1、Handbook for College Research(12)After writing the draft of the paper,set it aside for at least two or three days.Then reread it carefully.Consider the papers organization,content,and style.Ideas should be logically organized,clearly expressed,and effectively supported with appropriate and illuminat
2、ing facts,summaries,paraphrases,and quotationsall smoothly and accurately incorporated.Chapter12 Revising the Paper12aReconsider content.12bRework style.12cEliminate technical errors.12dSolicit responses from other readers.C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12aReconsider content.Appropriateness of or
3、ganizational pattern.Is the organization logical?Would another pattern work better?Transitions between sections.Have you led readers clearly from one part of the discussion to the next?C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12aReconsider content.Balance among sections.Are the sections of the paper approp
4、riately balanced in length and emphasis?Balance in the use of sources.Have you used all sources well?Balance in kinds of sources.Have you used all books or all journal articles or all Internet sources?C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12bRework style.Tone appropriate for subject and purpose.Is the p
5、apers tone suited to the topic and presentation?The paper should be fairly formal but not pretentious or artificial.It is important to maintain a uniform tone throughout:an amusing introduction followed by a serious presentation gives readers mixed signals.Effective sentences.Have you used a variety
6、 of sentence lengths and types？Have you used active,not passive,voice in most sentences?C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12bRework style.Appropriate diction.Are your word choices vivid,accurate,and suitable?Have you explained technical terms effectively?Effective introduction of researched material
7、s.Have you introduced your researched materials with variety and clarity?Effective transitions between sections.Do your transitions effectively connect one main point to the next or one subpoint to the next?C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12cEliminate technical errors.Technical revision focuses on
8、 grammar,punctuation,mechanics,spelling,and manuscript form.After revising content and style,consider technical revisions to make the presentation correct and precise.Give particular attention to issues related to documentation,remembering that different styles(MLA,APA,Chicago,CBE,and others)require
9、 different formats(see Chapters 14-17).Focus on the following issues,while watching for technical errors you make frequently:C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12cEliminate technical errors.Correct grammar used throughout.Are your sentences complete?Do nouns agree with pronouns,and subjects with verb
10、s,in number and gender as appropriate?Punctuation and mechanics handled suitably.Is all punctuation accurate?Are spelling,quotation marks,and the use of italics(or underlining)accurate?C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12cEliminate technical errors.Quotations suitably presented.Have you introduced a
11、ll quotations or merged them with your own senteces?Have you placed all brief quotations in quotation marks within your paragraphs?Have you set off long quotations ten spaces(and omitted the quotation marks)?Paraphrases clearly incorporated.Have you“translated”paraphrased ideas into your own words a
12、nd selectively quoted phrases of special importance？Have you introduced long paraphrases?C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12cEliminate technical errors.Parenthetical notes correctly placed and punctuated.Are parenthetical notes placed appropriately and punctuated accurately,according to the kind of
13、 information being cited and the required docmentary style?Works-cited page prepared accurately.Have you listed only those materials cited in the paper?Is your list appropriately arranged,according to the required documentary style？Is each citation complete and correct,depending on the required kind
14、 of information？Have you include all necessary citations?C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12cEliminate technical errors.Manuscript guidelines used correctly.Have you followed manuscript guidelines for the required docmentary style?Are margins,line spacing,and paging accurate?Does your paper include
15、 all required elements?Review and follow manuscript guidelines carefully.C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12dSolicit responses from other readers.After working on a research paper for weeks,quite naturally you lose your objectivity.That is normal.To get an unbiased response to the paper,consider wo
16、rking with a peer editor.Because a peer editor does not know the topic as well as you do,he or she can read and respond objectively and point out matters that require attention.Before asking someone to serve as your peer editor,however,consider the qualities of an effective peer editor and the strat
17、egies that make peer editing successful.C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12dSolicit responses from other readers.Qualities of a Peer EditorKnowledgeable.A good peer editor knowns something,though not necessarily everything,about the research process.For this reason,someone in your classwith the sam
18、e classroom experiencesis an excellent choice.Thoughtful.A good peer editor may know little about your topic,but he or she is a careful reader who gives attention to ideas and information.C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12dSolicit responses from other readers.Qualities of a Peer Editor Curious.A g
19、ood peer editor wants to know more about a subject,whatever it is.He or she poses questions,challenges assumptions,and requires thorough explanations.Honest.A good peer editor evaluates your work truthfully,recognizing that only honest criticism helps you improve your writing.C h a p t e r12 Revisin
20、g the Paper12dSolicit responses from other readers.Qualities of a Peer EditorFlexible.A good peer editor adapts to your needs,giving special attention to your concerns.He or she is flexible enough to realize that you must evaluate the comments and decide how to use them.Collegial.A good peer editor
21、treats you with respect and is never overbearing；instead,he or she draws attention to specific concerns but leaves the method of addressing the problems up to you.Thorough.A good peer editor reviews writing comprehensively,looking at content,style,and technical matters,rather than focusing on isolat
22、ed,specific elements out of context.C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12dSolicit responses from other readers.Issues to Remember for Peer EditingHave a readable copy.A“readable”paper does not have to be attractive,but it must be easy to work with:typed and double-spaced,with neat corrections,clear a
23、dditions and deletions,and complete text(including work-cited entries).Allow enough time.Allow sufficient time for the peer editor to review the paper slowly and carefully.Do not expect him or her to read a ten-page paper carefully in ten minutes.C h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12dSolicit response
24、s from other readers.Issues to Remember for Peer Editing Ask specific questions.Focus the peer editors attention on specific elements:typical problems（“Look at my background paragraphs.Consider every comment.Once you have an editors comments about features of the paper,consider each one carefully.C
25、h a p t e r12 Revising the Paper12dSolicit responses from other readers.Issues to Remember for Peer Editing Remember that the paper is yours.Strike a balance in the way you respond to a peer editors notes.Decide whether to stay or to leave.Decide whether or not to stay in the room with the peer editor.Wait before making changes.Just as waiting between drafting and revising helps you achieve some critial distance,waiting between peer editing and another revision also makes sense.敬谢观赏
