了大量的产品，所以它们的质量没有保证。以它们的质量没有保证。即时即时演练演练 翻译句子翻译句子:(1)卸下卸下(unload)一些石油后，那艘船重一些石油后，那艘船重新启航了。新启航了。(2)介绍您的商品时请把数量、质
34、量、价介绍您的商品时请把数量、质量、价格包括进去。格包括进去。The ship set sail again after unloading a quantity of oil.When introducing your product,please include its quantity,quality and price.4.Marco,in turn,was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.点拨点拨 in turn 表示表示“依次；轮流依次；轮流”。又如：。又如：We clean the classroom in turn.
35、我们轮流打扫教室。我们轮流打扫教室。in turn 在课文原句中可理解为在课文原句中可理解为“轮到；轮到；反过来反过来”。拓展拓展包含包含turn的常见搭配还有：的常见搭配还有：by turns 轮流轮流take turns(in)doing sth/take turns to do sth 轮流干某事轮流干某事its ones turn to do sth 轮到某人干某事轮到某人干某事即时演练即时演练 完成句子。完成句子。(1)My brother and I do the housework _(轮流轮流).(2)We _(轮流轮流)to look after the child.(3)I
36、ts _(轮到我轮到我们值日们值日)today.in turn take turns our turns to be on duty 5.But Marco always stood by his tales.点拨点拨 stand by在此处表示在此处表示“忠于忠于；坚持；坚持；支持支持”。又如：。又如：He stands by what he said.他坚持他说的话。他坚持他说的话。拓展拓展(1)stand by还可以表示还可以表示“袖手旁观袖手旁观”。如：。如：I cannot just stand by when someone I know is suffering.我认识的人受苦时
37、，我不可能袖手旁观。我认识的人受苦时，我不可能袖手旁观。(2)包含包含stand的常见搭配还有：的常见搭配还有：stand for 代表代表stand out 突出；显眼突出；显眼即时演练即时演练 完成句子。完成句子。(1)Dont just _.Come and give me a hand.(2)It is easy to identify,because its obvious colour makes it _.(3)Each flag hanging here _ an organization that has participated in the activity.stand
38、by stand outstand for Relative Clauses(II)GrammarPart VIIIGrammarRelative Clauses(III)Defining And Non-Defining ClausesThere are two kinds of relative clauses:defining clauses and non-defining clauses.Defining clauses identify nouns or pronouns:they make clear which person or thing,etc,is being refe
39、rred to.Examples:1.The girl who is playing tennis is my friend.2.This is the place where I hid the key.3.She still remembers the time when she noticed the car was missing.4.They are the people whose houses caught fire.Non-defining relative clauses give extra information which is not necessary to the
40、 meaning of the sentence.These clauses needs commas(,).Examples:1.My friend,who is playing tennis,comes from Ethiopia.2.The accident,which happened yesterday,has led to three deaths.3.The building,where an important conference is being held,is in the center of the city.4.There was a delicious smell
41、coming from the restaurant nearby,which made us all feel hungry.5.The professor gave me a lot of advice,from which I benefit a lot.In non-defining clauses,relative pronoun which can refer to an entire sentence.1.Its very difficult to give up smoking,which is why my father failed several times.2.It i
42、s snowing heavily,which makes children feel excited.which=Its very difficult to give up smoking.which=It is snowing heavily.3.There were no buses at such a late hour,which meant we would have to walk home.4.The river is seriously polluted,which has caused much public attention.which=There were no bu
43、ses at such a late hour.which=The river is seriously polluted.6.Underline the relative clauses in these sentences and decide if they are defining(D)or non-defining(ND).Translate them into Chinese.1.Marco Polo,who was a merchant,travelled all round China.2.He went to a city where iron was produced in
44、 huge quantities.NDD3.The bus which was full of tourists stopped near the Leaning Tower of Pisa.4.Melissa lent me the money,which was very generous of her.5.The ground is covered with snow and ice,which makes driving very dangerous.6.I met the famous professor in the hotel,where the meeting was held
45、.DNDNDND7.Join the sentences using a suitable relative pronoun and decide if the new sentence has a defining(D)or a non-defining(ND)clause.Example:1.Marco Polo was healthy and strong when he left for China.He was just seventeen.Marco Polo,who was just seventeen at the time,was healthy and strong whe
46、n he left for China.(ND)2.On the silk Road they met a merchant.The merchant was selling leopard skins.3.Marco finally arrived back in Venice.He was forty-one by then.On the Silk Road they met a merchant who was selling leopard skins.(D)Marco,who was forty-one by then,finally arrived back in Venice.(
47、ND)4.Kublai Kahn was a ruler.He was feared by many people.5.Mary had never been to Beijing before.She loved the Forbidden City.Kublai Kahn was a ruler who was feared by many people.(D)Mary,who loved the Forbidden City,had never been to Beijing before.(ND)6.Alison was the student.She wrote the projec
48、t about Marco Polo.7.That is the place.Marco Polo lived there.Alison was the student who wrote the project about Marco Polo.(D)That is the place where Marco Polo lived.(D)1.This is the engineer(给我们作关于计算机报给我们作关于计算机报告的告的)_the other day.2.My necklace is not _(唯一不见的东西唯一不见的东西).3.The man _(在这间在这间房子里工作的房子里
49、工作的)is a chemist.who gave us a talk about computersthe only thing thatswho works in the roomComplete the sentences.missing4.The old building _(我们住的我们住的)has been here for 30 years.5.The history book _(封封皮是黄的皮是黄的)was lost.6.Here is the pen _(你昨天丢失的你昨天丢失的).7.This is the best book_(我所读过的我所读过的).(that/whi
50、ch)we live inwhose cover is yellow(that)I have read(that)you lost yesterday8.I have lost the pen _（我父亲给我买的（我父亲给我买的).9.Wheat is a plant _(中国北方种植的中国北方种植的).10.I dont like the people _(说得多可做得少的说得多可做得少的).(which/that)my which/that is grownwho talk toofather bought mein the north of Chinamuch but do little
