1、山东济宁高三英语下册一轮质量检测试卷 1 / 11 山东省济宁市第一中学 2020 届高三英语下学期一轮质量检测试题 （时间：（时间：100100 分钟分钟 满分：满分：120120 分）分） 第第 I I 卷卷 第一部分第一部分 阅读阅读( (共两节共两节, , 满分满分 5050 分分) ) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分。满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A Six years ago, Sam Shapiros family adopted a 15-year-old boy from Cite Solei
2、l, Haiti. A few years later, in June 2015, Shapiro wanted to learn more about where his brother grew up, so he visited his brothers hometown. What Shapiro saw was a small city where 100 percent of the population lived in poverty. He saw homeless children with no access to education, activities or sa
3、fe spaces to play. He also saw a run-down, abandoned basketball court. Shapiro couldnt fix everything. But he could do something. “I thought athletics could be used to give kids opportunities for organized activities that could keep them off the streets,” said Shapiro. A year after his first visit,
4、Shapiro returned to Cite Soleil with his friend Jack Moe. The next month, Shapiro and Moe then 16-year-old sophomores (大二学 生) at the Blake School formed a nonprofit, called “Sprint to Cite Soleil”, to benefit the citys youth. The core program of Sprint to Cite Soleil is basketball, but it also consi
5、sts of nutrition and community-building to benefit children aged 5 to 18. “Our mission originally was to provide a new basketball court,” said Moe. “But we soon realized that a lot of kids wanted to play basketball, and more than just a court was needed. We sent jerseys, basketballs, basketball pump
6、s and shoes. Hundreds of kids showed up for a clinic.” They soon hired 10 coaches and four cooks to prepare nutritious meals for the 160 boys and girls who train every Saturday and Sunday. And they hired director Joseph Sadrack, a local native, whom Shapiro calls “trustworthy and right for the leade
7、rship position .” From the start, Shapiro, Moe and Sadrack agreed on how the program should develop. “We are very much a partnership,” said Shapiro. “Personally, Ive seen a lot of organizations trying to help in foreign countries. They have their own mindset and want to do things their way.” “Im not
8、 living there,” he continued. “I dont know what they need. Before any decision is made, we ask Joseph, What can we do? and, What do they need?” Now sophomores in college Shapiro at Wake Forest University in North Carolina and Moe at Stanford in California they continue their work as co-presidents of
9、 the nonprofit. Shapiro said its been a rewarding experience. 山东济宁高三英语下册一轮质量检测试卷 2 / 11 “Im proud that, despite the somewhat of a language and cultural barrier, were able to communicate,” said Shapiro. “Im proud that others believe in us and trust us. Thats what were most proud of. Being able to cre
10、ate it and maintain it.” 1. Why did Shapiro go to Haiti? A. To visit his brother. B. To do a part-time job. C. To help his family adopt a kid. D. To learn about his brothers hometown. 2. What do we know about Sprint to Cite Soleil? A. It is only run by two American boys. B. It makes profits from the
11、 local government. C. It stopped after Shapiro became a sophomore. D. It provides resources for children and teens. 3. What does Shapiro learn from the program? A. The language barrier is a big problem. B. It will be great for his future career. C. It is difficult but gives him a good feeling. D. It
12、 is too expensive but he will continue. B B I still remember I was 11 years old when I asked my mom for piano lessons in 2010. We were in the fallout of the recession (经济衰退). She said a polite “no”. That didnt stop me. I Googled the measurements for a keyboard, drew the keys on a piece of paper and
13、stuck it on my desk. I would click notes on an online keyboard and “play” them back on my paper one keeping the sound they made on the computer in my head. I spent six months playing without touching a real piano. Once my mom saw that I was serious, she borrowed money and bought me 10 lessons. I sti
14、ll remember the first one. I was struck by how real the sound of the piano was. I sat my grade one after eight lessons. Once I started secondary school, we couldnt afford lessons again. I passed grade three, then grade five, practicing only on my piece of paper. One evening, when I was about 13, my
15、mom said she had a surprise for me; it was an electronic keyboard, bought with more borrowed money. It was the first time Id played for her. She was in shock. My school didnt offer music A-level. I found the Purcell School for young musicians. The tryouts were difficult. Some of the questions involv
16、ed an estimation (评价) of the composer or when it was written. I felt overwhelmed. To my amazement I was offered a place. At Purcell, I spent two years working as hard as I could. I performed to raise money and saved enough to buy my first piano. When I left Purcell, I was awarded the senior piano pr
17、ize and senior academic music prize. I am now at the Guildhall School in London. I feel proud: its been 山东济宁高三英语下册一轮质量检测试卷 3 / 11 10 years since I drew my paper piano, and Im at one of the worlds leading music schools. The irony is that I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano: what
18、 we call mental practice. The paper piano helped spark my curiosity about how music works, the building blocks that form the pieces. 4. Why did the authors mom buy him lessons at last? A. She suddenly made a fortune. B. She had no doubt of his talent for piano. C. She realized he meant what he said.
19、 D. She was shocked by his first performance. 5. Which of the following can best describe the author? A. honest and practical. B. determined and hardworking. C. humorous and reliable. D. rebellious and pessimistic. 6. The word “irony” in the last paragraph shows that the author was _. A. surprised B
20、. absurd C. satisfied D. curious 7. Whats the authors main purpose of writing this article? A. To introduce the method of mental practice. B. To share how he convinced his mom to buy a piano. C. To encourage people to stick to their dreams. D. To describe how costly it is to learn an instrument. C C
21、 We say that technology is a double-edged sword while it brings convenience, it also brings new problems. The sword of “social media” even has a gender preference in its damage: It cuts deeper into girls than boys. Earlier studies have shown that spending too much time on social media is bad for tee
22、nagers mental health. Constantly watching their friends show off “perfect” lives can hurt their own self-esteem. Thats not to mention the problems caused by online shaming and bullying. Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State University in the US, recently discovered an alarming trend: Since 201
23、0, the number of teenage girls who suffer from major depression showing signs like self-harm and suicide has increased much faster than that of boys. In an article she wrote at The Conversation, Twenge said social media, again, was to blame. For starters, girls use social media more than boys. Boys
24、tend to spend their screen time on games, where they talk to their teammates through headphones. This counts as real human contact. Girls, however, simply type and browse through posts, which is a much more isolated experience. “Theyre not having a real-time conversation with someone,” Mary Fristad,
25、 psychologist at The Ohio State University, told NPR. And when it comes to online shaming, girls are also more vulnerable than boys. 山东济宁高三英语下册一轮质量检测试卷 4 / 11 “Girls face more pressure about their appearance, which could be exacerbated (加 重) by social media,” wrote Twenge. Shannon McLaughlin, for ex
26、ample, is an 18-year-old from Blackburn College in the US. She shared with the Guardian how social media made her feel depressed. “I was constantly confronted by women with skinny bodies who were praised for the way they looked. This was only made worse by the diet fixes and skinny culture,” she sai
27、d. But McLaughlin found a solution. She started volunteering with the National Citizen Service, where she made face-to-face contact with people. “Its so easy to forget the importance of real connections when we have hundreds of people that were trying to impress at our fingertips,” she told the Guar
28、dian. And she hopes that others “look up from their phones and focus more on the world around them”. 8. What did Twenge find in her recent study? A. Overuse of social media harms teenagers mental health. B. Social media does more harm to girls than boys. C. Girls suffered more from bullying than boy
29、s. D. Online shaming and bullying are to blame for teenagers depression. 9. Why do girls tend to feel more isolated than boys online, according to Mary Fristad? A. Girls have less real-time interaction with people. B. Playing games allows boys to have more fun than girls. C. Girls suffer more pressu
30、re on social media. D. Girls usually desire more contact with others. 10. The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_”. A. adjusting oneself well B. fighting back bravely C. being unconcerned about something D. being likely to be at risk of something 11. What does McL
31、aughlin advise teenage girls to do? A. Ignore social media and stop following a diet. B. Connect more with the real world. C. Constantly take part in volunteer work. D. Make better use of phones for socializing. D D On the summer of 1995, a second-year graduate student named Sergey Brin was giving a
32、 tour of Stanford University to prospective students. Larry Page, an engineering graduate from the University of Michigan, was one of those being shown around the campus. “We both found each other obnoxious and annoying with strong opinions about things,” said Brin. “But we said it a little bit joki
33、ngly. Obviously, we spent a lot of time talking to each other, so there was something there.” The technology of the web at the time meant that people could tell where a webpage 山东济宁高三英语下册一轮质量检测试卷 5 / 11 linked to just by reading its code. However, to get a complete list of every page to which it lin
34、ked, they needed to check every other website on the Internet. Pages “BackRub” project aimed to qualify these backlinks (反向链接). It was a complex task that not only demanded vast computing resources, but also required extremely complex mathematics, which was where the math genius Brin came in. Later,
35、 Page and Brin came up with the PageRank algorithm a ranking system which would prove to be a breakthrough idea. And then, BackRub became Google, a play on the term “googol,” meaning “10100.” The system successfully enabled users to search all 24 million pages stored in its database. On September 15
36、, 1997, G was registered. In August 1998, it got its first funding in the form of a check for $100,000 written by Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, to “Google Inc.” But still there were troubles. Later that month, Page and Brin moved into the garage (车库) of friend Susan Wojcicki (no
37、w the CEO of YouTube), and received further investment from Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, among others. Early in 1999, Page and Brin attempted to sell Google to Excite, at the time the No. 2 search engine behind Yahoo, for one million dollars. However, even after the pair had been talked down to $750,0
38、00, Excite CEO George Bell rejected them. With no buyer in sight, Google started hiring engineers and moved to an office in California in March 1999. In 2001, Eric Schmidt was hired first as chairman and then CEO, leaving Page and Brin to continue developing Googles products and technologies respect
39、ively. By the end of its first decade, Google had effectively won the search engine wars. 12.According to the article, what can we learn about Larry Page and Sergey Brin? A. They first met each other when studying at Stanford. B. They found their first encounter rather unpleasant. C. They had no int
40、ention of running a business initially. D. They got financial support from Stanford to work on the ranking system. 13. Paragraphs 4 to 5 mainly talk about _. A. what motivated Page to launch the “BackRub” project B. how the “BackRub” project led to the founding of Google C. how the PageRank algorith
41、m worked D. how Brin joined Page in carrying out the “BackRub” project 14. According to the article, who did NOT make an investment in Google? Andy Bechtolsheim. Susan Wojcicki. Jeff Bezos. George Bell. A. B. C. D. 15. What may be the best title for the passage? A. The Internet: how it changed the w
42、orld B. Giant Google: how it beat Excite and Yahoo C. Excite: CEO regretted for refusing the best offer D. Google at 20: how two students changed the Internet 第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余 山东济宁高三英语下册一轮质量检测试卷 6 / 11 选项。 Following the outbreak of the novel c
43、oronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID -19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing the NCPs symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but its potentially more dangerous. Viruses cou
44、ld be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. 16 How can they cause so much trouble? Viruses are non-living organisms approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they cant reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take ov
45、er. Viruses can infect every living thing from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. 17 Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections bring about no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cel
46、l to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. 18 For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system. But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? 19 “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult,” Ed Rybicki, a v
47、irologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses dont leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells theyve invaded.” However, there are three main theories to explain the origin of viruses. Firs
48、t, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells. 20 The technology and evidence we have to
49、day cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. A. But what are viruses? B. For the time being, these are only theories. C. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. D. The answer may be even less satisfactory than it now appears. E. Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. F. Experts are c
