1、一、拓展单词1._ vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫求助于_n.参考；指称关系referreference2._adj.以（某事）为基础的；以为重要部分（或特征）的_ vt.以为据点；以为基础 n.底部；根据basedbase3._ n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化_ adj.各种不同的；各种各样的_ v.（使）不同；变化；改变varietyvariousvary4._ adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.经典作品；名著_ adj.古典的；经典的；传统的classicclassical5._ n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点_ n.特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的cha
2、ractercharacteristic6._ adj.全球的；全世界的 _n.地球；地球仪globalglobe7._ vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值_n.欣赏；感谢；增值appreciateappreciation8._ n.描写（文字）；形容_vt.描述;形容descriptiondescribe9._ vt.联系；讲述 _ adj.相关的；有联系的relaterelated二、短语记诵1._ to指的是；描述；提到；查阅refer2._ back（to）追溯到date3._ 与相关；涉及；谈到relate to4.ups and downs_浮沉；兴衰；荣辱5.no matt
3、er where,who,what,etc._不论；不管6.point of view_观点；看法词汇1 native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人；本国人（P60）How many billion people speak the UNs official languages as their native or second language？有多少亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言？知识拓展be native to 原产于ones native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语be a native of.出生于的人；原产于的
4、动物或植物经典佳句“I feel honored to participate in the Games in my own country,”said the 30-year-old Beijing native whose team won gold at the 2018 Winter Paralympic Games in Pyeongchang.“能在我自己的国家参加奥运会，我感到很荣幸，”这位30岁的北京本地人说到，他的团队在2018平昌冬季残奥会上获得金牌。.单句填空（1）Is her uncle a native _ Shanghai,or just a visitor?of（
5、2）The researcher says the tiger is native _ India.to.完成句子（3）During their visit to that country，they _在他们访问那个国家期间，他们与当地人愉快地交流。communicated with natives happily词汇2 attitude n.态度；看法（P60）What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning?说话人对外语学习的态度是什么？知识拓展attitude to/towards.对的态度/看法h
6、ave/take a（n）.attitude to/towards.对持/采取的态度positive/negative attitude 积极/消极态度经典佳句As for students like us,we should have a good attitude towards failure.对于像我们这样的学生来说，我们应该积极地面对失败。完成句子（1）_ that made your parents angry.正是你对工作不好的态度使你父母生气。It was your bad attitude towards/to your work（2）Try to _ everything
7、and stop complaining.尽力对每件事情都持积极的态度，停止抱怨。have a positive attitude to/towards词汇3 refer to 指的是；描述；提到；涉及；查阅（P60）Pronouns refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.代词指的是先前提到的某事物或某人。知识拓展refer to.as.把当作;称为refer.to.把提交给（以求获得帮助）经典佳句The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new deve
8、lopment in this field.这位科学家将这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新进展。点拨（1）refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写“r”，再加“-ed”或“-ing”。类似的词还有prefer。（2）refer to表示“查阅”时，后接词典、参考书等；look up表示“查阅”时，后接要查阅的具体内容。.单句填空（1）When I said some people were stupid,I wasnt _（refer）to you.referring（2）Dont refer _ this matter again,please.to.完成句子（3）Althoug
9、h she didnt mention any names,everyone knew whom she was _（指的是）.referring to（4）He gave the speech _（没有参阅）his notes.without referring to词汇4 despite prep.即使；尽管（P62）China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times,despite the many ups and down
10、s in its history.中国以其古老的文明而闻名。尽管在历史上有许多起伏，中国古老的文明还是延续到了现代。知识拓展in spite ofdespite（名词/代词/动词-ing形式）尽管；不管despite/in spite of the fact that.尽管经典佳句Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.尽管酒店服务很差，经理还是不愿意在充分培训员工方面花钱。易混辨析regardless of、des
11、pite和in spite of的用法辨析：以上三者都可以表示“不管；不顾；尽管”之意，但是固定搭配和用法不同。（1）despite“虽然；尽管；不顾”，语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。Despite the fact that the doctor told him to rest,Jack went to Spain.尽管医生嘱咐杰克休息，他还是去了西班牙。（2）in spite of“虽然；尽管；不顾”，语气较重。In spite of all his efforts,he failed in his English exam.尽管他付出了努力，他的英语考试还是不及格。（3）rega
12、rdless of“不管；不顾；不理会”，是一般用语。The training class welcomes all students regardless of their ages.培训班欢迎各个年龄段的学生参加。完成句子（1）The boy went out _.那个男孩无视他父亲的命令，径自出去了。in spite of/despite his fathers orders（2）Kelly loved her son _ he is slow in his study.凯莉爱她的儿子，尽管他学习不是很好。in spite of/despite the fact that（3）_，he
13、is learning to drive.尽管他年纪大了，他还是在学开车。Despite/In spite of his advanced age词汇5 base vt.以为据点；以为基础 n.底部；根据（P62）At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.起初，汉字是一种基于图形的语言。知识拓展be based on 以为基础/依据base.on.以为基础basic adj.最重要的；基本的；最简单的；初级的basic knowledge 基础知识；基本知识basis n.原因;缘由;基准;准则on the ba
14、sis of 以为基础；根据经典佳句These days,I,together with my classmates,have adapted a short play based on the English text.这些天，我和我的同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。.单句填空（1）With our knowledge _（base）on practice,we can make contributions to our society.based（2）Why did you promote him to a position of leadership?_ the basis of h
15、is qualifications and ideas.On.一句多译这部电影以一个真实故事为基础，非常受欢迎。（3）The film _,and it is very popular.is based on a true story（4）_,the film is very popular.Based on a true story词汇6 date back（to.）追溯（到）（P62）It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu.它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期知识拓展date back to.date from.追溯
16、到out of date 过时的；陈旧的点拨date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。在句中作定语时，常用现在分词形式。图解释义The evolution of human being dates back to a long time ago.人类的进化史很久之前就开始了。.单句填空（1）Id like to buy a new coat,because this one is _ of dateout（2）A palace _（date）back to the 16th century is under repair.dating.一句多译专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追
17、溯到初唐时期。（3）According to the expert,the temple has a history _.（现在分词短语作后置定语）dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty（4）According to the expert,the temple has a history _.（定语从句）which dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty词汇7 variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；（同一事物的）不同种类；多样化；多变（性）（P62）Over the years,the sys
18、tem developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来，由于曾经一段时间人们居住在不同的地理区域，书写系统演变成不同的形式，多样的方言和文字也随之产生。知识拓展a（wide/large）variety of=varieties of=various 不同种类的；各种各样的vary v.改变；变化vary from.to.从到变化vary with 随着变化
19、vary in（在体积、重量等方面）呈现不同various adj.不同的;各种各样的经典佳句Finlands vast woodlands offer shelter and food for a variety of wild life.芬兰广袤的森林为众多野生生物提供居所和食物。点拨a variety of（varieties of）既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。.单句填空（1）There are other _（variety）of sunflowers which can be grown e
20、xactly in the same way.varieties（2）Changes in price normally vary _ changes of supply and demand.with（3）There is no doubt that this sort of thing _（vary）from person to person.varies.词汇升级（4）In my free time，Id like to take exercise，such as swimming，running and all kinds of ball games.In my free time，I
21、d like to take exercise，such as swimming，running and _ ball games.various/a variety of/varieties of词汇8 major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究（P62）Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇统一七国
22、，中国的书写体系由此开始朝同一个方向发展。知识拓展a major problem 一个重大问题major in 主修；以为专业majority n.大多数；大半a/the majority of 大多数in the majority 占多数图解释义major in French主修法语two girls of English major两个英语专业的女孩点拨the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数，若集合名词是指个体，则谓语动词用复数。单句填空（1）I hope to
23、gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major _ the gardening after attending college.in（2）The majority of the land _（destroy）so far.has been destroyed（3）A lot more progress should be made in helping the vast _（major）of women to juggle（尽量兼顾）their home and work lives.majority
24、词汇9“be of抽象名词”结构（P62）That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化具有非凡的意义。知识拓展句中的was of great importance 相当于was very important，意为“很重要”。（1）be of抽象名词be该名词的同根形容词（2）“be of a/the same抽象名词”用于说明主语的特征（这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式），如：be of the same size/weight/h
25、eight/age/color/kind/type。I hope these suggestions above will be of some help to you.Perhaps we can meet in Chongqing.我希望以上这些建议能对你有所帮助。也许我们可以在重庆见面。同义句改写（1）A harmonious family is of benefit to a childs personal development.A harmonious family _ a childs personal development.is beneficial to（2）His opi
26、nion is considered to be very valuable.His opinion is considered to _be of great value词汇10 no matter+疑问词（P62）Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。知识拓展（1）no matter where/who/what.“不
27、论;不管”,引导让步状语从句。No matter where I am,I will always remember I am a Chinese.不管我身在何方,我都会记住自己是个中国人。（2）“no matter疑问词”结构与“疑问词-ever”在用法上的异同:“no matter疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,这时可以和“疑问词-ever”互换。“疑问词-ever”可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。whenever、wherever、however等只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。同义句改写（1）No matter what problem you have,turn
28、to me._,turn to me.Whatever problem you have（2）However long it takes,well have to finish the job._,well have to finish the job.No matter how long it takes（3）Anyone who wants the book may have it._ the book may have it.Whoever wants词汇11 means n.方式；方法；途径（P62）Written Chinese has also become an importan
29、t means by which Chinas present is connected with its past.汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的重要途径。知识拓展by this means 通过这种方法by means of.用办法；借助手段by no means 决不；一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具经典佳句There is no doubt that WeChat is an important means of communication.毫无疑问，微信是一种重要的交流工具。点拨（1）means作主语且有eve
30、ry、each等表示单数意义的词对其进行修饰时,谓语动词用单数。（2）means作主语且有all、several、many等表示复数意义的词对其进行修饰时,谓语动词用复数。.完成句子（1）He has greatly improved his spoken English _.他用这种方式极大地提高了自己的英语口语水平。by this means（2）_ the advertisement,he found two highly skilled foreign talents.通过广告，他找到了两位技术高超的外国人才。By means of（3）She is _ an inexperience
31、d teacher.她绝不是个毫无经验的教师。by no means.句式升级（4）The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought._（倒装句）By no means is the problem as simple as we first thought.词汇12 regard n.尊重；关注 vt.把视为；看待（P62）The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as a
32、n art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中，汉字作为一种艺术形式，被称为中国书法，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。知识拓展regard/consider.as.认为是have a high regard for.钦佩;对非常重视/十分尊重with/in regard to sth 关于某事give ones regards to 代某人向问候经典佳句Su Bingtian is regarded as
33、one of the greatest famous Chinese athletes.苏炳添被认为是中国最伟大的著名运动员之一。单句填空（1）I have nothing to say with regard _ your complaints.to（2）He knew nothing _（regard）the case.regarding（3）The novel is regarded _ one of the classic works.as词汇13 appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会（P62）As China plays a greater role in global
34、 affairs,an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。知识拓展appreciate名词/代词/动词-ing形式 重视/感激I would appreciate it if.假如我将不胜感激appreciation n.欣赏；感激经典佳句Many people c
35、ant fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise.许多人没有充分认识到定期锻炼的重要性。点拨appreciate作“感激；感谢”讲时，其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语，且其后不直接跟if或when等引导的从句，需先接it，再接从句。单句填空（1）Here I sincerely express my_（appreciate）if you could help find the lost suitcase.appreciation（2）I would appreciate _ if you could give me so
36、me advice on how to solve these problems.it（3）I appreciate_（give）the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.being given（4）Id appreciate your_（write）me back as soon as possible.writing词汇14 struggle n.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗（P64）When I started studying German,it was a struggle.当我开始学习德语时，这可是一件难事。知识拓展st
37、ruggle for.努力争取；为而斗争struggle against/with.与做斗争struggle to do sth 努力做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来单句填空（1）Workers are struggling _ a clean canteen and healthy food.for（2）She is struggling _（bring）up a family on a very low income.to bring经典佳句From now on,you should prepare yourself for your future,stru
38、ggle for your dream and you will get the offer from Beijing Foreign Studies University.从现在起，你应该为你的未来做准备，为你的梦想而奋斗，那么你就会获得北京外国语大学的录取通知书。词汇15 the比较级.，the比较级.（P64）It was exercise for the brain;the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言了解得越多，我的大脑发育得就越快。知识拓展“the比较级.，the比较
39、级.”意为“越，越”。“the比较级.,the比较级.”结构中，第一个“the比较级”相当于一个表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，用一般现在时表示将来。The more you know about our traditional culture,the more you are interested in it.你对我们的传统文化了解越多，你就对它越感兴趣。The higher the temperature is,the faster water turns into steam.温度越高，水转化为蒸汽的速度越快。完成句子（1）The more you practise,_.你练
40、习得越多，英语说得就越好。the better you will speak English（2）_,the less likely he is to answer them.问题越难，他回答的可能性就越小。The more difficult the questions are词汇16 point of view观点；看法（P64）I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language,and I could see the world from a different point of view.
41、我终于达到了一个可以用外语思考的境地，并且我可以从一个不同的角度看世界。一句多译依我看来，你应该向老师求助。（1）_,you should turn to your teacher for help.In my opinion/view（2）_,you should turn to your teacher for help.As far as Im concerned（3）_,you should turn to your teacher for help.From my point of view图解释义The two judges have different points of vie
42、w on his performance.两位评委对他的表演有着不同的观点。词汇17 have trouble with.在方面有麻烦；做有困难（P66）I used to get high marks in English,but now Im having a lot of trouble with my listening.我以前英语成绩很好，但是现在我的听力有很多困难。知识拓展have trouble/difficulty with sth 做某事有困难have trouble/difficulty（in）doing sth 做某事有麻烦/困难经典佳句We have trouble w
43、ith the water system,such as water pipes cracking or breaking down.我们的供水系统有点问题，比如水管开裂或者损坏。单句填空（1）I am not good at English,and I have a lot of trouble _ my grammar.with（2）If you have some trouble _（get）along with your friends，you can write to them.getting（3）He knows little about Russian，so he has som
44、e difficulty _（communicate）with the municating词汇18 equal n.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的（P66）.our relationship is close and were equals,so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.我们的关系很亲密，并且我们是平等的，因此我只需说几个字，就能消除我们之间的隔阂。知识拓展be equal to 等于;相当于be equal to sth/doing sth 胜任（做）某事without equal 无与伦比；无敌eq
45、ually adv.同样地；平等地图解释义The weight of the apple is equal to that of the pear.这个苹果和这个梨一样重。单句填空（1）I dont think Tom is equal to _（do）this kind of work.doing（2）As far as Im concerned,men and women must be treated _（equal）in education.equally（3）The government should regard nationalities as _（equal）.equals词汇
46、19 demand n.要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要（P66）But if Im talking to someone who isnt very close to me,I must make my request longerand I must make it a question,not a demand.但是,如果我和一个不是很亲近的人交谈,我必须把我的请求说得长一些我必须确保这是请求,而不是一个要求知识拓展in demand 非常需要;急需meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的需要demand（of sb）to do sth 要求（某人）做某事demand
47、 that.（should）do sth 要求做某事（从句用虚拟语气）经典佳句Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。点拨除demand之外,后接宾语从句时常用虚拟语气的动词还有advise、suggest、desire、command、urge、order、require、prefer等。.单句填空（1）They were popular and _ high demand,so the price shot up.in（2）This silence troub
48、led the writer.He demanded that his friend _（say）something about the play.（should）say（3）He demanded of the hospital _（send）a better doctor to treat him.to send.同义句改写（4）He demanded to be told everything at any time.He demanded that he _ everything at any time.（should）be told词汇20 relate to与相关；涉及；谈到（P6
49、7）Does each sentence relate to the main idea?每个句子都与主旨有关吗？知识拓展relate vt.使有联系;联系;讲述;叙述relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事be related to.与有关relation n.关系;联系in relation to 关于经典佳句A great number of peoples favourite summer activities seem to relate to water.许多人最喜欢的夏日活动似乎都与水有关。单句填空（1）There were officials _ whom he cou
50、ld relate the whole story.to（2）We seek to improve _（relate）between our two countries.relations（3）I think thats why so many people relate _ her.to.单句填空1._（billion）of people speak Chinese nowadays.Billions2.The symbols which _（carve）on the shell by my father look alive.were carved3.They play a leading
