1、高三英语语法复习专题高三英语语法复习专题比较结构比较结构 形容词和副词的比较等形容词和副词的比较等级是多年来高考考查的重点之级是多年来高考考查的重点之一一,现结合高考考点对其用法现结合高考考点对其用法作一介绍。作一介绍。考点一：考点一：原级比较一般结构原级比较一般结构 as as;not as as;the same as;1.The work is not as difficult as you think.2.Last year,land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as,those outside t
2、he pinelands.3.This is the same car that I rode on yesterday.这就是就是我昨天坐过的那辆车。这就是就是我昨天坐过的那辆车。4.This is the same car as I rode on yesterday.这辆车像我昨天坐过的那辆一样。这辆车像我昨天坐过的那辆一样。5.This book is as thick as that one.特殊结构特殊结构:A is to B what/as X is Y;A+倍数或几分倍数或几分之几之几 as+adj./adv.+as+B.1.Air is to us what/as water
3、 is to fish.我们与空气的关系就像鱼和水的关系。我们与空气的关系就像鱼和水的关系。2.The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16（即比氧原（即比氧原子约轻子约轻15/16）。）。3.Americans eat vegetables per person today more than twice as many as they did in 1990.美国人现在吃的蔬菜是美国人现在吃的蔬菜是1990年时的两倍以上。年时的两倍以上。考点二：考点
4、二：比较级常用结构比较级常用结构 A 比较级比较级 than+B 1.African elephants are larger，fiercer，and more difficult to tame than Asian elephants.2.This question is less difficult than that question.(比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物比较对象为彼此独立的人或事物)3.Iron is more useful than any other metal.(比较对象具有所属关系，比较对象具有所属关系，含有最高级含义含有最高级含义)特殊结构：特殊结构：the mo
5、re the more(越越越越)；more and more(越来越越来越)1.The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.2.The more he thought of that,the more worried he felt about his mother.3.A survey indicated that more and more local talents in China flowed to multinationals since multinationals are mostly engaged i
6、n cutting-edge hi-tech researches and offer high salaries.考点三：考点三：以拉丁文以拉丁文-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接后接to 而不是而不是than.inferior,superior,senior,junior,prior(在在之前之前)1.He is three years senior/junior to me.2.This type of computer is superior to that type.3.Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to
7、wine from France.4.It happened prior to my arrival.考点四：考点四：最高级用于三者以上的事物之间的比较，所最高级用于三者以上的事物之间的比较，所以比较的范围自然是少不了。一般表示地方以比较的范围自然是少不了。一般表示地方用介词用介词in;表示所属关系和人物比较用介词表示所属关系和人物比较用介词 of.(即即the+最高级最高级in/of)1.The Yangtze River is the longest river in China,but it is the third longest river in the world.2.The yo
8、ungest member of the family is most successful.3.Of all forms of energy,electricity is most widely used.考点五：考点五：在在 more than 结构中，结构中，than 有时可看作有时可看作关系代词，相当于关系代词，相当于than what1.There ought to be less anxiety over the risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today.(Than=than what)人们不应该像今天这
9、样担心害怕患上癌症。人们不应该像今天这样担心害怕患上癌症。2.There are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of.(than=than what)天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。天地间的奇迹比人们所梦想的要多得多。3.The medicine is more effective than is expected.(than what is expected)考点七：考点七：几组由几组由“more than；more than”和和“no/not 比较级比较级”等构成的惯用句式及等构成的惯用句式及其含义。其含义。more
10、 than 其含义为其含义为:“不仅是，不仅是，非常，非常，十十分分”等，等，用法和意义较多。用法和意义较多。more than 其含义可以是其含义可以是:“与其说与其说不不如说，如说，不是不是而是而是”考点六：考点六：英语中有一小部分表示绝对意义的形容词没英语中有一小部分表示绝对意义的形容词没有比较级和最高级。有比较级和最高级。dead,deaf,empty,total,whole,perfect,complete,right,wrong,equal,daily false,final absolute,alone,round,supreme（至高无上的）（至高无上的）,unique,str
11、aight,eternal(永恒的）永恒的）,unanimous（无疑义的）（无疑义的）1.What we are doing today is more than donating some money.今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱。今天我们所做的不只是捐一些钱。2.Their action was more than justified.他们的行动是完全有理由的。他们的行动是完全有理由的。3.He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。他有勇无谋。4.The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书看起
12、来与其说是一本语法书，不如说这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。是一本词典。no more than not more than 1.He has no more than five dollars on him.他身上仅有他身上仅有5美元。美元。(强调少强调少)2.He has not more than five dollars on him.他身上带的钱不超过仅有他身上带的钱不超过仅有5美元。美元。(强调数额强调数额少于少于5美元美元)no more than not more than1.He is no more diligent than you.他不勤奋，你也不勤奋
13、。他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋两人都不勤奋)(含含有消极否定的意思有消极否定的意思)2.He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋。他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋，但你更两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋勤奋)(含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异）的差异）no less than=as much as 意为：意为：“竟竟有有之多，多达之多，多达”强调多强调多not less than 意为意为“不少于，至少不少于，至少”，可观，可观地描述地描述no less than 前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的前后均为肯定，含有惊奇的感
14、情色彩。可译为：感情色彩。可译为：“是是是，是，正是，正是，和和 一样，一样，多达，应有多达，应有之多之多”1.His son has read no less than 50 English books.他的儿子竟然读了他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。本英文书。(强调多强调多)2.His son has read not less than 50 English books.他的儿子读了不少于他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。本英文书。(不强调多不强调多或少或少)活学活用活学活用用含用含than的结构填空：的结构填空：1.What he is saying is _a joke.他所讲的只不过是
15、个玩笑而已。他所讲的只不过是个玩笑而已。2.The estimate of 20012 tons was probably _another wild assumption of theirs.译文译文这个二万零一十二吨的估计数字，也这个二万零一十二吨的估计数字，也许只不过是他们的又一个胡编乱造。许只不过是他们的又一个胡编乱造。no more thanno more thanThe middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister.这位中年人正是新来的部长。这位中年人正是新来的部长。Her voice is no less s
16、weet than it used to be.她的歌声和以前一样甜美。她的歌声和以前一样甜美。3.A whale is _ a fish _a horse is.(=A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.)译文译文鲸和马都不是鱼。鲸和马都不是鱼。(鲸之非鱼类，正如鲸之非鱼类，正如马之非鱼类。马之非鱼类。)no morethan4.They will _sell their freedom for roubles _for dollars.译文译文他们既不会以他们的自由换取美元，他们既不会以他们的自由换取美元，也将同样不会以自由换取卢布。
17、也将同样不会以自由换取卢布。no morethan5.The little man was _one meter fifty high.A)almost more than B)hardly more thanC)Nearly D)as much as 解析解析hardly more than用来表示用来表示“仅仅仅仅”。根据句意：这个小个子男人仅有根据句意：这个小个子男人仅有1.5米高，应米高，应选择选择B.6.The murderer turned out to be _ person than the inspector himself.A)no more B)no other C)no
18、t less D)not rather译文译文结果是，那个杀人犯不是别人，正是结果是，那个杀人犯不是别人，正是巡官自己。巡官自己。解析解析no other than 只有，正是。它常用来只有，正是。它常用来加强语气，多用于书面语。加强语气，多用于书面语。7.A man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind.A)no better than B)not better thanC)the same as D)no more than 译文译文不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样。不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样。解析解析no better than
19、 和和一样，实际上一样，实际上等于等于(practically the same as)8.It is reported that _adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A.the most B.most of C.most D.the most of 译文译文据报道大多数被收养的孩子想知道他据报道大多数被收养的孩子想知道他们的亲生父母是谁。们的亲生父母是谁。解析解析 most 大多数的意思大多数的意思;most of某个范某个范围中的大多数。围中的大多数。9.Certain programs work bet
20、ter for some _ for others.A.and B.than C.as D.but 译文译文某些项目对有些人来说效果不错对其某些项目对有些人来说效果不错对其他人来说则不然。他人来说则不然。解析解析 better than 与其说与其说倒不如说。倒不如说。10.There are few electronic applications _ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.A.likely B.more likely C.most likely D.much likely 译文
21、译文 很少有电子应用软件能够像机器人那很少有电子应用软件能够像机器人那样引起人们对未来就业机会的担忧。样引起人们对未来就业机会的担忧。解析解析 more likely than 比较结构比较结构11.The trumpet player was certainly loud.but I wasnt bothered by his loudness _his lack of talent.A.than B.more than C.as D.so much as 译文译文演奏者吹得声音很大，但是我不是被演奏者吹得声音很大，但是我不是被他的噪声打搅，而是因他缺乏天赋而生气。他的噪声打搅，而是因他缺乏
22、天赋而生气。解析解析 so much as用在否定句中：与其说，用在否定句中：与其说，不如说不如说 12.If tap water were as dangerous as some people think,_would be getting sick.A.a lot of more us B.more a lot of usC.a lot of us more D.a lot more of us 译文译文如果自来水向有人认为的那么危险，如果自来水向有人认为的那么危险，我们会有更多的人生病。我们会有更多的人生病。解析解析more 是是us 的同位语。的同位语。13.Radio,televi
23、sion and press _ of conveying news and information.A）are the three most common means B）are the most common three means C）are the three most common means D）are three the most common means译文译文无线电、电视和报纸是传播新闻和信无线电、电视和报纸是传播新闻和信息的三个最常见的工具。息的三个最常见的工具。解析解析本题考查形容词的排序。限定词（冠词、本题考查形容词的排序。限定词（冠词、代词、数词等）表示性质的形容词表
24、示大小、代词、数词等）表示性质的形容词表示大小、长度、形状的形容词表示颜色的形容词名词长度、形状的形容词表示颜色的形容词名词或动名词、物质形容词被修饰的名词。或动名词、物质形容词被修饰的名词。14.In no country _Britain,it has been said,can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A)other than B)more than C)better than D)rather than 解析解析句意为：除了在英国，一个人不可能句意为：除了在英国，一个人不可能在其它国家在一天内经
25、历四季。在其它国家在一天内经历四季。other than表示表示“除除之外之外”，故选择，故选择A.15.This crop doesnt do well in soils _the one for which it has been specially developed.A)beyond B)rather than C)outside D)other than解析解析other than意思是：不同于，除意思是：不同于，除之外；之外；rather than意思是：而不是。根据句意思是：而不是。根据句意：除了这块专门为它培育的土壤，这种作意：除了这块专门为它培育的土壤，这种作物在其它土壤上都
26、生长不好。应选择物在其它土壤上都生长不好。应选择D.改错题改错题1.Of all his brothers,he is the cleverest.Of all the brothers,he is the cleverest.2.He is taller than anyone in his class.He is taller than anyone else in his class.3.He works harder than any other students in his class.He works harder than any other student/all the o
27、ther students/all of the other students in his class.4.The children watched the rat running here and there in the tigers cage.They were more interested in the rat than the tiger.interested in the rat than in the tiger.5.I like reading better than you.I like reading better than you do.6.She was the h
28、appiest when she saw her son returning home form school happily.当最高级在作自身比较时，前面不用当最高级在作自身比较时，前面不用the。7.She is the most beautiful but not a most beautiful girl in her school.形容词最高级作定语不表示最高级意义，而形容词最高级作定语不表示最高级意义，而表示表示“非常、很非常、很”，相当于，相当于very，这时最高，这时最高级前常用级前常用a(an)。8.The Yellow River is the Chinas second longest river.当形容词最高级前有别的限定词如物主代词、当形容词最高级前有别的限定词如物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不用名词所有格等修饰时，不用the。9.How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a best voice.有时比较等级作定语与有时比较等级作定语与never连用，表示最连用，表示最高级的意义。高级的意义。10.Which is a larger country,Canada or Australia?表示表示“两者中更两者中更”。在此句型中，形容词。在此句型中，形容词比较级前加比较级前加the。
