1、Unit13 Were trying to save the earth!Period 3 Section A(Grammar Focus-4c)A短语温顾短语温顾1.在河床底部在河床底部_ 2.充满了垃圾充满了垃圾_3.产生影响产生影响_ 4.听说听说 _5.到目前为止到目前为止_ 6.对对有害有害_7.的数量的数量_ 8.给给带来危险带来危险_9.不但不但而且而且_ 10.砍掉；割掉砍掉；割掉_B短语知新短语知新1.参加参加_ 2.代替代替 _ 3.采取行动采取行动_ 4.关掉关掉_ 5.付费付费_ 6.累加累加 _7.使用公共交通使用公共交通_ 8.负担不起做某事负担不起做某事_ 【课前
2、准备课前准备】cant afford to do sth.the bottom of the riverbe harmful tohear ofbe full of rubishthe numbers ofbring danger tonot only but alsocut offtake part ininstead oftake actionturn offpay foradd upuse public transportationso farhas an effect on take part inaffordturn offreusablepay fortake actiontran
3、sportation参加参加v.买的起；承担的起买的起；承担的起（后果）（后果）关掉关掉adj.可重复使用的可重复使用的付费；付出代价付费；付出代价采取行动采取行动n.运输业；交通运输运输业；交通运输Words Review1).The shoes are so expensive that I cant _(买得起）买得起）them.2).We should use_(可重复使用的）可重复使用的）chopsticks when we eat outside.3).What do you think of the _(交通）交通）in China?4).The Spring Festival
4、is _(认为是）认为是）the most important festival in China.5).We can save _(电）电）by turning off the lights when we leave a room.自学自查：根据汉语提示完成单词。自学自查：根据汉语提示完成单词。affordreusabletransportationconsideredelectricity 典型例句典型例句 所用语法所用语法Make up newsentences We are trying to save the earth.The river used to be so clean.
5、The air is badly polluted.No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.We should help savew the sharks.现在进行时现在进行时 am/is/aredoing语法总结语法总结读读 Grammar Focus 表格内的句子，理解每个句子所用的表格内的句子，理解每个句子所用的时态、语态、情态动词及时态、语态、情态动词及used to 结构。结构。Discuss in pairs/groups.used to do一般现在时被动语态：一般现在时被动语态：a
6、m/is/aredone现在完成时：现在完成时：has/havedone情态动词情态动词do用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Listen!The phone _(ring).Please go to answer it.2.Alan,its late.Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _(wait)for her.3.Whats your father doing now?He _(write)a letter in the study.is ringingam waitingis writing 肯
7、定句肯定句:主语主语+am/is/are+-ing 否定句否定句:主语主语+am/is/are+not+-ing 疑问句疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语主语+-ing 1)表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。常带有表示目前时刻的时生的动作。常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词间副词,如：如：now,at the(very)moment,for the time being,at present,及及Look!Listen!.Look!The big bird is flying away.看，那只大鸟正在飞走。看，那只大鸟正在飞走。He is watching a
8、 movie now.他现在正在看电影。他现在正在看电影。Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning.我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。3)与与always,constantly,forever,all the time等副词连用，表示动作反复或习等副词连用，表示动作反复或习 惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈 情感在内。表达较强的情感在内。表达较强的“责备责备”或或 “表扬表扬”之意。之意。You are always changing your mind.你总是主意不定。你总是
9、主意不定。(太烦人了。太烦人了。)He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人。他真是个好人。)He is leaving on Wednesday.他将于周三离开。他将于周三离开。Mary isnt here at the moment.She is coming later.玛丽现在不在这儿，她一会儿来。玛丽现在不在这儿，她一会儿来。I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon,but no one answered.Sorry,I _ with my friends at that time.(
10、2011河南河南)A.swim B.swam C.will swim D.was swimming考点例析考点例析【考点点拨【考点点拨】用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Id like to introduce my best friend to you,Peter.Thank you,Lucy.But we _ (meet)already.2.Look at these stamps.I _(keep)them for five years.Wow,they are wonderful.have methave kept肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+have/h
11、as+过去分词过去分词+其他其他否定句：否定句：主语主语+havent/hasnt+过去分过去分 词词+其他其他一般一般 Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+疑问句：疑问句：？肯定答语：肯定答语：Yes,主格代词主格代词+have/has.否定答语：否定答语：No,主格代词主格代词+havent/hasnt.1.表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。2.动作发生在过去，强调对现在的结果、动作发生在过去，强调对现在的结果、影响等。影响等。3.表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，句中使用持续
12、性在，甚至还可能继续下去，句中使用持续性动词，且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。动词，且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。4.现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。中，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。1)现在完成时现在完成时+since+点时间状语点时间状语(名词、短语、名词、短语、从句，其中从句用一般过去时从句，其中从句用一般过去时)1)Mary has been ill since three days ago.2)现在完成时现在完成时+for+段时间状语段时间状语 2)Mary has been ill for thre
13、e days.3)It/This is the first/其他序数词其他序数词/last time+that 从句中，从句使用现在完成时。从句中，从句使用现在完成时。3)This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.4)It is the first time that I have visited the city.时态时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时现在完成时现在完成时用法用法表示表示经常性经常性发生的发生的动作、动作、习惯性习惯性动作动作或或客观真理客观真理、科学、科学事实等。事
14、实等。表示表示过去某个时过去某个时间间发生的动作或发生的动作或存在的状态。存在的状态。表示表示现在或现现在或现阶段阶段正在进行正在进行或发生的动作。或发生的动作。表示表示过去某时正过去某时正在进行在进行的动作或的动作或存在的状态。存在的状态。表示表示将来某个时将来某个时间要发生间要发生的动作的动作或存在的状态。或存在的状态。表示表示过去发生过去发生或或者未发生的事者未发生的事对对现在造成的影响现在造成的影响或结果。或结果。构成构成方式方式1.动词动词be(am/is/are)+表语表语2.动词原形动词原形+(主语是第三人称主语是第三人称单数，动词也用第单数，动词也用第三人称单数三人称单数)1.
15、动词动词was/were+表语表语2.实义动词的过实义动词的过去式去式+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在动词的现在分词分词was/were+动词动词的现在分词的现在分词1.will/shall+动动词原形词原形(shall 用于第一用于第一人称人称)2.be going to+动词原形动词原形主语主语+have/has+过去分词过去分词+句句型型变变化化疑疑问问式式1.Be+主语主语+?2.Do/Does+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+?1.Was/Were+主主语语+?2.Did+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+?Be+主语主语+动动词的现在分词词的现在分词+?Was/Were+主主语语+动
16、词的现在动词的现在分词分词+？1.Will/Shall+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+?2.Be+主语主语+going to+动词动词原形原形+?Have/Has+主主语语+过去分词过去分词+？否否定定式式1.主语主语+be+not+2.主语主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形动词原形+1.主语主语+was/were+not+2.主语主语+didnt+动词原形动词原形+主语主语+be+not+动词的现在动词的现在分词分词+主语主语+wasnt(was not)/werent(were not)+动词的现动词的现在分词在分词+1.主语主语+will/shall not+动词原形动词原形+2.主语
17、主语+be+not+going to+动词原形动词原形+主语主语+havent/hasnt+过去分过去分词词+用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.The Secondary School Entrance Exams _(hold)in June.2.A strange noise _(hear)by his mother last night.3.A wide road _(build)between the two villages by those people next year.is heldwas heardwill be built被动语态被动语态
18、The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practiceand is based on pictures and topics.These computers were made in our own country last year.Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词过去分词 一般将来时的被
19、动语态一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall+be+过去分词过去分词 1.有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语(指人指人的宾语）的宾语）。一些特殊的被动语态一些特殊的被动语态They didnt offer Ann the job.Ann wasnt offered the job.2.在在have,make,get以及以及see,watch,notice,hear,f
20、eel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加被动结构时，要加 to。They make her clean the floor.She is made to clean the floor by them.3.(=主语主语+be+过去分词过去分词+to do sth.)表示：据说表示：据说/据报道据报道/据悉据悉/据信等据信等据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。测试。It is said that the boy has passed then
21、ational exam.The boy is said to have passed thenational exam.1.某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词本身可以表示被动意义。动词本身可以表示被动意义。smell,taste,prove,sell,etc.1)The dish tastes delicious.2)The theory proved right at last.3)The book is so interesting that it sells well.不可以变成被动语态的情况不可以变成被动语态的情况 表示表示“主语承受动词发主语承受动
22、词发出的动作出的动作”，表示被动意义。，表示被动意义。我的车需要修理。我的车需要修理。My car needs repairing.(=to be repaired).战争爆发了。战争爆发了。The war broke out.但不能说：但不能说：The war was broke out.3.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，语态，没有。没有。“be+过去分词过去分词”这个结构并不都是被这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示
23、主语的特点一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：试比较下面的句子：被动结构与系表结构的区别被动结构与系表结构的区别The enemy was soon surrounded by us.The house is surrounded by trees.She was bitten by the dog in the darkness.I was excited by the news that my husbandgot promoted.被动结构被动结构系表结构系表结构被动结构被动结构 系表结构系表结构时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般现在
24、时一般现在时 do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时一般过去时 didwas/were+done一般将来时一般将来时 will/be going to+dowill/be going to+be+done一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的主动结构和被动结构主动结构和被动结构(以动词以动词do为例为例)：1.We can do it by ourselves.2.It must be Toms.Look at his name on the cover.3.Im sorry.Children mustnt swim here.4.May I s
25、ee your ID card,sir?5.Will you pass me the book?指出下列划线动词的种类。指出下列划线动词的种类。情态动词情态动词 情态动词情态动词 情态动词情态动词 情态动词情态动词 情态动词具有一定的意义，但不能单独作情态动词具有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，其后需接动词原形一起构成句子的谓语，其后需接动词原形一起构成句子的谓语。情态动词谓语。情态动词(除除have to以外以外)没有人称没有人称和数的变化。另外，情态动词可用来构成和数的变化。另外，情态动词可用来构成否定句、疑问句并进行简略回答。初中常否定句、疑问句并进行简略回答。初中常见的情态动词有：见的情
26、态动词有：can,may,must,need,have to,could,should,ought to 等。等。考点一：考查表示考点一：考查表示“能力能力”的情态动词的情态动词 1._ your Australian friend eat with chopsticks?Yes,but she cant use them well.A.Should B.Need C.Can D.Must2.The work is too hard for us.We _ finish it on time.A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt 3.Could your fa
27、ther play golf when he was young?No,he _.But he _ play table tennis.A.couldnt;could B.neednt;might C.mustnt;should D.shouldnt;need【考点点拨【考点点拨】情态动词情态动词can表示表示“能力能力”时，与时，与be able to同义，其否定形式为同义，其否定形式为cant。can表示现在的能力，其过去式表示现在的能力，其过去式could表示过表示过去的能力。去的能力。考点二：考查表示考点二：考查表示“应该应该”的情态动词的情态动词 1._ we to finish o
28、ur homework before noon?Yes,you _.A.Need;can B.Have;do C.Ought;ought to D.Should;must2.You _ study hard if you want to be a scientist in the future.A.may B.should C.would D.could【考点点拨【考点点拨】情态动词情态动词should和和ought to都可表示都可表示“应该应该”，但，但should侧重说话者主观的看侧重说话者主观的看法，而法，而ought to更侧重客观情况。更侧重客观情况。should的否定形式为的否定
29、形式为shouldnt，ought to的否定形式为的否定形式为oughtnt to或或ought not to。考点三：考查表示考点三：考查表示“请求；许可请求；许可”的情的情态动词及其回答态动词及其回答 1._ I borrow your maths book?Sure.Here you are.A.Need B.Will C.May D.Must 2._ I take some photos in the hall?No,you _.Look at the sign “No photos”!A.Can;neednt B.Must;mustnt C.Should;neednt D.May;
30、mustnt 3.Could I use your dictionary for a while?Yes,of course you _.A.could B.can C.will D.should【考点点拨【考点点拨】情态动词情态动词may和和can都可表示都可表示“请求请求；许可许可”。may比比can正式，正式，could在表示在表示“请请求；许可求；许可”时时，既可表示过去，也可表示，既可表示过去，也可表示语气的委婉语气的委婉。当当“May/Can/Could I”表示表示“请求；请求；许可许可”时，肯定回答常用时，肯定回答常用“Yes,please.”/“Certainly.”等，否定
31、回答常用等，否定回答常用“No,you cant/mustnt.”等等。考点四：考查表示考点四：考查表示“推测推测”的情态动词的情态动词1.I saw Lily in the supermarket this morning.Oh,it _ her.She moved to Australia the day before yesterday.A.can be B.must be C.cant be D.mustnt be2.After a long walk,the children _ be very tired now.A.will B.must C.have to D.can3.Joh
32、n _ go with us tomorrow,but he isnt sure.A.must B.can C.need D.may【考点点拨【考点点拨】may,can,must都可表都可表“推测推测”，三者，三者的可能性依次递增的可能性依次递增。may和和must表表“推测推测”常用于肯定句常用于肯定句中，中，can表表“推测推测”常用于否定句和疑问句常用于否定句和疑问句中中。考点五：考查考点五：考查need,must和和have to的用法的用法 1.Jim,you _ play with the knife.You _ hurt yourself.A.wont;cant B.mustnt
33、;may C.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldnt 2._ I have to hand in my homework now,Mr Zhang?Yes,you do.A.Do B.Can C.May D.Must 3.Must I get up before six oclock tomorrow morning,Dad?No,you _.Tomorrow is Saturday.You may get up a little later.A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.may not4.Its too late.We _ go home,or w
34、ell be blamed(责备责备).A.can B.may C.might D.have to【考点点拨【考点点拨】need作情态动词，意为作情态动词，意为“需要需要”，后，后接动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句和条接动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中件句中。must意为意为“必须必须”，强调主观看法，强调主观看法。对对must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用“must”，否定回答常用，否定回答常用neednt或或dont have to。mustnt意为意为“一定不要；禁止一定不要；禁止”。have to意为意为“不得不；必须不得不；必须”，强调，强调客观情
35、况下需要做某事，有人称、数和时客观情况下需要做某事，有人称、数和时态的变化，变否定句和疑问句时需要借助态的变化，变否定句和疑问句时需要借助助动词完成句型的变化助动词完成句型的变化。分分类类特点特点 例词例词意义意义例句例句情情态态动动词词跟动跟动词原词原形形（有（有自己自己的词的词汇意汇意思）思）can(could),may(might),should,ought to,must,need,have to,etc.不能独立不能独立做谓语。做谓语。表示说话表示说话人语气、人语气、情感情感或或态态度，无人度，无人称和数的称和数的变化变化(have to除外除外)We cant carry the
36、heavy box.He may come tomorrow.We must study hard.HavetakenhelpedconsideredhadhadtookthinkcametryingwaitPeople _ think that big things _ be done to save the earth.Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things.For example,you _ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a
37、room.You _ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags.I think its a great idea that you now _ pay for plastic bags in some stores.And instead of driving to school or work,you _ ride your bike or walk.If its far,you _ take the bus.All these small things _ add up and become big things that _ impro
38、ve the environment.Lets take action now!may/mightmustshouldcanhave tocouldcancanwouldFill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.(P99)4b4bPeople _ think that big things _ be done to save the earth.Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things.For example,you _save e
39、lectricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room.You _also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags.I think its a great idea that you now _pay for plastic bags in some stores,And instead of driving to school or work,you _ ride your bike or walk.If its far,you _ take the bus.All these smal
40、l things _ add up and became big things that _ improve the environment.Lett take action now!4b.Fill in blanks with the proper modal verbs in the box.can would couldhave to should must May/mightmay/mighthave tomust should can could should can couldshould can couldhave tocan/couldcan/could would can c
41、ould Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.4cA:I think that everyone should use public transportation.B:I disagree.Its difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation.use public transportation.Discussing.use pu
42、blic transportationtake your own shopping bags when go shoppingreduce the use of air conditioners in summerturn off the lights when you leave the roomgrow more plants.Have you ever take part in an environment project?What should you do to save the environment?We can _.A:I think that everyone should
43、take your own shopping bags when go shopping.B:I agree.Its good for the environment.A:I think that everyone should reduce the use of air conditioners in summer.B:I disagree.The summer is so hot,especially in south China.Without air conditioners,people may not have the patience to work.A:I think that
44、 everyone should turn off the lights when you leave the room.B:I agree.Its good to save energy resources.A:I think that everyone should use public transportation.B:I disagree.Its difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation.A:I think that everyone should grow more plants.B:
45、I agree.Growing more plants will provide us more fresh air and make our planet more beautiful.1.Dont make so much noise.The children _ an English lesson.(2011黑龙江绥化黑龙江绥化)A.have B.are having C.were having2.Listen!The phone _.Please go to answer it.(2011沈阳沈阳)A.rings B.is ringing C.rang D.will ring3.-Wh
46、y wont you go to the movie with me,Gina?-Because I _ it twice.(2011襄阳襄阳)A.see B.have seen C.saw D.will see4.China develops so fast.Thats true.It _ a lot already.(2011安徽芜湖安徽芜湖)A.changesB.changed C.will changeD.has changed 5.Nick _ a job in a bank,but to our surprise,he didnt take it.(2012贵州遵义贵州遵义)A.o
47、ffered B.has offered C.was offered6.Have you heard of Earth Day?Yes.The first Earth Day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.(2012河南河南)A.celebrates B.celebrated C.is celebrated D.was celebrated 7.Excuse me,whose book is this?It _ be Johns.It has his name on it.(2013四川南充四川南充)A.must B.need C.
48、cant8._ I swim here?No,you _.Look at the sign “No swimming”.(2013四川广安四川广安)A.Must;cant B.Can;dont C.Can;mustnt 9.Whos singing in the garden?It _ be Mr.Brown.He always practices singing at this time.(2014长沙长沙)A.must B.cant C.need10.What _ the number of the students in your school?About two thousand.A
49、number of them _ from the countryside.(2014泰安泰安)A.is;are B.is:is C.are;is D.are:are练习题I.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.The old man used _(be)a teacher.2.We should _(clean)the room every day.3.Look!Tom _(sleep)in his room.4.Lots of trees _(plant)on the hill every year.5.He _(live)here for 20 years.to be clean is slee
50、ping are planted has livedII.用括号里所给动词的正确形式填空用括号里所给动词的正确形式填空。1.The girl _(dance)in the classroom now.2.Its 5 oclock now.Mike _(have)dinner.3.-_ you ever _(be)to the US?-Yes,twice.4.-May I speak to John?-Sorry,he _(go)to New York.He will be back in two days.5.-Did you go to Jacks birthday?-No,I _(not
