1、1.ing 分词的构成分词的构成主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having done having been done否定式否定式:not+-ing/not having(been)done不是不是 having not(been)done2.一般式和完成式的用法一般式和完成式的用法-ing 分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作的动作同时同时进行的一个动作；完成式表示进行的一个动作；完成式表示先于先于谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如：谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如：Walking along the str
2、eet,he caught sightof an old friend of his.Not having studied his lessons very hard,he failed the examinations.3.-ing分词的被动式分词的被动式 当当ing 分词与它的逻辑主语构成被分词与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据ing分词动作发生的时间，分词动作发生的时间，ing分词的被动分词的被动式分为一般被动式式分为一般被动式(being done)和完成被和完成被动式动式(having been done),如：如：The questio
3、n being discussed is very important.Having been praised by the teacher,he works even harder.4.-ing分词的句法功能分词的句法功能1)-ing 分词作主语分词作主语 Learning English has become a part of his life.It is no use trying to repair the ship.These holes are much too big.2)-ing分词作宾语分词作宾语 以下动词必须跟以下动词必须跟-ing分词作宾语：分词作宾语：admit/ap
4、preciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy/escape/excuse/fancy/finish/imagine/keep/mind/miss/postpone/put off/practise/resist/risk/stand/stop/suggest/give up/cannot help(禁不住）禁不住）要点讲解要点讲解避免避免 错过错过 少延期少延期 avoid miss put off/postpone建议建议 完成完成 多练习多练习 suggest finish practise喜欢喜欢 想像想像 禁不住禁不住 enjoy i
5、magine cant help承认承认 否定否定 与嫉妒与嫉妒 admit deny envy逃避逃避 冒险冒险 莫原谅莫原谅 escape risk excuse忍受忍受 保持保持 不介意不介意 stand keep mindMake them easier for you to remember!Make them easier for you to remember!tips英语中某些及物动词后习惯跟动名词作宾语，这类动词英语中某些及物动词后习惯跟动名词作宾语，这类动词是是：advise,delay,appreciate,consider,be worth,feel like etc.
6、to do sth.doing sth.forgetrememberregretmeango onstop try忘记忘记去做去做某事某事忘记忘记已经做过已经做过某事某事记住记住去做去做某事某事记住记住曾做过曾做过某事某事遗憾遗憾去做去做某事某事后悔后悔做过做过某事某事打算打算/想做某事想做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事（做完某事）接着去（做完某事）接着去做另一件事做另一件事继续做同一件事继续做同一件事努力去做某事努力去做某事试着做某事试着做某事停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事停止做一件事停止做一件事3）-ing 分词作表语。如：分词作表语。如：Our job is playing all
7、kinds of music.The music they are playing sounds so exciting.注：一般来讲，注：一般来讲，-ing分词作表语有两种情况，分词作表语有两种情况，一是名词性，这时主语和表语可以互换。即：一是名词性，这时主语和表语可以互换。即：Playing all kinds of music is our job.二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征，二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征，主表不可互换。主表不可互换。4）-ing分词作定语可以表示分词作定语可以表示 (1)所修饰名词的用途。如：所修饰名词的用途。如：a waiting room(=a roo
8、m for waiting)候车室候车室 a walking stick(=a stick for walking)手杖手杖 a sleeping car(=a car for sleeping)卧车卧车（2）所修饰词的性质特征。如：）所修饰词的性质特征。如：exciting news 令人激动的消息令人激动的消息 a moving story 一个令人感动的故事一个令人感动的故事 注：分词短语作定语须放在所修饰词之后，注：分词短语作定语须放在所修饰词之后，例例如如：the man standing at the gate=the man who is standing at the gate
9、另外，另外，-ing分词的完成式不能作定语。例如分词的完成式不能作定语。例如 不可以说：不可以说：The man having written manybooks is a former student of our school.应改为应改为The man who has written many books is(3)所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语从句形式。如：从句形式。如：a sleeping child(=a child who is sleeping)正睡觉的孩子正睡觉的孩子 a walking man(=a man who is wal
10、king)正散步的男人正散步的男人 5)在在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后等感官动词后可以用可以用-ing形式做宾语补足语。这时形式做宾语补足语。这时-ing 形式形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且并且-ing 形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：He saw a boy climbing the tree.Do you hear someone knocking at the door?有人敲门你听见了吗有人敲门你听见了吗?Compare:Did you notice a ma
11、n enter the room just now?你注意到有个人刚才你注意到有个人刚才进了进了屋子吗？屋子吗？6)-ing分词作状语分词作状语 (1)-ing分词在句中可以作分词在句中可以作伴随状语伴随状语，常放于，常放于句后，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，来对句后，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作主要陪衬。谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作主要陪衬。如：如：They sat in front of the building,laughing and chatting.He worked late yesterday,preparing for the lectu
12、re.(2)-ing分词可以作分词可以作时间状语时间状语，常放在句首，常放在句首，如：如：(When)Walking in the street,I caught sight of a tailors shop.(3)-ing分词可以作分词可以作原因状语原因状语，常放句首。，常放句首。如：如：Being ill,he cant go to school.Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.Having lived in the city for many years,he knows it very well.(Af
13、ter)Finishing my work,I went out.Having told us a funny story,the teacher went onto explain the text to us(4)-ing分词可以作分词可以作条件状语条件状语，常放句首。，常放句首。Turning to the right,youll find the post office there.(5)-ing分词可以作分词可以作结果状语结果状语，常放句末。，常放句末。He turned off the light,seeing nothing.5.-ing分词的复合结构分词的复合结构物主代词物主代
14、词/人称代词人称代词/名词所属格或普通名词名词所属格或普通名词+ing分词分词(1)作主语（须用作主语（须用物主代词物主代词或或名词所属格名词所属格）His/Toms not being chosen made us disappointed.(2)作宾语作宾语(除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用普普通名词或代词宾格通名词或代词宾格）He was awakened by someones knockingat the door.They have never forgiven us going there.We dont mind him explaining i
15、t again.My friend cant understand your treating himlike that.(3)作状语作状语（须用普通名词或主格代词须用普通名词或主格代词,亦称亦称独立主格结构独立主格结构）Time permitting,well deal with the text.The boy was playing with a ball,his mother standing nearby.典型错误：典型错误：Reading in bed in my room,someone knockedat the door.应改为：应改为：Reading in bed in m
16、y room,I heard someoneknocking at the door.I reading in bed in my room,someone knocked at the door.Walking across the street,a car knocked him down.应改为：应改为：Walking across the street,he was knocked down by a car.He walking across the street,a car knocked him down.1._moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrow
17、nbetterA.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven2._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedDwaspreparingBAC4.Shesupstairs_letters.A.writesB.iswritingC.wr
18、iteDwriting5.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedDC6.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointedangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing8.Thecomputercenter,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestude
19、ntsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenADD11.Do you know the boy _ under the big tree?A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying12.There was a terrible noise _ the sudd
20、en burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 13.-Good morning,can I help you?-Id like to have this package_,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed14.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard DDDB15.
21、Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay16.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_andletheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing17.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied19.Shesetoutsoonafterdark_homeanhour
22、later.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrivedADDD20.John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing21.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay22.Mr.Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A.never
23、to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.ever driveCAA25.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make26.She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen27.Rather than _ on a crowd
24、ed bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride,ride B.riding ,ride C.ride,to ride D.to ride,riding AAC28.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this morning.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking29.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go
25、B.to have gone C.going D.having gone31.Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job.A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as toABB33.-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off34.I can hardly imagine P
26、eter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailedCC35.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling37._ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk38.-I must apologi
27、ze for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you knowCBB42.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.done D.having done 43.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle
28、 in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not toDA44.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating45._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lost46.Rob
29、ert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studyingCCA48.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_“Sorry to miss you;will call later.A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading49.The sentence wants_ once more.A.expl
30、ained B.explaining C.being explained D.to explain50.Clumbus was considered _ the great land of America.A.having discovered B.discovering C.to have discovered D.to discoverDBC51._ from so many apple,I think,these on the table are much better than the others.A.Having chosen B.Chosen C.Being chosen D.C
31、hoose52.Her skirt has become loose.She seems _ weight.A.to lose B.that she has lost C.to have lost D.to be losing53.The highway _ to the city is under repair now.A.leads B.led C.to lead D.leadingBCD54.Did _ on time make the teacher angry?A.she not come B.she not to come C.not her coming D.her not co
32、ming55.In the Caribbean,the slaves _ from Africa developed their own kind of music.A.brought B.bringing C.to be brought D.that was brought56.You can never imagine the great trouble I have had _ the patient who received a serious wound.A.to treat B.treated C.treat D.treating57._ to be no time for goi
33、ng to the cinema.A.It seems B.It is seeming C.There seems D.It isDADC58._ to the top of the hill,and you can see the whole of the town.A.Get B.To get C.Getting D.Having got59.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded60.-Your shirt wants _,Mary.-Yes,it does.Im going to have it _ this afternoon.A.to wash,washing B.to wash,washed C.washing;washed D.washing,wash ACC
