1、 - 1 - 阅读理解专题阅读理解专题 16 A (2016 全国卷,C) If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21,but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of Octob
2、er around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in exist
3、ence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesnt taste of anything special,its still worth a try,as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties f
4、or eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. At the events,you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions,and because these are family affairs,chi
5、ldren are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games. Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit,including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience,try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale,near Faver
6、sham in Kent. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了苹果节举办的时间、项目及地点。 重点提到苹果节上种类丰富的苹果品种和有关苹果种植的相关知识,特别指出可以 与苹果种植专家进行讨论等。再加上孩子们喜欢的以苹果为主题的趣味游戏,可以 说,对于那些对苹果及苹果种植感兴趣的人极具吸引力。 1.What can people do at the apple events? A.Attend experts lectures. B.Visit fruit-loving families. C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D.Taste many ki
7、nds of apples. 答案:D 解析:细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.”可知,在苹果节的活动中,人们可以品尝到 各种苹果。故选 D 项。 2.What can we learn about Decio? A.It is a new variety. B.It has a strange look. C.It is rarely seen now. D.It has a special taste. 答案:C - 2
8、 - 解析:推理判断题。由第二段第二句中的“.it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.”可推知,Decio 是以前由罗马人种植的一种苹果,现在的人们能够看到这种 苹果就算是大开眼界了。由此推知现在 Decio 苹果非常罕见。故选 C 项。 3.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?
9、A.A practical idea. B.A vain hope. C.A brilliant plan. D.A selfish desire. 答案:B 解析:词义猜测题。由第三段第二句可知,Orleans Reinette 果品上佳,但是对温度、环 境、土壤的要求很高,因此,对大多数喜欢种植该苹果的爱好者来说是 a pipe dream (白日梦)。 4.What is the authors purpose in writing the text? A.To show how to grow apples. B.To introduce an apple festival. C.To
10、 help people select apples. D.To promote apple research. 答案:B 解析:写作意图题。通读全篇可知,文章主要介绍了一个关于苹果的节日苹果 节。故选 B 项。 B (2016 全国卷,D) Bad news sells.If it bleeds,it leads.No news is good news,and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that info
11、rmation is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. “The if it bleeds rule works for mass media,” says Jonah B
12、erger,a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communicatione-mails,
13、Web posts and reviews,face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的),but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibili
14、ty,Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the
15、list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny,or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,but not articles that left them merely s
16、ad.They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other,and they preferred good news to - 3 - bad.The more positive an article,the more likely it was to be shared,as Dr.Berger explains in his new book,“Contagious:Why Things Catch On.” 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。俗话说,好事不出门,坏事传千里。但是研究者们 通过跟踪和监控人们的电子邮件、网络帖子及评论、面对面会话等
17、发现,人与人之 间更多分享的是那些给人们带来积极情绪的好消息,而不是导致消极情绪的坏消 息。 1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A.News reports. B.Research papers. C.Private e-mails. D.Daily conversations. 答案:A 解析:细节理解题。由第一段前四句可知,这些经典的规则主要应用于 evening broadcasts 和 morning papers,由此推出,这些规则常用于新闻报道中。故选 A 项。 2.What can we inf
18、er about people like Debbie Downer? A.Theyre socially inactive. B.Theyre good at telling stories. C.Theyre inconsiderate of others. D.Theyre careful with their words. 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。由第二段 Jonah Berger 所说的“But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react.You dont want the
19、m to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知,当你和朋友们分享故事时,你更在乎他们的反应,你不希 望他们认为你是一个不考虑别人感受的人。故选 C 项。 3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr.Bergers research? A.Sports news. B.Science articles. C.Personal accounts. D.Financial reviews. 答案:B 解析:细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知,人们分享最多的文章是那些关于科学栏 目的文章。故选 B 项。
20、4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B.Online News Attracts More People C.Reading Habits Change with the Times D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 答案:D 解析:主旨大意题。通过第一段最后一句引出话题,以及最后一段的概括总结可知, 在社交网络中,人们更愿意分享的是传递积极情绪的好消息。故选 D 项。 C I hadnt walked across our
21、old farm in the past fifteen years.Yet the memories came flooding back.Rain or shine,I used to walk this path each day to see Greta.She always made me smile,even after my sister and I had just had a big quarrel.I would help Greta with her chores(家务活).Then we would taste her delicious home-made choco
22、late cookies and ice cream.Staying in a wheelchair didnt stop Greta from being an outstanding cook. - 4 - Greta gave me two of the greatest gifts Ive ever received.First,she taught me how to read.She also taught me that when I forgave my sister for our quarrels,it meant I wouldnt keep feeling like a
23、 victim.Instead,I would feel sunny. Mr.Dinking,the local banker,tried to take away Gretas house and land after her husband passed away.Thanks to Papa and Uncle Johan,Greta got to keep everything. Soon folks were coming from miles around to buy Gretas home-made cookies and ice cream.Greta even had me
24、 take a big apple pie to Mr.Dinking who later became one of her best customers and friends.Thats just how Greta was.She could turn anyone into a friend! Greta always said,“Dear,keep walking in the sunshine!” No matter how terrible my day started,I always felt sunny walking home from Gretas houseeven
25、 beneath the winter starlight. I arrived at Gretas house today just after sunset.An ambulance had stopped a few feet from her door.When I ran into the old house,Greta recognized me right away. She was almost out of breath when she reached out and softly touched my arm.Her last words to me were,“Dear
26、,keep walking in the sunshine!” Im sure that Greta is walking in the brightest sunshine shes ever seen. 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。 回到了阔别 15 年的农场,作者想起了一位故人 Greta。 Greta 不仅教会了作者阅读,而且还教会了作者宽恕别人。 1.From the passage,we can learn that . A.the author always quarreled with his sister B.Greta often asked the author to
27、 help her with her chores C.Greta was tired of Mr.Dinkings taking away her house D.the author had a sense of happiness staying in Gretas house 答案:D 解析:推理判断题。 A 项中的 always 在文中并未提及,故被排除;第一段提到了“我 愿意帮助 Greta 做家务活”,但没提及 Greta 经常请作者帮她做家务,故排除 B 项;C 项中的“.was tired of.”未被提及,故排除 C 项;根据第五段的“No matter how terri
28、ble my day started,I always felt sunny walking home from Gretas houseeven beneath the winter starlight.” 可知作者在 Greta 家有一种快乐的感觉,故答案为 D 项。 2.What made Greta work out her problem when her husband passed away? A.The authors help and the folks support. B.The authors papa and Uncle Johans help as well as
29、her attitude to people. C.Mrs.Gretas delicious home-made chocolate cookies and ice cream. D.Mrs.Gretas brave fighting for her house and land. 答案:B 解析:细节理解题。 根据第三段的“Thanks to Papa and Uncle Johan,Greta got to keep everything.”以及第四段的描述可知答案为 B 项。 3.From the fact that Greta had me take a big apple pie t
30、o Mr.Dinking,we can infer Greta was a woman. A.tolerant B.talented C.helpful D.warm-hearted 答案:A - 5 - 解析:推理判断题。 第三段介绍了在 Greta 的丈夫去世之后,当地的银行家 Dinking 先生曾经要没收她的房子和土地。 第四段中 Greta 又让作者给 Dinking 先生送去一张大的苹果派。 从中可推断出 Greta 是一个宽容的(tolerant)女人,故答 案为 A 项。 4.Whats the best title of the passage? A.Always help
31、those who are in need B.Never quarrel with a little girl C.Keep walking in the sunshine D.A friend in need is a friend indeed 答案:C 解析:主旨大意题。 通读全文尤其是倒数第二段中 Greta 临终前告诉作者的话及 最后一段可知 C 项最符合本文主题。 D (2019 北京卷,B) Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者),who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.By
32、the time she was 13,her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth,instead of destroying them. It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad.On the outing,she was offered a candy bar.However,her dad reminded her that sugary treats
33、 were bad for her teeth.But Moore was sick of missing out on candies.So she desired to get round the warning,“Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it?” With that in mind,Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company.He recommended t
34、hat she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain. With her dads permission,she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth clean
35、ing.Consequently,she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners,which can reduce oral bacteria. Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground.Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to se
36、ll Moores productCanCandy. As CanCandys success grows,so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur.Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created,and shes also positive about what the future might bring.She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile. Meanwhile,with her pa
37、rents help,Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.Although she founded her company early on in life,she wasnt driven primarily by profit.Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their - 6 - smiles.She donates 10% of AilieCandys profits to Big Smiles.With her talent and
38、 determination,it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。爱丽丝 摩尔是一个青少年创业者,她在 2015 年 建立了自己的公司,之后她致力于帮助其他人开心快乐地生活。 1.How did Moore react to her dads warning? A.She argued with him. B.She tried to find a way out. C.She paid no attention. D.She chose to consult dentists.
39、答案:B 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的第五句“So she desired to get round the warning, Why cant I make a healthy candy.”可知,摩尔想找到一种两全其美的方法。 故 选 B 项。 2.What is special about CanCandy? A.It is beneficial to dental health. B.It is free of sweeteners. C.It is sweeter than other candies. D.It is produced to a dentists recipe.
40、答案:A 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“With her dads permission, she spent.to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.”可知,她所建立的公司生产的糖对 孩子们的牙齿有好处。故选 A 项。 3.What does Moore expect from her business? A.To earn more money. B.To help others find smiles. C.To make herself stand out. D.To beat other candy com
41、panies. 答案:B 解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句“Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.”可知,摩尔想利用自己的技能帮助其他人找到微笑。故 选 B 项。 4.What can we learn from Alice Moores story? A.Fame is a great thirst of the young. B.A youth is to be regarded with respect. C.Positive thinking and action result
42、in success. D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied. 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。 通读全文可知,摩尔的成功源于她积极的想法和行动。 故选 C 项。 E How to Love Your Parents Even if you think that your parents are mean-spirited at times,loving your parents is a normal and fulfilling part of life.You love them for the fact that they c
43、reated you,raised you,and are in part a source of who you are.Here are some ways to love your parents. - 7 - 1 A gentle “good morning” and “I love you” will warm a coldest heart.Remember that they brought you into this world.Without your parents,you might still wander at an unknown corner in an unkn
44、own world. Respect them more and cherish these moments.You can use these moments to learn from them when youre off on your own.Its OK to get angry but angry actions dont help you or your parents.Act calmly,cool off,write down your feelings,or talk to a friend. 2 Obey their requests.It will make your
45、 attitude better and earn you more respect from them.It may seem like you are going through hell when you dont get what you want or you have to clean.However,you had better remember they keep a roof over your head when its cold,raining,snowing,or too hot.Understand that parents are human beings and
46、make mistakes. 3 Since you can forgive your friends,why not forgive your parents? Keep company with them.Do things with your parents like watching TV,or go somewhere with them.Listen to their old stories and learn from them. 4 You will find they are your teachers in this way or another. Some people
47、simply may not be able to love their parents. 5 Seek help if you are being abused(虐待) in any way.Parents do not have a right to harm you. A.Forgiveness is the key. B.Tell them you love them every morning. C.Parents will in turn express their love to you. D.After this,share your feelings with your pa
48、rents. E.Anyway,spend as much time with them as you can. F.Please remember parents are as important as friends. G.There can be realistic reasons for this,family violence for example. 答案与解析: 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些爱父母的方法。我们要爱 自己的父母,因为是他们赋予了我们生命,养育了我们。 1.B 根据空后的“A gentle good morning and I love you w
49、ill warm a coldest heart.”与B项“Tell them you love them every morning.”中的关键词morning可知答案 为 B 项。 2.D 根据空前的“Its OK to get angry but angry actions dont help you or your parents.Act calmly,cool off,write down your feelings,or talk to a friend.”(生气没有关 系,但是生气帮不了你或者你的父母。 冷静下来,消消气,写下你的感受或者和朋友聊 聊。 )可知,下面讲的内容还是关于生气后该做的事情,浏览七个选项可以发现,只有D 项“After this,share your feelings with your parents.”符合段落内容。故选 D 项。 3.A 根据上下文“Understand that parents are human beings and make mistakes.Since you can forgiv
