1、高考完型填空修炼秘籍高考完型填空修炼秘籍2020.03Funny Time A drunk guy approaches a cute girl in a singles bar.Hi Babe,how about a date?He says.Dont waste your time.I never go out with a perfect stranger.It seems we are both in luck.Im far from perfect.在这个笑话里，美女口中指“complete（完全的）”，醉汉的理解则是“flawless（完美的）”。总纲目录做题步骤考情分析应试技巧真
2、题研析综合小结 卷名体裁题材考点动词形容词副词名词/代词介词(短语)连词2018课标全国夹叙夹议个人经历9317002017记叙文个人经历9515002016记叙文个人经历7315132015记叙文个人经历6338002014议论文社会生活443900合计3518934132018课标全国记叙文个人经历9523102017记叙文个人经历9308002016夹叙夹议人际关系6524212015夹叙夹议个人经历7336012014记叙文人物故事835310合计39191224422018课标全国记叙文人物故事11306002017记叙文人物故事9407002016记叙文个人经历642701合计26
3、1122001做题步骤重视首句，跳过设空，速读全文，把握大意。1-2mins通览胸怀大意，根据技巧，瞻前顾后选答案。先易后难。7-8mins初选借助已经补全的空格，集中解决所遗留的个别难题。1-2mins复选 代入选项全面检查，确保语义连贯，用词准确。1-2mins检查应试技巧一个原则：答案分布均匀五个技巧：词汇复现 上下文推理 逻辑推理 文化背景常识 固定搭配一 词汇复现“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect 和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road 和trail)、反义词(如wrong 和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总
4、称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如 adult 是 my father 的上义词；coat 是 clothes 的下义词)等重复出现在语篇之中。技巧典例分析(1)原词复现(2019年全国卷I)However,I soon 45(discover）that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish.I find a 47（clean）mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.A.equipment B.grass
5、C.camps D.stones(2)词形变化(3)反义词暗示(2019年全国卷II)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 51(phone)number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 52(called)the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53 their dog.50 A.predicted B.advertised C.believed
6、 D.recorded53 A.fed B.adopted C.found D.cured(4)同义词/近义词复现Everyone started to_ 55 their hands.Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening.I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.55.A.clap B.wave C.raise D.shake (5)上下义词提醒(2016课标全国)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport
7、,I figured it all out.Ranis 59 her warm smile,her nods,her Im here for you 60(attitude)were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.A.forgiveness B.eagernessC.friendlinessD.skillfulness 二 上下文推理“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。技巧典例分析(1)挖空处向下看适用于下文是对挖空处的解释或
8、举例(2019年全国卷I)Hearing these stories,Im 44 about the place other destinations are described as“purer”natural experiences.A.silentB.skeptical C.serious D.crazy(2)挖空处向上看适用于上文是对挖空处的描述或举例(2019年全国卷III)When the light 52(appeared),Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 53(sitting)there and stan
9、ding there and taking 54(pictures)of each other,Ro says.The town square was totally 55 .A.new B.fullC.flatD.silent三 逻辑推理“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）和指代关系（this、that、the等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如and 表并列，but 和however 表转折，because和 so 表因果，first of all、then 和 finally 表顺序等）。技巧典例分析（
10、1）and 表并列and 前后表达的意思应该保持一致，或存在一定的顺承含义(2019年全国卷III)When the light 52(appeared),Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54(pictures)of each other,Ro says.The town square was totally 55(full).A.driving B.hidingC.campingD.sitting(2)but 和 however 表转折but
11、 前后表达的意思应该不一致(2019年全国卷I)However,I soon 45(discover）that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46(camps)among tons of rubbish.I find a 47（clean）mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park
12、Authority seem to be 49(paying off).A.newB.special C.significant D.necessary（3）because 和 so 表因果某事的结果，because+原因某事的原因，so+结果(2018年全国卷)Two weeks earlier,my son,Ben,had got in touch.Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id41(last)seen him.So imagine my 42 whe
13、n he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.A.delightB.reliefC.angerD.worry(4)the、this、that 承前指代(2019年全国卷I)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 41(bring)with them lots of waste.The 42 might damage the beauty of the place.A.stories B
14、.buildings C.crowds D.reporters(2019年全国卷I)The best of a Kilimanjaro 50(experience),in my opinion,isnt reaching the top.Mountains are 51(regarded)as spiritual places by many cultures.This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53(climbers)go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilo
15、meters.A.viewB.quality C.reasonD.purpose四 背景常识“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“推理判断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。技巧典例分析 Step 1:了解特定文化背景(2019 山东一模)After medical school,Michael moved to Southern California.He
16、 became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital.A.teacher B.driverC.doctor D.worker五 固定搭配完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。技巧典例分析(1)根据固定搭配直接选择(2019年全国卷I)This 52(view)is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53(climbers)go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilome
17、ters.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,54 lands of low growing plants.A.holding on to B.going back to C.living up to D.giving way to(2)固定搭配+推理判断(2019年全国卷I)The best of a Kilimanjaro 50(experience),in my opinion,isnt reaching the top.Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by m
18、any cultures.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded真题研析真题研析2019课标全国 语篇类型:记叙文主题语境:人与自然词数:252 难度:语境内容:乞力马扎罗山是否被污染第一步析原文Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They41 with them lots of waste.The42 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰
19、川)are disappearing,changing the43 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories,Im44 about the placeother destinations are described as“purer”natural experiences.However,I soon45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of46 among tons of rubbish.I find a47 mountain,with toilets at camps an
20、d along the paths.The environmental challenges are48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania Nati-onal Park Authority seem to be49 .The best of a Kilimanjaro50 ,in my opinion,isnt reaching the top.Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures.This52 is especially evident on Kiliman-jaro as53 go
21、 through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,54 lands of and rocks.58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with59 snow and the glaciers low growing plants.Further up,the weather55 low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which
22、 are covered with thick grass.I56 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland57 :gravel(砾石),stones that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.4
23、1.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters43.A.position B.ageC.faceD.name44.A.silentB.skepticalC.seriousD.crazy45.A.discover B.argueC.decideD.advocate46.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significant D.necessary49.A.paying
24、offB.spreading outC.blowing upD.fading away50.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight51.A.studied B.observedC.exploredD.regarded52.A.view B.qualityC.reasonD.purpose53.A.scientists B.climbers C.localsD.officials54.A.holding on to B.going back toC.living up to D.giving way to55.A.changes B.clearsC
25、.improvesD.permits56.A.match B.imagine C.countD.add57.A.village B.desertC.roadD.lake58.A.ObviouslyB.Easily C.ConsequentlyD.Finally59.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial60.A.enjoy B.deserve C.saveD.acquire文体特征速读文章可知本文为记叙文,根据首句可预测文章可能讲述与“乞力马扎罗山”有关的故事或经历。素养解读本文主题语境为人与自然,语境内容为乞力马扎罗山是否被污染,重在引导学生增强环保意识
26、,积极参与社会实践。重点词汇 attempt to do sth.试图做某事disturbing adj.令人不安的spiritual adj.精神的;心灵的go through 经历base n.基底,底座(此处指山脚)abruptly adv.突然地further up 进一步向上envelope v.笼罩shade n.浓淡深浅;色度第二步巧做题 41 审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 D语境辨词法。句意:他们随身带来了(bring)大量的垃圾。A:保持,遵守;B:(使)混合;C:连接,联合。42 审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 C语境辨词法。根据第一句话可知,每年大约有4万人来到
27、这里,故答案为C项。句意:这些人群(crowds)可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。A:故事;B:建筑物;D:记者。43 审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 C常识辨词法。句意:(山上的)冰川正在消失,改变了乞力马扎罗山的外观特征(face)。A:位置,职位;B:年龄,时代;D:名字。44审题审题考查形容词词义辨析。解题解题 B逻辑关系法。根据后文的描述可知,作者对这里被破坏得面目全非的故事将信将疑(be skeptical about),故选B项。句意:听到这些故事,我对这个地方产生了怀疑。A:沉默的,不出声的;C:认真的,严肃的,严重的;D:疯狂的,着迷的。45审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题
28、A语境辨词法。句意:然而,自从那些天的关于被大量垃圾包围的营地的让人不安的报道以来,我不久就发现(discover)这件事发生了很大的改变。B:争论,辩论;C:决定;D:提倡,拥护。46审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 C原词复现法。根据语境,此处应该是那些登山者在山上的营地(camps)。结合下句话中的with toilets at camps也可知答案为C项。47审题审题考查形容词词义辨析。解题解题 D语境辨词法。结合后文对这座山的环境的改变的描述可知,这座山并不是垃圾遍地,而是干干净净的(clean)。句意:我看到的是一座干净的山,营地和路边都有厕所。48审题审题考查形容词词义辨析。解
29、题解题 C逻辑辨词法。环境挑战是非常重大的(significant)。A:新的;B:特殊的,专用的;D:必要的,必需的。49审题审题考查动词短语辨析。解题解题 A语境辨词法。但是坦桑尼亚国家公园当局所付出的努力好像正在得到回报(paying off)。B:分散;C:爆发,爆炸;D:衰弱。50审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 B语境辨词法。句意:在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的经历(experience)中最好的并不是爬到山顶。A:大气层,氛围;C:实验;D:景象,视力。51审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 D固定搭配法。句意:山被许多文化看作是(be regarded as)精神所在地。A:学
30、习,研究;B:观察,遵守;C:探索。52审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 A语境辨词法。当登山者在爬山的几公里内就能穿越五个生态系统时,看到的这种景象(view)在这座山上特别明显。B:质量,素质;C:原因,理由;D:目的,意图。53审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 B同根词复现法。根据上文可知,此处是指那些登山者(climbers)亲眼看到的景象。54审题审题考查动词短语辨析。解题解题 D语境辨词法。在山底是热带雨林。热带雨林在海拔3千米的地方戛然而止,给低矮的植物让路了。D:为让路;A:抓住不放;B:返回;C:达到,不辜负。55审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 A语境辨词法。再往上攀
31、登,天气就发生了改变(changes)。B:清除,使干净;C:改善,提高;D:允许,许可。56审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 C语境辨词法。句意:从我站立的地方我数到了(count)12处绿荫。A:比得上,使相配;B:想象;D:增加。57审题审题考查名词词义辨析。解题解题 B常识辨词法。句意:在海拔4千米以上是由砾石、石头和岩石组成的高地沙漠(desert)。这里只有各种各样的石头,没有绿色,称得上是一片沙漠了。58审题审题考查副词词义辨析。解题解题 D平行辨词法。最后(Finally),你会爬到一个区域里,这里有常年不化的(permanent)雪和可能会很快消失的冰川。A:明显地,显而易
32、见地;B:容易地;C:因此,结果。59审题审题考查形容词词义辨析。解题解题 A语境辨词法。根据空前“一个类似北极的地区”可知,这个地区终年积雪。A:永久的;B:很少的,很小的;C:新鲜的,清新的;D:人造的。60审题审题考查动词词义辨析。解题解题 B语境辨词法。乞力马扎罗山应该得到(deserve)一座挤满了破坏这里祥和氛围的游客的高山这个名声吗?我认为相反的描述才是正确的。A:享受,喜欢;C:拯救,挽救,保存;D:获得,习得。1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但
33、是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?u切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.小结2.不注意积累答题技巧:a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.3.时间安排不当:在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。u切记:正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑较难的。强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默读,选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.
