1、修翻译七年制)呼吸影像肺肿瘤1 修翻译七年制)呼吸影像肺肿瘤1(六六)肺肿瘤肺肿瘤 pulmonary tumours2020/12/1822 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 2分类:分类:.原发性 Primary:(1)良性 benign(少见 singularly)(2)恶性malignant 支气管肺癌bronchiogenic cancer(98%)肺肉瘤sarcoma.继发性secondary(肺转移瘤metastasis)2020/12/183分类:2 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 31.1.原发性支气管肺癌(原发性支气管肺癌(Primary bronchogenic carcinoma
2、 of lungPrimary bronchogenic carcinoma of lung):近年来肺癌的发病率与死亡率急剧上升近年来肺癌的发病率与死亡率急剧上升incidence and mortality of lung cancer sharp rised incidence and mortality of lung cancer sharp rised 吸烟吸烟smoking smoking、大气污染、大气污染atmospheric pollutionatmospheric pollution及工业致癌物质及工业致癌物质industrial carcinogenindustrial
3、 carcinogen为主要的致病因素为主要的致病因素causative agent causative agent 2020/12/1841.原发性支气管肺癌(P r i ma r y b r o n c h o g e n i(1)病理)病理 pathology:癌起源于支气管上皮癌起源于支气管上皮bronchial epithelium,腺体腺体glandular organ或细支气管及肺泡上皮或细支气管及肺泡上皮epithelium of the bronchiole or alveolus 2020/12/185(1)病理 p a t h o l o g y :2 0 2 0/1 2
4、/1 8 5肺癌组织学分型肺癌组织学分型 histological type:小细胞肺癌小细胞肺癌small cell lung cancer;SCLC及非小细胞肺癌及非小细胞肺癌nonsmall-cell lung cancer;NSCLC 非小细胞肺癌非小细胞肺癌nonsmall-cell lung cancer;NSCLC分为:分为:鳞癌鳞癌squamocellular cancer腺癌腺癌adenocarcinoma 腺鳞癌腺鳞癌adenosquamous carcinoma 大细胞癌大细胞癌 large cell carcinoma 2020/12/186肺癌组织学分型 h i s
5、t o l o g i c a l t y p e:2 0 2 0大体病理分型大体病理分型 macropathology:中央型中央型 central type:周围型周围型 peripheral:弥漫型弥漫型 diffuse:2020/12/187大体病理分型 ma c r o p a t h o l o g y :2 0 2 0/1 2按照肺癌的发生部位可以分为三型按照肺癌的发生部位可以分为三型 position position:中心型中心型 central type central type:系指发生于肺段以上支气管的肺癌系指发生于肺段以上支气管的肺癌above the segment
6、al bronchi above the segmental bronchi 外围型外围型 peripheral peripheral:系指发生于肺段支气管以下的肺癌系指发生于肺段支气管以下的肺癌below the segmental bronchi below the segmental bronchi 细支气管肺泡癌细支气管肺泡癌bronchioalveolar carcinoma bronchioalveolar carcinoma:系指发生于细支气管或肺泡上皮的肺癌系指发生于细支气管或肺泡上皮的肺癌epithelium of the bronchiole or alveolus epi
7、thelium of the bronchiole or alveolus 2020/12/1882 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 8生长方式生长方式 growth pattern:管内型管内型intracanalicular type(息肉(息肉polypus、菜花状、菜花状cauliflowwer)管壁型管壁型wall type(管腔狭窄或闭塞(管腔狭窄或闭塞straitness or occlusion)管外型管外型extratubal type(肺内肿块(肺内肿块intrapulmonary mass)2020/12/189生长方式 g r o w t h p a t t e r n :
8、2 0 2 0/1 2/12020/12/18102 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 1 0(2)临床)临床clinic:咳嗽咳嗽cough、咳血、咳血emptysis、胸痛、胸痛chest pain、气促、气促polypnea 压迫症状压迫症状pressure symptom:上腔静脉综合征上腔静脉综合征superior vena cava syndrome,膈神经,膈神经nervi phrenicus和喉返神经和喉返神经recurrent laryngeal nerve麻痹麻痹paralysis等等肺外症状肺外症状extrapulmonary symptom:杵状指杵状指achropachy、
9、肺性肥大性骨关节病、肺性肥大性骨关节病hypertrophic pulmonary arthropathy等等2020/12/1811(2)临床c l i n i c:2 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 1 1不同部位的肺癌可有以下几种生长方式不同部位的肺癌可有以下几种生长方式 growth pattern:管内型管内型intracanalicular type:癌瘤向管腔内生长,形成息肉样或菜花样肿块,逐渐引起癌瘤向管腔内生长,形成息肉样或菜花样肿块,逐渐引起支气管阻塞支气管阻塞intracanalicular polypoid or cauliflower-like mass block br
10、onchus 管壁型管壁型wall type:癌瘤沿支气管壁浸润生长癌瘤沿支气管壁浸润生长along bronchus,可使管壁增厚,可使管壁增厚thethewall wall thickening,造成支气管狭窄或阻塞,造成支气管狭窄或阻塞straitness or occlusion 管外型管外型extratubal type:癌瘤穿透支气管壁向外生长,在肺内形成肿块癌瘤穿透支气管壁向外生长,在肺内形成肿块penetrate the wall excentric growth,intrapulmonary mass型多为中心型肺癌的生长方式型多为中心型肺癌的生长方式growth patte
11、rn of the central lung cancer 2020/12/1812不同部位的肺癌可有以下几种生长方式 g r o w t h p a t t e肺段以下较小支气管的肺癌,很易侵入肺内形成肿块肺段以下较小支气管的肺癌,很易侵入肺内形成肿块intrapulmonary mass is is usual in the lung cancer the lung cancer below the segmental bronchi 细支气管或肺泡上皮的肺癌细支气管或肺泡上皮的肺癌the cancer from the cancer from epithelium of the bron
12、chiole or alveolus 初期可沿肺泡壁生长,形成孤立结节状肿块初期可沿肺泡壁生长,形成孤立结节状肿块initial stage,grow along the wall of along the wall of alveolus ,form a isolated node 晚期可经支气管及淋巴管播散,形成弥散性斑片状或粟粒状癌灶晚期可经支气管及淋巴管播散,形成弥散性斑片状或粟粒状癌灶 advanced stage disseminated along bronchus and lymph vessel form diffuse carcinomatosis 2020/12/1813
13、肺段以下较小支气管的肺癌,很易侵入肺内形成肿块2 0 2 0/1(3)影像表现:)影像表现:中心型中心型 central type:2020/12/1814(3)影像表现:中心型 c e n t r a l t y p e :2A.支气管改变支气管改变bronchus:支气管管壁增厚和管腔狭窄(正常支气管壁厚度均匀,约为支气管管壁增厚和管腔狭窄(正常支气管壁厚度均匀,约为1-3mm)the wall the wall thickening and straitness B.肺门肿块肺门肿块mass in hilus pulmonis,常伴有,常伴有go with阻塞性肺气肿阻塞性肺气肿obst
14、ructive emphysema、阻塞性肺炎、阻塞性肺炎obstructive pneumonia、阻塞性肺不张、阻塞性肺不张obstructive atelectasis C.侵犯纵隔侵犯纵隔mediastinum encroachment D.纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大lymphadenectasis in mediastinum and hilus pulmonis2020/12/1815A.支气管改变b r o n c h u s :2 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 1 52020/12/18162 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 1 6右肺上叶不张右肺上叶不张atelect
15、asis insuperior lobe of right lung 2020/12/1817右肺上叶不张2 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 1 72020/12/18182 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 1 8 中央型肺癌(癌块、肺不张、横中央型肺癌(癌块、肺不张、横S征)征)central lung cancer 2020/12/1819 中央型肺癌(癌块、肺不张、横S 征)c e n t r 外围型肺癌外围型肺癌 peripheral lung cancer:肿瘤位于肺段以下到细支气管之间的支气管肿瘤位于肺段以下到细支气管之间的支气管between the segmental bronchi
16、and the bronchiole 2020/12/1820 外围型肺癌 p e r i p h e r a l l u n g c a n c e主要征象主要征象 main character:A.肿块征肿块征 mass:早期早期early stage直径直径diameter2cm,轮廓模糊,轮廓模糊weakened contours,密度稍高之结节,密度稍高之结节slightly high density lesion、球状或小片状影、球状或小片状影globosity or lamellar 密度有时不均、出现空泡征密度有时不均、出现空泡征vacuole sign等等the densit
17、y is inhomogeneous 中晚期呈分叶状肿块,边缘有短毛刺,亦可有癌洞等中晚期呈分叶状肿块,边缘有短毛刺,亦可有癌洞等middlelate stage the mass is lobulated,shallow needling and cavity 癌块倍增时间平均约癌块倍增时间平均约3月月average doubling time is about 3 months2020/12/1821主要征象 ma i n c h a r a c t e r :2 0 2 0/1 2/1B.转移征转移征 同中央型同中央型metastatic is the same as central l
18、ung cancer C.阻塞征阻塞征 在病灶周围,较中央型范围小在病灶周围,较中央型范围小obstruction is less-than central lung cancer D.胸膜受侵征(局限性增厚胸膜受侵征(局限性增厚localized thickening,胸膜凹陷征,胸膜凹陷征pleural indentation sign等)等)pleura is encroached 2020/12/1822B.转移征 同中央型me t a s t a t i c i s t h e s发生于肺尖部的癌称肺上沟癌(发生于肺尖部的癌称肺上沟癌(pancoast tumor)apical 可侵
19、蚀邻近肋骨及椎体并可压迫臂丛引起臂痛可侵蚀邻近肋骨及椎体并可压迫臂丛引起臂痛encroach rib and vertebrae,press brachial plexus 也可压迫颈部交感神经而引起也可压迫颈部交感神经而引起Horner综合征综合征press press cervical sympathetic nerve 表现为同侧眼睑下垂、瞳孔缩小表现为同侧眼睑下垂、瞳孔缩小homolateral ptosis and myosis 2020/12/1823发生于肺尖部的癌称肺上沟癌(p a n c o a s t t u mo r)a细支气管肺泡癌细支气管肺泡癌 bronchioalv
20、eolar carcinoma:肿瘤位于细支气管或肺泡上皮肿瘤位于细支气管或肺泡上皮 epithelium of the bronchiole or alveolus A.早期早期early stage:为孤立的结节状或肺炎样浸润影:为孤立的结节状或肺炎样浸润影isolated invasion lesion,内有含气的小透明区,内有含气的小透明区aerated transparent zone(空泡征(空泡征vacuole sign)B.晚期晚期 later period:一侧肺或两肺出现多数大小不等一侧肺或两肺出现多数大小不等unilateral or bilateral multiply
21、 inequality of size、境界不清、境界不清ill-defined的结节或斑片状影的结节或斑片状影nodular or patchy lesion,发展则融合成大片絮状影,发展则融合成大片絮状影patchy shadow2020/12/1824细支气管肺泡癌 b r o n c h i o a l v e o l a r c a r c周周 围围 型型 肺肺 癌癌peripheral lung cancer(早期(早期early stage)2020/12/1825周 围 型 肺 癌p e r i p h e r a l l u n g c2020/12/18262 0 2 0/
22、1 2/1 8 2 6 周围型肺癌周围型肺癌peripheral lung cancer peripheral lung cancer(中晚期(中晚期middlelate stage middlelate stage)2020/12/1827 周围型肺癌p e r i p h e r a l l u n g c a n c e r 2020/12/18282 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 2 8Age/Sex:Age/Sex:57/M 57/M Chief complaints:Chief complaints:cough,sputum,and mild fever for 6 months c
23、ough,sputum,and mild fever for 6 monthsSquamous cell lung cancer(with cystic lung to lung metastasis)Squamous cell lung cancer(with cystic lung to lung metastasis)2020/12/1829A g e/S e x:2 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 2 92020/12/18302 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 3 02020/12/18312 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 3 1 周围型肺癌(空洞、胸膜凹陷征周围型肺癌(空洞、胸膜凹陷征)pe
24、ripheral lung cancer 2020/12/1832 周围型肺癌(空洞、胸膜凹陷征)p e r i p h e r a l l肺上沟癌肺上沟癌 Pancoast cancer 2020/12/1833肺上沟癌 P a n c o a s t c a n c e r 2 0 2 0/1 2 MRI显示肿瘤已侵犯了主动脉(箭)显示肿瘤已侵犯了主动脉(箭)2020/12/1834 MR I 显示肿瘤已侵犯了主动脉(箭)2 0 2 0/1肺上沟癌伴骨转移肺上沟癌伴骨转移 Pancoast cancer with osseous metastasis 2020/12/1835肺上沟癌伴骨转
25、移 P a n c o a s t c a n c e r w i t h 双肺细支气管肺泡癌双肺细支气管肺泡癌bilateral bronchioalveolar carcinoma 2020/12/1836 双肺细支气管肺泡癌b i l a t e r a l b r o n c h 2.肺转移性肿瘤(肺转移性肿瘤(Metastatic tumors of lung)临床特点临床特点clinical feature:原发瘤经血行、淋巴或直接方式至肺原发瘤经血行、淋巴或直接方式至肺hematogenous metastasis,lymphatic metastasis or direct m
26、etastasis 主要症状有咳嗽主要症状有咳嗽cough、咳血、咳血emptysis、气短、气短polypnea和胸痛和胸痛chest pain等等2020/12/1837 2.肺转移性肿瘤(Me t a s t a t i c t u mo r s o f(2)影像学表现)影像学表现imaging:血行转移血行转移 hematogenous metastasis:A.多见于两肺中、下肺野外带多见于两肺中、下肺野外带bilateral besides middle and lower field 常多发常多发multiple,少单发,少单发B.呈大小不等呈大小不等I nequality of
27、 size,密度均匀,密度均匀homogeneous desity,边界清楚的棉球状致密影,边界清楚的棉球状致密影sharply marginated globular high density lesionC.少数呈粟粒状或片状模糊影,也可出现空洞或钙化少数呈粟粒状或片状模糊影,也可出现空洞或钙化few is miliary or patchy fuzzy image,may have cavity or calcification 2020/12/1838(2)影像学表现i ma g i n g :2 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 3 8淋巴转移淋巴转移 lymphatic metastas
28、is:A.单侧或双侧肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大单侧或双侧肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大unilateral or bilateral lymphadenectasis in mediastinum and hilus pulmonisB.自肺门向肺野呈放射状分布索条状、条点状或网状致密影。自肺门向肺野呈放射状分布索条状、条点状或网状致密影。radial cord,stipple or reticular shadow 直接转移直接转移 direct metastasis:A.邻近肺的组织如纵隔、胸壁、胸膜有肿瘤邻近肺的组织如纵隔、胸壁、胸膜有肿瘤mass in adjacent tissue such as mediastinum,chest wall and pleura B.肺内出现大小不等转移灶肺内出现大小不等转移灶intrapulmonary metastasis inequality of size 2020/12/1839淋巴转移 l y mp h a t i c me t a s t a s i s :2 肺肺 转转 移移 瘤瘤 两两 例(血行转移)例(血行转移)2020/12/1840 肺 转 移 瘤 两 例(血行转移)22020/12/18412 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 4 12020/12/18422 0 2 0/1 2/1 8 4 2谢谢