1、 一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句 在英语中,时间状语从句的连接词常常有:when(当.的时候),whenever(每当.),as(当.时),since(自从.),until(直到.,如果不.),till(直到.),before(在.前),after(在.后),as soon as(一.就),once(一旦.),the moment(一.就),immediately(一.就),the day(在.那天),no sooner.than(一.就),hardly(scarcely).when(一.就),the instant(一.就),instantly(一.就),directly(一.就),the
2、 minute(一.就),the second(一.就),every time(每当.),by the time(等到.的时候)等。(一)译成相应的时间状语 While she spoke,the tears were running down.她说话时,泪水直流。As he finished the speech,the audience burst into applause.他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。(二)译成“一(刚、每).就”的结构 Ill let you know as soon as I have it arranged.我一安排好就通知你。Directly he utte
3、red these words there was a dead silence.他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来。(三)译成条件句 Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果机器发生故障,就把电门关上。A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.若无外力的作用,静止的物体不会移动。在翻译“when”引导的时间状语从句时,切忌不假思索以“当.时候”的句式套用 She came in when I was having supper.我正在
4、吃饭的时候,她进来了。我正吃着饭,她进来了。观察下面的例句,看译者是如何处理的:He was on the verge of losing his temper with his wife when she uttered a cry.他正要对妻子发脾气,忽听她哭叫起来。His interest in music dates back to his childhood,when he used to listen to his father playing the piano.他对音乐的兴趣起源于童年时代的熏陶,那时他就常常听父亲弹钢琴。Before可以引导时间状语从句,中国人习惯按照事物发展
5、的先后顺序进行表达,所以需对原文语序作一调整。Get the lion out of here before it escapes and eats somebody.I had scarcely entered the classroom before the bell rang.Before可以引导让步状语从句:They would fight to death before they surrender.Before可以引导条件状语从句:You have to pay out fifty dollars in cash before they will give the toy gun
6、to you.二、原因状语从句二、原因状语从句 英语中,原因状语从句的连接词常常是:because(因为),since(既然,由于),as(因为),now that(既然),seeing that(既然),considering that(考虑到,因为),in that(在某方面),in view of the fact that(鉴于)。(一)译成表示(一)译成表示“原因原因”的分句,放在主句之的分句,放在主句之前翻译,显示前翻译,显示“前因后果前因后果”的关系。的关系。The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱因为气候干旱,作物歉收
7、。,作物歉收。We had to put the meeting off,since so many people were absent.由于很多人没有来由于很多人没有来,会议只好延期。,会议只好延期。(二)有时候可以用汉语的(二)有时候可以用汉语的“之所以之所以.是因为是因为”的结构来连接。的结构来连接。A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape.气体不同于固体气体不同于固体是因为(就在于)是因为(就在于)它没有固定它没有固定的形状。的形状。He will get promoted,for he has done go
8、od work.他将得到提升,他将得到提升,因为因为他工作干得好。他工作干得好。三、条件状语从句三、条件状语从句 英语中连接条件状语从句的连接词常常有:if(如果),unless(除非,如果不),providing that(假如),so long as(只要),on condition that(条件是),suppose that(假如),in case(如果),only if(只要),if only(但愿,要是.就好了)等。(一)翻译在主句前面。It was better in case they were captured.要是把他们捉到了,那就更好了。If you tell me ab
9、out it,then I shall be able to decide.假如你把一切都告诉我,那么我就能够作出决定。(二)翻译在主句后面,用来补充说明条件。You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚就可以出车,如果你愿意的话 No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.毫无疑问,我本来是可以赚到一点的,如果我真有那样打算的话。四、让步状语从句四、让步状语从句 英语中,表示让步关系的连接词常常有:英语中,表示让步关系的连接词常常有:though(虽(虽然),然),althoug
10、h(虽然),(虽然),even if(即使),(即使),as(尽(尽管),管),while(尽管),(尽管),whatever(无论什么),(无论什么),wherever(无论哪里),(无论哪里),whoever(无论谁),(无论谁),however(无论怎样),(无论怎样),no matter(不论,不管),(不论,不管),for all that(尽管),(尽管),granted that(即使),(即使),in spite of that fact that(尽管),(尽管),despite the fact that(不管)(不管)等等等等。No matter what I say o
11、r how I say it,you always think Im wrong.不管不管我说什么,也不管我怎么说,你说我说什么,也不管我怎么说,你说总认为我错了。总认为我错了。While we can not see the air,we can feel it.我们我们虽然虽然看不见空气,看不见空气,但但却能感觉到它。却能感觉到它。五、目的状语从句五、目的状语从句 在英语中,连接目的状语从句的连接词常常有:that(为了,以便),so that(为了,以便),lest(以防),in case(以防,以免),for fear that(以防)in order that(为了)等等。(一)一般
12、翻译在主句前面。(一)一般翻译在主句前面。一般来说,这种表示一般来说,这种表示“为了为了”的目的状语从句通常放的目的状语从句通常放在主句前面翻译。在主句前面翻译。He pushed the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.为了为了不惊醒她,他轻轻推开房门,悄悄地溜了出去。不惊醒她,他轻轻推开房门,悄悄地溜了出去。We started early so that we might get there before noon.为了为了正午以前赶到那里,我们很早就动身了。正午以前赶到那里,
13、我们很早就动身了。(二)还可以翻译在主句后面,表示“省(免)得”、“以免”、“以便”、“使得”、“生怕”等概念。He emphasized it again and again,lest she should forget.他反复强调这一点,免得她忘了。六、结果状语从句六、结果状语从句(一)英语中,连接结果状语从句的连词常常有:so that,so.that,such.that,to such a degree等等,通常可以翻译为“结果,如此.以致于.”,可以直接翻译。He made a wrong decision,so that half of his lifetime was waste
14、d.他做了错误的决定,结果浪费了自己半生的时间。The difference is such that all will perceive it.差别这么大,所有的人都看得出来。(二)有时候,如果在主句中含有“never,never so,not so,not such”等否定词,“but that和but what”也可以连接结果状语从句,构成双重否定。翻译的时候,可以翻译为“没有.不”。She never comes but she borrow.她不借东西不来。(即:他如果不借东西就不来。)She is not so old but that she can read.她并没有老到不能读书。祝您成功!