1、Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city park.Id like to help homeless people.She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.Grammar FocusMario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.She volunteers ther
2、e once a week to help kids lean to read.Im making some signs to put up around the school.动词不定式是一种动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式非谓语动词形式，其结构为其结构为“toto动词原形动词原形”，其中，其中toto不是不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、主语、表语、宾
3、语、补足语、定语、状语补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习等。本单元主要学习其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。(一一)动词不定式动词不定式 一一.作宾语作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：有：begin,want,remember,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。例：等。例：I want to tell you a story.They begin to work at eigh
4、t every morning.Dont forget to lock the door.Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?二二.作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。例如：例如：The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.Please let me help you.动词不定式作
5、宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。等。但在但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官听觉动词或使役动词等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1.不可以省不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语
6、补足语：tell/ask/want/would like/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/depend on等等+sb.+to do sth.例：例：The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.I want you to go now.Her parents wish her to be a teacher.2.省省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语补足语：Let/make/have+sb.+do sth.Let the boy go out now.The boy made the baby cr
7、y.see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb.+do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.I often hear the girl sing in the next room.3.可省可不省的：可省可不省的：help sb.（to）do sth.I often help my mother（to）do housework.否定形式：否定形式：（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加之前加not.例：例：Tell them not to play f
8、ootball in the street.（2）省）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加词前面加not.例：例：Let the boy not go.三三.作状语作状语:（1）作目的状语。如：）作目的状语。如：He stopped to have a rest.强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用不定式可用in order to或或so as to+动词原形，动词原形，so as to不用于句首。如：不用于句首。如：The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.（2）作结
9、果状语。如：）作结果状语。如：He woke up only to find everybody gone.His grandma lived to see the liberation of China.He is old enough to go to school.（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如容词后作原因状语。如:Im proud to have taken part in the competitions.e.g.Im happy to have found many things I can do.Phrasal verb
10、Sentence Meaning cheer upHe looks sad.Lets cheer him up.make sb happiergive outWere going to give out money to the poor.hand outcome up with We need to come up with some ideas.think up(二二)动词短语动词短语一、定义一、定义 动词之后加介词或副词构成短语动词之后加介词或副词构成短语,表达表达 一种特定的含义一种特定的含义,称为动词短语。称为动词短语。二、分类二、分类 1.1.动词动词+介词介词 2.2.动词动词+
11、副词副词 3.3.其它类动词词组其它类动词词组 1.动词动词+介词介词look at 看看 look like 看上去像看上去像 look after 照料照料 listen to 听听welcome to 欢迎到欢迎到 say hello to 向向问好问好 speak to 对对说说此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。e.g.He is looking after his sister.She always takes care of these childr
12、en.2.动词动词+副词副词 “动词动词+副词副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：所构成的短语义分为两类：A动词（动词（vt.）+副词副词 put on 穿上穿上 take off 脱下脱下 write down 记下记下此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。的前面。e.g.He took off his coat.B动词（动词（vi）+副词副词 come on 赶快赶快 get up 起床起床 go home 回家回家 come in 进来进来 sit down 坐
13、下坐下 stand up 起立起立此类短语属于不及物动词此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。不可以带宾语。e.g.Come on!The bus is coming!close the door look the same go to work/class be ill have a look/seat have supper look young go shopping watch TV/games play games3 3、其它类动词词组、其它类动词词组1.由由put引导的短语引导的短语put away put on put up put off put into put downpu
14、t out 常用短语及用法常用短语及用法把把放好放好穿上，把穿上，把放在放在上上举起，表现出，张贴举起，表现出，张贴推迟，拖延推迟，拖延把把放入，把放入，把翻译成翻译成记下，放下记下，放下放出，伸出放出，伸出2.由由give引导的短语引导的短语give upgive ingive outgive awaygive backgive off放弃放弃屈服，让步屈服，让步分发，散发；用尽，耗尽分发，散发；用尽，耗尽捐赠，赠送；分发捐赠，赠送；分发归还，恢复归还，恢复发出，放出发出，放出3.由由call 引导的短语引导的短语 call on call up call in call at call f
15、or 访问（某人）；号召；要求访问（某人）；号召；要求打电话给打电话给；使人想起；使人想起找来，请来找来，请来访问访问(某处某处)；(车，船等车，船等)停靠停靠(某处某处)需要，要求需要，要求.由由take 引导的短语引导的短语 take back take after take away take down take up take over take off拿回；使疑惑拿回；使疑惑像像拿走，减去拿走，减去写下，记下；拆卸写下，记下；拆卸占据空间占据空间接过接过；接管；接管脱下；飞机起飞脱下；飞机起飞5.由由look 引导的短语引导的短语 look after look for look a
16、t look into look through look out look out of look up look like照顾，照料照顾，照料寻找，找寻找，找看看调查；向调查；向里看里看浏览，快速地看浏览，快速地看小心小心向向外看外看查找，查询；向查找，查询；向上看上看看起来像看起来像6.由由show引导的短语引导的短语 show up show off show around出现，露面出现，露面炫耀，卖弄炫耀，卖弄带带参观参观7.由由turn引导的短语引导的短语turn upturn onturn offturn downturn toturn overturn inturn out把把
17、(音量音量)开大；出现，到达开大；出现，到达打开打开关掉关掉(煤气、水、电等煤气、水、电等)把把(音量音量)关小；拒绝关小；拒绝向向求助；转向求助；转向翻转，翻身翻转，翻身归还，就寝归还，就寝结果是结果是，证明是，证明是；生产；生产1.I want to_ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.Im too busy with my studies this year.2.She hopes to_ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers
18、for their after-school programs.4a Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box.put up hand out call up cheer upcome up with give out put offput offcall up3.Our class is trying to_ some ideas to_ sick children because they are often sad.4.We decided to _signs around the school and_ notices to te
19、ll students about the book sale.We will_ the money from the sale to homeless e up withcheer upput uphand outgive out4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.help move do make visit spendMost people today are only worried about getting good jobs _ lots of money.In their fr
20、ee time,they think about what_ for fun.However,few people think about what they can do_ others.There are many peopleto doto helpto makewho are less lucky than us.Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _ our free time.For example,we can make plans_ sick children in the hospital or r
21、aise money for homeless people.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year_ to anotherplace，like one of the countries in Africa,and help people thereto spendto visitto move4c Complete the sentences with your own ideas.Use infinitives.1.Id like to volunteer_.2.At 12:00 a.m.,I ca
22、lled my friend_ _.3.Im very busy but I could help_ _4.Summer vacation is coming,and I want_ _5.I want to travel alone.My parents told me (not)_.Choose the best answer.()1.Would you please drive faster?My flight is _.A.taking off B.getting off C.turning off D.putting off()2.-How is the play going?-We
23、 are going to _ tomorrow.A.put on it B.put it off C.put it on D.put off it()3.We have to _ our things if we travel on a train or a bus.A.look at B.look up C.look like D.look after A B D()4.If you _ a new idea,please call me as soon as possible.A.keep up with B.catch up with C.feed up with D.come up
24、with()5.Please _ the box carefully.It is filled with glasses.A.put down B.put on C.put off D.put together()6.-_!Theres a car coming!-Oh.Thanks.A.Look over B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out D A D()7.Its very cold today.Youd better put _ your coat when you go out.A.away B.down C.on D.up()8.Lucy,could you
25、 please help me _ the map on the blackboard?A.put into B.put up C.put out D.put on()9.“Get a ladder,please.I cant _.”Jim said in a tall tree.A.come back B.come out C.come down D.come over C B C()10.I cant see the words clearly.Can I _ the light?A.turn on B.put off C.hold on D.take off()11.As soon as
26、 the man walked into the warm room,he _ his heavy coat and sat down.A.took away B.took down C.took off D.took up()12.Would you mind _ my pet dog while Im away?A.setting up B.looking after C.turning down D.keeping outA C B()13.-Mum,Im offered 8,000 Yuan a month of the job.-Really?It just sounds _to b
27、e true.A.so well B.too good C.good enough D.too well()14.When he _ home,he saw his mother cleaning the room.A.got up B.got back C.got off D.got on()15.Father is sleeping.Youd better _ quiet.A.to keep B.keep C.keeping D.kept B B B Homework Revise the structures learned in this section and try to make dialogues with them.
