1、1:纯电阻负荷 0 负荷的功率(W) 0 220 电源电压(V) 2:感性负荷 187 0 负荷的功率(W) 0 2200.85 (V)Cos 电压功率因数 3:单相电动机负荷 1710 负荷的功率(W) 0 2200.880.89 (V)Cos 电压机械率功率因数 4:三相电动机负荷 513 # 负荷的功率(W) 21.4604 1.733800.880.89 3 (V)Cos 平方根电压机械率功率因数 5:住宅总负荷电流计算 Pjs00 0 KcP 1760Pjs 住宅用电计算负荷(W) Ijs 0 2200.8 (V)Cos 电压 常用电流计算公式 负荷电流(A) I 负荷电流(A) I
2、 所有家用电器功率总和(W)住宅用电计算负荷(W)同期系数,0.40.6,电器 越此值越小,反之,此值越大 负荷电流(A) I 负荷电流(A) I 住宅用电谁计算电流(A) 功率因数0.80.9 1: 导线的电阻值计算 Ro000 S 导线的交流电阻 ( /km) Rt Rt 温度t时的电阻( /km) R20温度为20时的电阻( /km) a20电阻的温度系数 2: 母线的电阻值计算 0.18519 103 m /m540054100 0.00018519 rS 按安全载流量选择导线截面,应满足下式要求: K IeI rs 式中Ie导线安全载流量(A); K 当不境温度、穿管敷设等因素,与标
3、准情况不同时的修正系数,见表3-18 Ijs 线路计算电流(A),其中: Pjs用有功功率表示的计算负荷(KW) Sjs用视在功率表示的计算成本负荷(KVA) 三相电路 Pjs 15000151000 15000 Ijs25.606 22.789 585.796 1.73213800.896581.7321380 线路计算电流(A)3 ue Cos3 ue 导线标称截面积 (m) R201a20(t-20) 导线材料的电阻率 ( m/km) 电线电缆母线的电阻计算公式 铜54、 铝32 1 按安全载流量选择导线截面 Sjs 母线的电阻值 R0 r母线电导率 导线面积mm2 用有功功率表示的计算
4、负荷(KW) 15 平方根电压功率因数平方根电压 单相电路 Sjs 0 1000 00 Ijs0 01762200.8220 线路计算电流(A) ue Cos ue 电压功率因数电压 计算公式 KTA、KTV 实际使用的电流互感器和电压互感器的变化; 电能表铭牌上标注的电流互感器和电压互感器的变比;对于万用互感器接入直接接入的电能表, 因其铭牌上没有标注电流互感器、电压互感器的额定变比,其KTAe=KTVe=1.没有标注计能器倍率的电能表,其Kj=1. Kj 计能器倍率,即读数盘方框上标注的倍数 K 数值 (6000100) (2005) K 2400 6040111 2400 KTAeKTV
5、e 1:家庭用空调器容量的选择 对于墙厚在24以上,层高在3.2M以下,室外环境温度不超过43时,按每平方米选用120140W为宜。例如15的房间选用18002100W, 房间朝南取小值,更爱西或房顶、墙壁较薄以及层高大于3.2M的房间取大值。 2:较大场所用空调器容量的选择 Qk(qVX 空调容量裕量系数,房间所需房间的总房间总人数人体排热量 短期K=1冷量,q=容积坐时X=432KJ/h 长期K=1.051.1105143做动后X=1591KJ/h 0.2780.2390.9481 1.16313.96834.1886 空调器的容量(KJ/h) 0.2930.25211.055 千焦/每小
6、时(外国) 10.85983.4123.6 国标千卡/每小时(旧国标)英国热量单位 KJ/HWKcal/hBTU/h Pjs 用有功功率表示的计算负荷(KW) 空调器容量的选择计算 不同制冷量单位的换算 电能表所测电量计算 KTV KTAe、KTVe KTA、 0 电损电压v送电端电压v受电端电压v UU1U2 000 2:通常用其百分数表示,即电压压损失率U。基计算公式 电损电压送电端电压v受电端电压v UU1U2 000 0#100 7500 Ue 线路额定电压 U1U2 o U1 U2 IR IRsin UX I (R Cosx sin) = 电路电压损失计算 1:电压损失是指送电端电压
7、主与受电端电压之差,即 I IRCos IXsin 电压失量图 3:负荷在末端的线路电压损失计算。 图中,U1为变电所出口电压,即送电端电压;U2为负荷处的电压,即受电端电压(均对中性点电压而言,单位为KV). 在工程计算中,允许略去(Ixsin-IRCos) 部分(由此引起的误差不超过实际电压降的5),因此线路 R、X I、Cos 末端接负荷的三相电路 IXcos 3 U2 每相电压可按以下简化公式计算。 用线电压计算公式 PR + QX U1 3 I(R Cosx sin) = 3Ue Cos 电压损失率按下式计算 U(R Cos+x Sin ) 10 Ue2 Cos Cos 负荷的功率因
8、数 P 式中 UX U1 分别为相电压、线电压的电压损失(V) R、X 分别为每条导线的电阻值和电抗值( ) Ue 线路祖额定线电压(KV) I 负荷电流(线电流,A) I= P、Q 分别为三相负荷总有功功率(KW)、总无功功率(Kvar) P PR + QX U2 负荷的功率(W) 负荷的功率(W) 负荷的功率(W) 负荷的功率(W) Pjs 住宅用电计算负荷(W) 1000 当不境温度、穿管敷设等因素,与标准情况不同时的修正系数,见表3-18 1000 电能表铭牌上标注的电流互感器和电压互感器的变比;对于万用互感器接入直接接入的电能表, 因其铭牌上没有标注电流互感器、电压互感器的额定变比,
9、其KTAe=KTVe=1.没有标注计能器倍率的电能表,其Kj=1. Kj 1 对于墙厚在24以上,层高在3.2M以下,室外环境温度不超过43时,按每平方米选用120140W为宜。例如15的房间选用18002100W, uQz) 人体排热量房内设备同房间设备 坐时X=432KJ/h时使用率 总发热量 做动后X=1591KJ/h和利用率(KJ) 之积, u=00.6 图中,U1为变电所出口电压,即送电端电压;U2为负荷处的电压,即受电端电压(均对中性点电压而言,单位为KV). 在工程计算中,允许略去(Ixsin-IRCos) 部分(由此引起的误差不超过实际电压降的5),因此线路 3 U2 PR +
10、 QX 3 Ue PR + QX Ue Cos PR + QXPR + QX U2 Ue 灯管灯管耗镇流器耗 总耗电量 额定电流 功率因数寿命不家用电器名称 型号电量(W)电量(W)(W)(A)COS&小于(h)电视机 YZ6RR64100.140.332000电冰箱 YZ8RR84120.150.362000洗衣机 YZ15RR157.522.50.330.315000电熨斗 YZ20RR208280.350.365000电热毯 YZ30RR308380.360.485000电吹风机 YZ40RR408480.410.535000电热杯 电暖器 负荷空载25%50%75%100%电烤箱 功率
11、因数0.20.50.770.850.89电饭煲 效率00.780.850.880.875电炒锅 吊扇 序号CostgCostg电热水器 11000.710.99184446音响设备 20.990.14258060.71.024534吸尘器 30.980.203111240.691.0494622抽油烟机 40.970.250514040.681.0784709排气扇 50.960.291716160.671.1084756空调器 60.950.328718120.661.1384842 70.940.36319570.651.1694927 80.930.395321340.641.20150
12、12 90.920.42623040.631.2335057硬铝线 100.910.455624300.621.2655141软铝线 110.90.484425510.611.2995225铝合金线 120.890.512427080.61.3345308硬铜线 130.880.539828210.591.3685351软铜线 140.870.566829320.581.4035433 150.860.593430410.571.4415515 160.850.617931470.561.4795557 170.840.645932520.551.525638 180.830.67233540
13、.541.5595719 190.820.69834550.531.65800 200.810.72435540.521.6435840 210.80.7536520.511.6865920 220.790.776137490.51.7326000 230.780.802338440.451.9846315 240.770.828639390.42.296625 250.760.855140320.352.6776931 260.750.881941250.33.187232 270.740.908942160.253.8677531 280.730.936243070.24.9017828
14、290.720.96354357 序号Costgtgaa 110000 20.998.10.14230.07394.23 30.925.80.48340.0251214.1 40.836.90.75080.390221.3 50.745.61.0210.530727.95 D26Cos型功率因数的Cos值与偏转角a计算表 Cos和 tg对应值表 导电金属线电阻率、导电率和电阻温度系数 线材 各和荧光灯的耗电量、额定电流及功率因数表常用家用电器的耗电量、频定电流及功率因数表 异步电动机的功率和效率与负荷的关系 60.653.11.3310.69234.67 70.5601.7320.900342
15、 功率(W)额定电流(A) 功率因数(Cos )常数 1000.510.650.70.9 2002.273.030.30.42 1200.911.090.50.64 50010002.274.541 2 201000.090.451 3505501.592.511/ 3001.3611n 15006.81e 60012002.735.451e2 3005001.362.271e 100015004.556.8211/e 750.380.9M=lge 3000600013.6427.2711/M=ln10 1502000.851.140.70.9e 4008002.13.90.942 12020
16、00.61.00.92 400.20.93 100030006.5150.70.910 180/ 20r20a2010800/ ( m/km)(km/ m)(1/)648000/ 290.0340.00431 28.30.0350.00411 32.80.0310.004221 17.90.0560.00385 17.60.0570.00393 导电金属线电阻率、导电率和电阻温度系数 常用家用电器的耗电量、频定电流及功率因数表 数值lg 3.1415926540.497149873 6.2831853070.798179868 12.566370611.099209864 9.86960440
17、10.994299745 1.7724538510.248574936 0.318309886-1.502850127 1.1447298860.058703021 2.7182818290.434294482 7.3890560980.868588964 1.6487212710.217147241 0.367894412-1.565705518 0.434294482-1.637784311 2.3025850930.362215689 23.140692631.364376354 20.301029996 1.4142135620.150514998 1.7320508080.23856
18、0627 3.162277660.5 57.29577951311.758122632 3437.746770783.536273883 206264.806255.314425133 0.017453293-2.214877362 0.000290888-4.463724117 4.8481E-06-6.685574867 数学常数表 n n2n3 n 3 n n /4 n2 1/n 0000000 111113.1240.78541 2481.41421.25996.2833.14160.5 39271.73211.44229.4257.06860.33333 466421.587412.
19、5712.5660.25 5251252.23611.7115.7119.6350.2 6362162.44951.817118.8528.2740.16667 7493432.64581.912921.9938.4850.14286 8645122.8284225.1350.2660.125 98172932.080128.2763.6170.11111 1010010003.16232.154431.4278.540.1 1112113313.31662.22434.5695.0330.09091 1214417283.46412.289437.7113.10.08333 13169219
20、73.60562.351340.84132.730.07692 1419627443.74712.410443.98153.940.07143 1522533753.8732.466247.12176.720.06667 16256409642.519850.27201.060.0625 1728949134.12312.571353.41226.980.05882 1832458324.24262.620756.55254.470.05556 1936168594.35892.668459.69283.530.05263 204008004.42712.714462.83314.160.05
21、 2144192614.58262.758965.97346.360.04762 22484106484.69042.08269.12380.130.04545 23529121674.79582.843972.96415.480.04348 24576138244.8992.884575.4452.390.04167 256251562552.92478.54490.870.04 26676175765.0992.962581.68530.930.03846 27729196835.1926384.82572.560.03704 28784219525.29153.036687.97615.
22、750.03571 29841243895.38523.072391.11660.520.03448 30900270005.47723.107294.25706.860.03333 31961297915.56783.141497.39754.770.03226 321024327685.65693.1748100.5804.250.03125 331089359375.74463.2075103.7855.30.0303 341156393045.8313.2396106.8907.920.02941 351225428755.91613.2711110962.110.02857 3612
23、964665663.3019113.11017.90.02778 371369506536.08283.3322116.21075.20.02703 381444548726.16443.362119.41134.10.02632 391521593196.2453.3912122.51194.60.02564 401600640006.32463.42125.71256.60.025 411681689216.40313.4482128.81320.30.02439 421764740886.48073.476131.91385.30.02381 431849795076.55743.503
24、4135.11452.20.02326 441936851846.63323.5303138.21520.50.02273 452025911256.70323.5569141.41590.40.02222 462116973366.78233.583144.51661.90.02174 4722091038236.85573.6088147.61734.90.02128 4823041105926.92823.6342150.81809.60.02083 49240111764973.6593153.61885.70.02041 5025001250007.07113.684157.1196
25、3.50.02 5126011326517.14143.7084160.22042.80.01961 5227041406807.21113.7325163.42123.70.01923 5328091488777.28013.7563166.52206.20.01887 5429161574647.34853.7798169.72290.20.01852 5530251663757.41623.803172.82375.80.01818 5631361756167.48333.8259175.924630.01786 5732491851937.54983.8485179.12551.80.
26、01754 5833641951127.61583.8709182.22642.10.01724 5934812053797.68113.893185.427340.01695 6036002160007.7463.9149188.52827.40.01667 6137212269817.81023.9365191.62922.50.01639 6238442383287.8743.9579194.83019.10.01613 6339692500477.93733.9791197.93117.30.01587 64409626214484201.132170.01563 6542252746
27、258.02634.0207204.23318.30.01538 6643562874968.1244.0412207.43421.20.01515 6744893007638.18544.0615210.53525.70.01493 6846243144328.24624.0817213.63631.70.01471 6947613285098.30664.1016216.83739.30.01449 7049003430008.36664.1213219.93848.50.01429 7150413579118.42614.1048223.13959.20.01408 7251843732
28、488.48534.1602226.24071.50.01389 7353293890178.5444.1793229.34185.40.0137 7454764052248.60234.1983232.54300.80.01351 7556254218758.66034.2172235.64417.90.01333 7657764389768.71784.2358238.84536.50.01316 7759294565338.7754.2543241.94656.60.01299 7860844745528.83184.27272454778.40.01282 7962414930398.
29、88824.2908248.24901.70.01266 8064005120008.94434.2089251.35026.50.0125 81656153144194.3267254.551530.01235 8267245513689.05544.3445257.6528.10.0122 8368895717879.11044.3621260.85410.60.01205 8470565927049.16524.3795263.95541.80.0119 8572256142159.21954.39682675674.50.01176 8673966360569.27364.414270
30、.25808.80.01163 8775696585039.32744.431273.35944.70.01149 8877446814729.38084.448276.56082.10.01136 8979217049699.4344.4647279.66221.10.01124 9081007290009.48684.4814282.76361.70.01111 9182817535319.53944.4979285.96503.90.01099 9284647786889.59174.51442896647.60.01087 9386498043579.64374.5307292.267
31、92.90.01075 9488368305849.69544.5468295.36939.80.01064 9590258573759.74684.5629298.57088.20.01053 9692168847369.7984.5789301.67238.20.01042 9794099126739.84894.5947304.77389.80.01031 9896049411929.89954.6104307.675430.0102 9998019702999.94494.62613117697.70.0101 100100001000000104.4616314.278540.01
32、标称截面 (2 铜芯铝芯铜芯铝芯铜芯铝芯 1.5139139 2.5221622162216 4352635263526 6523952395239 10886683627456 16123921057910175 2516212214010513299 35198148167125154115 50237178206155189141 70286214250188233174 95334250299224272204 120382287343257347260 150440330382287396297 185431323 240448336 标称截面 (2) 铜芯铝芯铜芯铝芯铜芯铝芯铜芯铝
33、芯 1181512 1.5231916 2.5322426202216 44131352629222922 65441443438293829 107255604652405140 169774796169536853 251221021078393729271 35162124124951138711589 50204157155120140108144111 70253195196151175135178136 95272214238182214165218168 120356276273211247191252195 150410316315242293225297228 1854653
34、58332257314263 240552425396306 300636490 400757589 500886680 6201025787 8001338934 四芯 1kv vv29、 vlv29、VV30、VLV30、VV50、VLV50、VV59、VLV59、 直埋电缆安全载流(A) 双芯三芯四芯 1kv vv vlv型无铠装聚氯乙烯护套聚乙烯绝缘电缆的安全载流量(A) 安全载流量(A) 单芯二芯三芯 标称截面 (2) 铜芯铝芯铜芯铝芯铜芯铝芯铜芯铝芯 4362731233023 6453539303930 107658604652405240 1610077816271547054
35、 251351041068196739473 35164126128991148811992 50205158160128144111149115 70253195197152179138184141 95311239240185217167226174 120356276278215252194260201 150410316319246292225301231 185466359333257345266 240551424392305 300632486 400764587 500882677 6201032787 8001208931 母线尺寸 宽厚2530354025303540 15
36、3210197185170210197185170 203275258242223275258242223 253340320299276340320299276 304475446418385475446418385 404625587546506625587550506 405700659615567705664620571 505860809756697870818765705 506955898840774960902845778 60611251056990912114510791010928 80614801390130012001510142013301225 100618101
37、700159014701875176016501520 60813201240116010701345126511851090 80816901590149013701755165015451420 100820801955183016852180205019201770 120826502490233021502950277025952390 母线尺寸 标称截面重量 宽厚 (2) 交流直流(Kg/m) 20360651000.47 25375801200.59 30490941400.71 4031201251900.94 5031501552301.18 6031801852801.41
38、7032102153201.65 7532252303451.77 8032402453651.88 交流直流 本表中系母线立放时的数据。当母线平放且宽度60时, 表中数据应乘以0.95,宽度60时应乘0.92 载流量 扁钢允许载流量(A) 型无铠装聚氯乙烯护套聚乙烯绝缘电缆的安全载流量(A) 单芯二芯三芯四芯 单片铜母线的允许载流量(A) 9032702754102.12 10033003054602.36 20480701150.63 254100851400.79 3041201001650.94 4041601302201.26 5042001652701.57 60424019532
39、51.88 7042802253752.2 8043202604302.51 9043602904802.83 10044003255353.14 255125951700.98 3051501152001.18 4052001452651.57 5052501803251.96 6053002153902.36 8054002805103.14 10055003506403.93 6063602102.83 8064802753.77 8086402905.02 1001010003907.85 标称截面 (2) 2530354025303540 121191816 1.527252321
40、2.52725232135323027 43532302745423835 64542383558545045 106560565185797367 16857973671101029587 251101029587145135125114 35138129119109180168155142 50175163151138230215198181 70220206190174285266246225 95265247229209345322298272 120310289268245400374346316 150360336311284470439406371 185420392363332
41、540504467427 240510476441403660617570522 橡皮绝缘电线明敷时的安全载流量(A) BLX、BLXF(铝芯)BX、BXF(铜芯) 标称截面 (2) 2530354025303540 119171615 1.51816151424222018 2.52523211932292725 43229272542333633 64239363355514743 105955514675706459 1680746963105989083 25105989083138129119109 35130121112102170158147134 501651541421302
42、15201185170 70205191177162265247229200 95250233216197325303281257 120285266246225375350324296 150325303281257430402371340 185380355328300490458423387 BX BXF (铜芯) 聚氯乙烯绝缘电线明敷时的安全载流量(A) BLV(铝芯)BV、BVR(铜芯) 25 30 35 40 25 30 35 40 25 30 35 40 RV0.154.543.543.53332.5 2.52 RV0.276.565.5 5.554.5443.533 RV0.3
43、987.5776.565.554.543.5 RVV0.411109.5 8.5 8.5 7.576.565.554.5 RVB0.51312119.5 9.5 8.587.576.565.5 RVS0.8161514131312119.5987.57 RFB11917161515141211111098 RFS1.5242221181917161514131211 塑料绝缘软线明敷设时的安全载流量(A) (2) 标称截面单根单芯二根单芯三根单芯 25 30 35 40GDG25 30 35 40GDG25 30 35 40GDG 1151412111520141312111520121110
44、91520 1.5201817151520181615141520171514132025 2.5282624221520252321191520232119182025 4373432292025303028262025302825232025 6494542382025404037342025393633302025 10686358532532565651472532534945412532 BX 16868074682532717166603232696459543240 BXF25113 10597893240939386793232908477714050 (铜芯) 35140 1
45、30 121 1103240114 114 105963240110 10295874050 50175 163 151 1384050143 143 133 1215050137 128 118 10850 70215 201 185 1705050180 180 166 1525050173 161 149 13670 95260 243 224 20570219 219 203 18570210 196 181 16670 120 300 280 259 23770252 252 233 21370245 229 211 19370 150 340 317 294 26870310 28
46、9 268 24570280 261 242 22180 185 385 359 333 30480355 331 307 28080320 299 276 25380 25 30 35 4025 30 35 4025 30 35 40 1131211101211109111098 1.5171514131614131214131211 2.5252321192220191720181715 4333028263028252326242220 6434037343835323034312926 10595551465248444146433936 BX 16767165606863585360
47、565147 环境温度 三根单芯 环境温度管径() 四根单芯 环境温度管径() 15 15 15 20 21 橡皮绝缘电线穿钢管敷设时的安全载流量(A) (2) 标称截面 二根单芯 管径() 橡皮绝缘电线穿硬塑料管时的安全载流量(A) 标称截面 二根单芯三根单芯四根单芯 环境温度环境温度环境温度 管径()管径() 20 25 32 (2) 管径() 15 15 15 15 20 20 25 32 22 25 32 32 20 BXF251009386799084777180746963 (铜芯) 35125 116 10898110 102958798918477 50160 149 138 126140 130 121 110123 115 10697 70195 182 168 154175 163 151 138155 144 134 122 95240 224 207 189215 201 185 170195 182 168 154 120 278 259 240 219250 233 216 197227 212 196 179 150 320 299 276 253290 271 250 22926