1、写作专题 赵淑霞写作指导写作指导本本次次写作写作任务任务是一则是一则故事,属于记叙文,即描述所发生的事情故事,属于记叙文,即描述所发生的事情和经历。记叙文的常见的形式有:故事、传记、游记、日记和新闻和经历。记叙文的常见的形式有:故事、传记、游记、日记和新闻报道等。报道等。一、记叙文的写作要素一、记叙文的写作要素1.要交代清楚五要素的内容,即:要交代清楚五要素的内容,即:where,when,what,who,how。2.事件可按时间或空间顺序叙述。事件可按时间或空间顺序叙述。3.时态通常是与过去有关的时态;如果是当前的经常性事件、自然或时态通常是与过去有关的时态;如果是当前的经常性事件、自然或
2、社会现象,通常用与现在有关的时态。社会现象,通常用与现在有关的时态。二、记叙文的篇章结构二、记叙文的篇章结构1.开头开头(the beginning)交代必要的背景,如:时间、地点、人物等。交代必要的背景,如:时间、地点、人物等。2.中间中间(the middle)交代故事交代故事情节。情节。如:事件的发生、发展和前因后如:事件的发生、发展和前因后果。果。3.结尾结尾(the ending)事情的结果、感想、愿望等事情的结果、感想、愿望等(the result or feeling)。三、在记叙文中常用到的连接词三、在记叙文中常用到的连接词First.Then.Next.Finally;Som
3、e.Some.Others;The boys.The girls.;Some.The others.The rest of us四、时间顺序四、时间顺序1.early in the morning;in the middle of the day;late in the afternoon;deep into the night2.in the past;at present;in the future3.first;second;next;then;finally;at first/in the beginning;at last/in the end4.shortly afterwards
4、;at once/immediately;all of a sudden/suddenly;soon5.the moment;as soon as;the first time;not until;next time;before;after,etc.常用句式常用句式 1.Last Sunday,when.,I.2.Firstly I.Then.After that,I.3.At this very moment,.were quite surprised to.4.Tired as I was,I never felt so happy.5.Full of fear,he returned
5、to the cave.典题示例典题示例请请根据以下提示,写一篇英语根据以下提示,写一篇英语短文。短文。星期一轮到你值日,你必须早一点到学校,以便在同学们到校星期一轮到你值日,你必须早一点到学校,以便在同学们到校之前做完值日。因为害怕迟到,你骑车去学校。但由于骑得太快,之前做完值日。因为害怕迟到,你骑车去学校。但由于骑得太快,不小心把一位步行的老人撞倒了。你扶起老人,确认他无碍后就马不小心把一位步行的老人撞倒了。你扶起老人,确认他无碍后就马上赶往学校。当你到达学校时,却发现钥匙找不到了。你返回去寻上赶往学校。当你到达学校时,却发现钥匙找不到了。你返回去寻找钥匙,却发现那位老人手里拿着钥匙,正在
6、等你。找钥匙,却发现那位老人手里拿着钥匙,正在等你。注意:注意:1.词数词数100左右;左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。写作步骤写作步骤 第一步审题谋篇第一步审题谋篇1.明确要求明确要求分析题目要求可知,本文的文体是记叙文,主要内容是记一次分析题目要求可知,本文的文体是记叙文,主要内容是记一次经历,时态应采用一般过去时,人称为第一人称。经历,时态应采用一般过去时,人称为第一人称。2.确定段落确定段落Para.1交代故事发生的时间、地点和背景;交代故事发生的时间、地点和背景;Para.2叙述故事发生的经过;叙述故事发生的经过;Para.3对故事进行提炼和升华
7、。对故事进行提炼和升华。第二步联想词汇第二步联想词汇 1.早点到达学校早点到达学校 get to the school earlier 2.害怕做某事害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth.3.撞倒撞倒 knock down 4.扶起某人扶起某人 raise sb.5.向某人道歉向某人道歉 say sorry to sb.第三步句式升级第三步句式升级 1.因为害怕迟到,我决定骑自行车去学校因为害怕迟到,我决定骑自行车去学校。(一般表达一般表达)I am afraid of being late.So I decided to go to school by bike.(句式升
8、级句式升级)Afraid of being late,I decided to go to school by bike.(形容词短语作状语形容词短语作状语)2.我把一位步行过街的老人撞倒了。我把一位步行过街的老人撞倒了。(一般表达一般表达)I knocked down an old man.He was walking across the street.(句式升级句式升级)I knocked down an old man who was walking across the street(定语定语从句从句)3.跟他道歉后,我急忙赶往学校。跟他道歉后,我急忙赶往学校。(一般表达一般表达)A
9、fter I said sorry to him,I hurried to school.(句式句式升级升级)After saying sorry to him,I hurried to school.(“介词动名词短语介词动名词短语”作状作状语语)4.那位老人手里拿着钥匙,正在等我。那位老人手里拿着钥匙,正在等我。(一般表达一般表达)The old man was waiting for me.There was the key in his hand.(句式升级句式升级)The old man was waiting for me,with the key in his hand.(wit
10、h复合结构复合结构)第四步连句成篇第四步连句成篇I was on duty this Monday,so I had to get to the school earlier to finish the cleaning before all the classmates came.Afraid of being late,I decided to go to school by bike.As I was riding too fast and carelessly,I knocked down an old man who was walking across the street.I r
11、aised the old man.Fortunately,he didnt get hurt at all.After saying sorry to him,I hurried to school.However,when I got to school,I found the key to the classroom was lost.I had to return to look for it.You cannot imagine what happened!The old man was waiting for me,with the key in his hand!Thank you