1、第二册Unit 4 History and Tradition 单元知识点1.Confucius n Confucius n 孔子孔子 Confucian k Confucian kn nfjufjun adj n adj 孔子的；孔子的；儒学的儒学的 Confucian school Confucian school 儒家学派儒家学派 The Romance of the Three The Romance of the Three kingdoms kingdoms 2.Kong Family Mansion 2.Kong Family Mansion 孔府孔府Temple of Conf
2、ucius Temple of Confucius 孔庙孔庙 Cemetery of Confucius Cemetery of Confucius 孔林孔林 A dream in Red Mansion A dream in Red Mansion 红楼梦红楼梦3.Philosophy n 3.Philosophy n 哲学哲学 philosopher philosopher ffl ls sf f n n 哲学家哲学家4.descendant n 4.descendant n 后裔；后代后裔；后代 descend vi d descend vi ds snd nd 下降；落下；下降；落下；
3、是什么的后裔是什么的后裔 2 plus 3 is 5 time minus 2 plus 3 is 5 time minus 减减 -5.Individual vt divide vt 5.Individual vt divide vt 分开分开 divideinto divideinto 把把分成分成 vt vt 除；除以除；除以 6 divided by 2 is 3 6 divided by 2 is 3 n n 分分歧歧 bridge the digital divide/gap bridge the digital divide/gap between andbetween and
4、消除消除 和和 之间的数字之间的数字鸿沟 6.Achilles heel Achilles heel 阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点 -Jack still cant help being cant help being anxious about his job interview.-Lack of confidence is his Achilles heelAchilles heel,I am afraid.类似的短语：Are you for real,or are you just pulling my legpulling my leg?Surrounded b
5、y a crowd of strangers,she felt like a fish out of a fish out of waterwater.-Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party?-Well,you know hes a wet blanket.a wet blanket.类似的还有：类似的还有：laugh ones head off laugh ones head off 大笑不止；狂笑不止大笑不止；狂笑不止 childs play childs play 很容易的事很容易的事 last straw last straw
6、 救命稻草救命稻草 a lucky dog a lucky dog 幸运儿幸运儿 rain cats and dogs rain cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨瓢泼大雨 ；倾盆大雨；倾盆大雨 同某人开玩笑同某人开玩笑 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人扫兴的人或事扫兴的人或事7.chief editor 主编8.puzzle 1)n 谜；疑问 a word puzzle 一个字谜 solve a puzzle 解决难题 handle 2）vt 迷惑；使困惑 puzzle over/about sth 苦苦思索 puzzle sb 使某人困惑 People
7、 have long Puzzled about how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.3)puzzled adj 感到困惑的 说明人的感受或者修饰人的表情和声音等 sb be puzzled by sth 被迷惑；feel puzzled 感到困惑 相由心生 puzzling adj 令人困惑 puzzlement n 迷惑；困惑 The girl looked at me with a _expression.Maybe the problem was quite_.（puzzle）Facing the _situation,the chief m
8、anager looked_.（puzzle）Puzzled puzzlingpuzzlingpuzzlingpuzzledpuzzled9.nearby=surrounding nearby=surrounding adj 附近的（nearby可做前置定语和后置定语；surrounding只做前置定语）adv 在附近 nearby park=park nearby=surrounding park10.join A.join A to/and to/and B B 把把 和和连接或者联结起来连接或者联结起来=connect A=connect A with/to/and with/to/an
9、d B B be joined to be joined to 被连接到被连接到 入党入党 join the club/the army/the league/the party join the club/the army/the league/the party 加入俱乐部、参加入俱乐部、参军，入团军，入团 join in=take part in=participate in=be join in=take part in=participate in=be involvedinvolved inin 参加参加 join sb join sb 加入某人加入某人 join sb in do
10、ing sth join sb in doing sth 和某人一起做某事和某人一起做某事 1)Every individual or group is joined _ the world by the Internet.2).In the evening there were a barbecue,with the whole village_(join)in the fun.tojoining11.break away from break away from 脱离；背叛；逃脱脱离；背叛；逃脱 1）With so many problems unsettled,a few countri
11、es wanted to _（脱离）the Union.2).The boy _(挣脱）his mother and ran away.break down vi a(break down vi a(车）抛锚了车）抛锚了/出故障了出故障了;b;b（计划、和谈）失败了（计划、和谈）失败了;c;c（身体（身体)垮掉垮掉 break into vt break into vt 强行闯入强行闯入 主谓宾主谓宾 He broke into the houseHe broke into the house break in vi break in vi 强行闯入；插嘴（强行闯入；插嘴（=cut in=cu
12、t in）主谓主谓 He broke in He broke in break through vt break through vt 突破突破 He broke through the front line of the enemy.He broke through the front line of the enemy.break out vi (break out vi (战争、火灾等）突然爆发战争、火灾等）突然爆发 Tom and his girlfriend broke up=Tom broke up with Tom and his girlfriend broke up=Tom
13、broke up with his his girlfriend girlfriend break up vi break up vi（学校）放假；（关系）破裂；（集会）结束（学校）放假；（关系）破裂；（集会）结束 Our school has broken up Our school has broken up break up break up withwith sbsb 和某人分手和某人分手 反义短语：反义短语：make up with sb make up with sb 和某人和好和某人和好 3).It was the fact that his car broke _ on the
14、 way this afternoon that made 3).It was the fact that his car broke _ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.him late for the meeting.同位语从句同位语从句 4)The fire broke _ during the day,and therefore almost no one was injured.4)The fire broke _ during the day,and therefore almost no o
15、ne was injured.5 5）When will your school/the meeting break _?When will your school/the meeting break _?6 6）Jim soon break up _ his girlfriend because of misunderstanding.With Jim soon break up _ his girlfriend because of misunderstanding.With break away from broke away from down out upwith 12.belong
16、 to belong to 属于属于 既无被动又无进行时既无被动又无进行时,做后置定语用做后置定语用ing ing 形式形式 belonging belongings s(pl)(pl)(一定用复数）一定用复数）=wealth(=wealth(不可数不可数n)n)所有物；财产；财所有物；财产；财物物 1）Professor Smith keeps telling his students that the future _(属 于）them.2）He was upset that the valuable watch _him(属于）was lost yesterday.3).The old
17、house _(belong)to my grandfather was still in good condition.4).I just escaped from the flood and all my_(belong)were swept away.belongings belongs tobelonging to belonging tobelongingsbelongings13.1).A A as well as/together with/along with/with B as well as/together with/along with/with B 不但不但B B而且
18、而且A A（强调（强调A A）谓语动词用谓语动词用“就远原则就远原则”not only A but also not only A but also B B 不但不但A A而且而且B B（强调（强调B B）谓语动词用）谓语动词用“就近原则就近原则”Peter as well as his friends _(like)to listen to classical music.Not only he but also his brothers _(work)like mad at the moment.翻译：她不但种花而且种菜（两种翻译方法）2).as well as as well as 可以
19、连接并列的单词和短语可以连接并列的单词和短语 平行结构平行结构 (如果是不定式，还是去掉如果是不定式，还是去掉to to 用动词用动词原形）原形）We are repairing the roof as well as _(paint)the walls.She can sing as well as _(跳舞).You cant expect her to do the housework as well as _(照顾）the children.It was a good time to display the kites as well as _(enjoy)the warm weath
20、er and the fresh air.(2020(2020年高一期末语法填空题）年高一期末语法填空题）3).3).asas wellwell as as 和和 一样好一样好 He can speak English as well as you can.4).4).as well as as well as 除了除了 之外之外 ,第二个第二个as as 是介词是介词 =except=except As well as _(know)some Russian,she speaks English very well.likesare workingShe can grow vegetable
21、s as well as flowers.She can grow not only flowers but also vegetables.paintingdancelook afterenjoyknowing 5).as wellas well：也也 ,前面没有逗号，放于句末前面没有逗号，放于句末 用于肯定句：I like English as well 句末 =I like English,too.句末=I also like English.句中EitherEither用于否定句用于否定句 I dont like English either.14.currency n currenc
22、y n 货币；货币；通货 adj current adj current 当前的；流行的当前的；流行的 ent ence/ency currently adv currently adv 当前；当前；目前目前 now now15.defence n defence n 防御；保卫防御；保卫 in defence of in defence of 为为辩护；保卫辩护；保卫 defend vt 1).defend from/against defend from/against 保护保护免受伤害；保卫免受伤害；保卫 defend ones country 保卫国家(against the enem
23、y)2).defenddefend vt vt 为为辩护辩护 defend sb/oneself defend sb/oneself 为某人为某人/自己辩护自己辩护 我们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人侵犯。Our duty is to defend the country to defend the country _its enemies.Thousands of young men came forward,willing to _。(保卫他们的国家）He had a lawyer to _(为他辩护）in court.16.legal adj16.legal adj合法的合法的;法律的法律的
24、illegal adj illegal adj 不合法的不合法的 legal system legal system 法律制度法律制度 legal adviser legal adviser 法律顾问法律顾问 17.surround vt 17.surround vt 包围包围 surround sth with sth surround sth with sth 用用包围包围 be surrounded by/with be surrounded by/with 被被包围包围 系表结构系表结构 surrounding adj surrounding adj 周围的周围的 附近的（只做前置定语
25、）附近的（只做前置定语）surroundingssurroundings（plpl）环境环境 1).The poet _(1).The poet _(被包围）被包围）a crowd of a crowd of people,eager to people,eager to hear his speech.hear his speech.2).Mrs White found her husband_(surround)by letters and papers and 2).Mrs White found her husband_(surround)by letters and papers a
26、nd looking looking very worried.very worried.3)._(surround)3)._(surround)byby the clear waters,the clear waters,this forest this forest provides visitors provides visitors with with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild.a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wil
27、d.4).They live in a beautiful village,with many trees and flowers 4).They live in a beautiful village,with many trees and flowers _(surround)it._(surround)it.againstdefend their countrydefend himwas surrounded by/withwas surrounded by/withsurroundedSurroundedSurroundedsurroundingsurrounding18.eviden
28、ce evidence【U U】证据；证明证据；证明 a piece of evidence 一条证据 gather/collect evidence收集证据 There is evidence that 有证据表明 evident adj evident adj 明显的明显的 It is evident/apparent/obviousIt is evident/apparent/obvious that that 很很明显明显 prnt bvs 1).All the scientific evidence _(show)that increasing use of chemicals in
29、 farming _(be)damaging our health.越来越多的 2)._ _ _ _(有证据表明）the ship sank in a bomb attack.3)._ _ _(很明显）the man is highly thought in the company.It is evident that showsshowsisisThere is There is evidence that evidence that It is It is apparentapparent 19.achievement 1)【C】成就；成绩 a sense of achievement a
30、 sense of achievement 成就感成就感 a sense of humor a sense of humor 幽默感幽默感 make an achievement/achievements make an achievement/achievements 取得成就取得成就 2)【U】达到 不可数n achieve vt 达到；实现 achieve ones aim/goal achieve ones aim/goal 达到目的、实现目标达到目的、实现目标 1).They felt a great sense of _ to see their childrens _.(achi
31、eve)2).The evidence shows that they _ _ _ _ in many ways.（已经取得巨大成就20.Location【C】n 地点；位置 the exact location 确切的位置 locate vt 1).找到的位置 locate the city in the map locate the city in the map 在地图上找到这个城市在地图上找到这个城市 2).坐落于 be located be located 坐落于、位于坐落于、位于 1).1).China _(China _(位于）位于）inin the east of Asia t
32、he east of Asia with the area of with the area of 9,600,0009,600,000 square kilometers.is located square kilometers.is located 2).2).Pingyi _Pingyi _（locatelocate）at at the foot of Mount Meng is a beautiful the foot of Mount Meng is a beautiful city.city.located located 后置定语后置定语 achievementachieveme
33、ntachievements achievements have made great have made great achievementsachievementsis locatedis locatedlocatedlocated21.conquer vt 占领；征服 conqueror n 征服者22.battle n 战役 win/lose the battle 赢得/输掉一场战役 vt 搏斗 battle/fight/struggle with/against sbwith/against sb (the enemy)与某人（敌人）战斗 battle/fight/struggle
34、forfor 为而奋斗；为而战 She has battled _ cancer for two years.Workers are battling _ equal rights.23.Port n 港口 export n vt export n vt 出口出口 import n vt import n vt 进口进口 transport vt transport vt 运输运输 ex-ex-向外向外 im-im-进入进入 trans-trans-24.fascinating=charming=attractive adj 24.fascinating=charming=attractive
35、 adj 迷人的迷人的 25.Keep your eyes open 25.Keep your eyes open（for sth/sbfor sth/sb）留心；留意留心；留意 keep up with keep up with 跟上；保持同步跟上；保持同步 keep back keep back 隐瞒隐瞒 keep back the secret keep back the secret 隐瞒秘密隐瞒秘密 keep sb from doing sth keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事阻止某人干某事 keep/go on doing sth keep/go on
36、doing sth 继续做某事继续做某事 keep doing sth keep doing sth 不停地做某事不停地做某事 keep off keep off 使不接近使不接近 keep off the grass keep off the grass 远离草坪远离草坪 keep fit keep fit 保持健康保持健康 keep ones promise keep ones promise 履行诺言履行诺言 keep in keep in touchtouch withwith 与与保持联系保持联系 Keep your eyes open _ the boy in a red swea
37、ter.againstforfor26.Charge 1).vtvt 收费收费 charge sb some money for sth charge sb some money for sth 因某物向某人收费因某物向某人收费 n n 收费收费 free of charge=for free=for nothing free of charge=for free=for nothing 免费免费 -How much do you charge me _ it?-In fact it is free _ charge at the weekend.这件衣服他要了我100元。2).vt vt 控
38、告控告 charge sb with sth/doing sth charge sb with sth/doing sth 控告某人做控告某人做某事某事 =accuse sb of sth =accuse sb of sth He was charged _ murder and sentenced to death.3).Vt 3).Vt充电充电 charge the battery charge the battery 给电池充电给电池充电 4).4).n n 主管主管 sbsb be in charge of be in charge of sth sth 某人主管某物某人主管某物 =s
39、b take charge of sth =sb take charge of sth sthsth be in be in thethe charge of charge of sb sb 某物由某人来某物由某人来主管主管 The man _ _ _(The man _ _ _(主管）主管）the gallery the gallery announced that an announced that an exhibition of paintings will be held.exhibition of paintings will be held.The programme is _
40、_ _ _ Mr Zhang.The programme is _ _ _ _ Mr Zhang.forofHe charged me 100 yuan for the coat.within charge of in the charge of 27.announce vt 宣布；声称 announcement n 宣布；通知 announce sth to sb=announce to sb sth announce sth to sb=announce to sb sth 向某人宣布某事向某人宣布某事（explain explain）AsAs is announcedis announc
41、ed,=It is announced that It is announced that 据报道据报道 make an announcement make an announcement thatthat 宣布宣布 1).The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry 1).The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news announced the news _ _ the reporters.the reporters.2)._ is announced in todays newspaper,t
42、hey have 2)._ is announced in todays newspaper,they have succeeded in succeeded in solving many problems about the new technology.solving many problems about the new technology.=_ is announced in todays newspaper that they.=_ is announced in todays newspaper that they.3).They_ _ _(3).They_ _ _(宣布宣布/
43、向我们宣布）向我们宣布）that they that they would would publish a new book.publish a new book.explain sth to sb=explain to sb sth 非限制性定语从句主语从句同位语从句 toAs Itmade an announcement/announced to us 28.amount n 数量 1).A large amount of+不可数名词+谓语单数 large amounts of+不可数名词+谓语复数 With more forests being destroyed,a large amo
44、unt of good earth _(be)being washed away each year.There _(be)large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games.To my disappointment,a large amount of money _(waste)so far.2).Vi amount to a.共计(=add up to)；b.等同于(be equal to)His debts amount to over$20,000.His answer amounts to a refusal.i
45、s arehas been wasted 29.approach 1).a a.n 方法 the approach to doing sth=the way to do sth/the way of doing sth b b.n 接近 with the approach of 随着的临近 The best approach to _(explore)the puzzle is to keep your eyes open.翻译：随着考试的临近，我越来越紧张。2).Vt vi 接近：approach sp 接近某地；be easy to approach 容易接近 着手处理：approach
46、a problem 着手处理一个问题The expert is a person_(容易接近）exploring With the approach of the exam,I became increasingly nervous.easy to approach He is approaching the house.30.ensure vt 保证；确保 ensure the safety of 确保的安全 These road facilities are used _ (ensure)the safety of the cyclists.The polices duty is to _
47、（确保的安全）citizens.31.generous adj generosity dnrsti n 慷慨；大方 generously adv 1).adj 慷慨的;大方的 be generous with sth 在方面很大方 be mean with sth 在方面很吝啬 Its generous of sb to do sth 某人做某事真是慷慨 2).adj宽宏大量的 be generous to sb 对某人很宽厚 be mean to sb 对某人很刻薄 3).adj丰富的 There will be generous paintings on show.These volunt
48、eers are every generous _ the old men.The young man is very generous _ his time in helping others.Its generous _ you to lend your portable computer to me.to ensure ensure the safety oftowith of人的品格 32.ancestor=forefather 祖先 33.position n 位置（location）；姿态；职位；处境 position/case/situation/point/stage/syst
49、em/scene模糊地点先行词如果句子中不缺成分用where 引导定语从句 1).Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.2).Today,well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the languages properly.3).Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves
50、 differently.4).Until today,we have reached a stage_ we have almost no rights at all.5).I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.where wherewherewherewhere He sits in a comfortable position.姿势 He holds the position as a manager.担任职位 He is in a difficult position
