1、句子种类句子种类按句子的用途分 按句子的结构分陈述句疑问句祈使句简单句并列句复合句感叹句句子成分句子成分 主语主语:行为主体，句子描述的主体行为主体，句子描述的主体 谓语谓语:主语发出的动作主语发出的动作 宾语宾语:动作的承受者动作的承受者 定语定语:用来修饰名词、代词用来修饰名词、代词 状语状语:时间、地点、原因等时间、地点、原因等 表语表语:表示主语表示主语“是什么是什么”“”“怎么样怎么样”句子成分句子成分 主语：主语：You beat him.谓语谓语:You beat him.宾语宾语:You beat him.定语定语:You beat the bad boy.状语状语:You b
2、eat him at home.表语表语:He is bad./He is a boy.句子结构句子结构主主+系系+表表主主+不及物动词不及物动词主主+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主主+及物动词及物动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾主主+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语主主+谓谓+宾宾主语主语(Subject)是全句谈论的中心话题是全句谈论的中心话题v1.Mr.Chen is a well-known scientist.v2.He works very hard at schoolv3.To go to a good university is his first goal.v4.Doing mor
3、ning exercise is good for your health._名词名词代词代词不定式不定式动名词动名词谓语谓语(Predicate)是回答主语做什么是回答主语做什么,怎么了尾于主语后怎么了尾于主语后v1.We love China.v2.We have finished reading this book.v3.He can speak English.v4.She seems tired._宾语宾语(object)是动作的对象是动作的对象,目标目标;位于及物动词后位于及物动词后.v1.She is doing her homework now.v2.We love watch
4、ing football games._英语中那些成分可以充当宾语英语中那些成分可以充当宾语v1.We often help him.v2.He likes to play basketball.v3.We enjoy listening to the music.v4.She said that he felt sick.v5.They are talking about the new student._代词代词名词名词动名词动名词从句从句注意注意:位于介词之后的成分也被称之位于介词之后的成分也被称之为宾语为宾语._宾语补足语宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明是对宾语进行补充说明宾语和宾语补足
5、语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语复合宾语v1.They elected John monitor.v2.We call him Iron Ox.v3.The doctor told me to do more exercise.v4.They made her happy.v5.He is going to have hair cut.v6.They saw a bird flying in the sky._ _哪些动词后需接复合宾语的？哪些动词后需接复合宾语的？ask/tell/teach/help/order sb to do let/make/have sb do英语中有一类
6、词叫英语中有一类词叫系动词系动词,与系动词连用的叫与系动词连用的叫系表结构系表结构,说明主语的状态说明主语的状态,性质等性质等.v1.I am a teacher.v2.They are on the playground.v3.My job is teaching English.v4.It gets cold.v5.It sounds interesting._常见的系动词有常见的系动词有be 动词动词,有有get,become,turn,grow 等表等表“变得变得”的词的词,和感观动词和感观动词(除了除了sound你还能举例吗你还能举例吗?)_v常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来
7、）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）定语定语是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词v1.The black bike is mine.v2.She is a chemistry teacher.v3.The man in blue is my brother.v4.The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.v5.The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher._
8、单词单词词组词组词组词组从句从句单词单词_v1.The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.v2.We didnt meet anybody new at the meeting.v3.The boy,tired,hungry and thirsty,fell down on the beach.v4.He is a man suitable for the job._你能归纳出定语的位置吗你能归纳出定语的位置吗?_定语定语说明名词特点说明名词特点,性质性质;状语状语则说明则说明 动词何如何动词何如何.v1.We of
9、ten help him.v2.I really dont like the food.v3.He did his homework carefully vat home.v4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.v5.When I grow up,I am going to be a doctor._状语说明了动词的哪些方面的特点状语说明了动词的哪些方面的特点?v 英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：（主谓
10、宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：v （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：v （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型一基本句型一 主谓主谓（S+V）S+VvShe cooks.vHe is working.vWhat he said does not matter.vThe pen writes smoothly.基本句型一基本句型一 主谓主谓SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.基本句型二基本句型二 主系表主系表vS+V+PvHe is happy.vEvery
11、 thing looks nice.vHis face turned red.基本句型二基本句型二 主系表主系表SVPHeishappy.Everything looksnice.His faceturnedred.基本句型三基本句型三 主谓宾主谓宾 vS+V+OvWe study English everyday.vThey are playing football.vHe enjoys reading.vShe said“Good morning.”基本句型三基本句型三 主谓宾主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenjoyssaidEnglish everyd
12、ay.football.reading.“Good morning.”基本句型四基本句型四 vSV（及物）（及物）O（多指人多指人）O（多指物）多指物）vI give him a book.vMy mother bought me a pen yesterday.vI showed him my picture.基本句型四基本句型四SV（及物）（及物）OOIgivehima book.My mother boughtmea pen yesterday.Ishowedhimmy picture.基本句型五基本句型五vS+V（及物）（及物）+O(宾语宾语)+C（宾补）（宾补）vWe must ke
13、ep the door open.vThe news makes me happy.vWe call him Jim.vHe told me to wash the plates.vI saw a thief going into your room.基本句型五基本句型五SV（及物）（及物）O(宾语宾语)C（宾补）（宾补）Wemust keepthe dooropen.The newsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldme to wash the plates.Isawa thiefgoing into your room.判断下列画线部分的句子成分判断下列画线部
14、分的句子成分v1.Please close the window before you leave your home.v2.Wang Lin is one of my close friend.v3.We must keep the window open.v4.I forgot to mend my watch.v5.They are watching TV now.v6.I would like a bottle of water.v7.He often water the flowers.v8.The beautiful girl will go to Nanjing on a fast train.v9.His brother swims fast.v10.Let me have a swim.v11.Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.
