1、Unit 4GrammarLead-inObserving the following sentencesa.Have you seen the film?b.When are we going to drink to your happiness?c.There are three books on the desk.d.Only then did I fully understand what my father said.Inversion倒装句倒装句定义？定义？I love English.基本语序基本语序The natural ordersubject(主主)+predicate(谓
2、谓)+object(宾宾)一、概述：一、概述：英语句子的基本语序是主语在前、谓语动词英语句子的基本语序是主语在前、谓语动词在后（在后（the natural orderthe natural order），也就是陈述句），也就是陈述句语序；语序；当谓语放在主语前面语序颠倒时就构成了倒装当谓语放在主语前面语序颠倒时就构成了倒装语序（语序（the inverted orderthe inverted order），也就是疑问句），也就是疑问句语序。语序。倒装句倒装句 InversionStudy Aims:倒装句结构倒装句结构目的目的三、倒装的目的：三、倒装的目的：2.修辞要求：修辞要求：为了强调
3、；为了强调；为描写生动；为描写生动；为衔接上下为衔接上下 文；为文；为平衡句子平衡句子1.语语法要求：疑问句，法要求：疑问句，there be,祝愿句祝愿句倒装句倒装句 InversionStudy Aims:完全倒装完全倒装部分倒装部分倒装倒装句结构倒装句结构目的目的1.部分倒装结构：部分倒装结构：助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词/系动词系动词+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词 Never have I heard such a thing.=I have never heard such a thing.2.全部倒装结构：全部倒装结构：谓语动词谓语动词+主语主语 Down fell the tra
4、in.=The train fell down.倒装语序倒装语序 The inverted order五五.常见的部分倒装句：常见的部分倒装句：1.never,seldom,little,rarely，nowhere,not,no位于位于句首时句首时Never have I seen him before.Seldom do we go out.Little does he know what trouble he is in.Nowhere are we going at the weekend.Ex:I never have seen such a wonderful performanc
5、e.have I seen such a wonderful performance.NeverHardly had they gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.ObservingNo sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.Scarcely had we began when we were told to stop.2.No soonerthan Hardly when Scarcely whe
6、nHardly had they gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.位于句首位于句首一一就就（两个动作一前一后（两个动作一前一后发生）发生）他们一走出教室就下雨了。No sooner/hardly+过去完成时过去完成时,than/when+过去时过去时3.含有含有NO的介词短语位于句首的介词短语位于句首At no time(从不，决不从不，决不)will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.By no means（决不）（决不）can teaching be separated fro
7、m practice.at no timeby no meansin no wayon no accountin no case4.Not onlybut also连接两个句子时连接两个句子时He is not only an actor but also a writer.Not only is he an actor but also(he is)a writer.There was not only no electricity at that time,but also(there was)no water in the area.Not only was there no elect
8、ricity at that time but also(there was)no water in the area.5 so neither/nor引起的句子表示引起的句子表示前面所说的情况前面所说的情况也适用于另一个也适用于另一个人人He likes rice very well.So do I.I have never been abroad.Neither has he.We saw the film last week.They saw it,too.We saw the film last week.So_ _.I didnt read the notice on the bla
9、ckboard.He didnt either.I didnt read the notice on the blackboard.Nor _ _.*It was cold yesterday.So it was.Exercises:did theydid he2)但如果上文所述两件事也适合另一个人或但如果上文所述两件事也适合另一个人或 物，就用物，就用 So it is/was with sb.或或It is/was the same with sb.。Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language.So it was
10、with Engels.注意：注意：1)当当 so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或 肯定，意为肯定，意为“的确如此的确如此”时，不可用倒装结构。时，不可用倒装结构。-Its raining hard.-So it is.ObservingNot until yesterday did I know the news.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.6.not until 位于句首位于句首I did not begin to do my homework until m
11、y mother came back.Not until(my mother came back)did I begin to do my homework.注意：当注意：当not until引出主从复合句时，引出主从复合句时，主句用部分主句用部分倒装，从句不用倒装倒装，从句不用倒装Never have I seen him before.Little does he know what trouble he is in.Hardly had they gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.At no time will China b
12、e the first to use nuclear weapons.Neither has he.Not until yesterday did I know the news.句首有表示否定或者半否定的词语用部句首有表示否定或者半否定的词语用部分倒装分倒装Not only is he an actor but also(he is)a writer.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.7.so/suchthat 位于句首位于句首Such a famous man is he that
13、 everyone wants to take a photo with him.We can solve the problem only by working harder.I realized that I should have taken your advice only when I lost the game.Only by working harder can we solve the problem.Only when I lost the game did I realize that I should have taken your advice.8.Only+状语，位于
14、句首状语，位于句首Only in this way can you work out the problem.only+介词短语修饰整句Only then did I recognize her.only+副词修饰整句Only when the war was over was he able to get back home.only+when/if/after的从句修饰整句Only you can help me.Had you worked hard at your lessons,you would have passed the exam.If you had worked hard
15、 at your lessons,you would have passed the exam.If I were you,I would try it again.Were I you,I would try it again.If I should be free tomorrow,Ill come.Should I be free tomorrow,Ill come.9.省略了省略了 if 的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是 were,had,should 时，可省略时，可省略if,但其谓语须倒装。但其谓语须倒装。Summary：部分倒装的情况如下：部分倒装的情况如下：1.never,seldom,little,nowhere,no,not 2.no soonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen 3.in no way,at no time,by no means,in no case 4.not onlybut also 5.so,neither,nor 6.not until.7.Only+状语状语 8.so/such that 9.省略省略if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句
