1、基础写作指导（十五）基础写作指导（十五）议论文议论文观点对立观点对立一、写作特点：一、写作特点：1、对立观点式议论文是对事实进行、对立观点式议论文是对事实进行 对比，然后加以分析，得出结论。对比，然后加以分析，得出结论。2、时态：较多用现在时，、时态：较多用现在时，3、人称：常用第三人称、人称：常用第三人称 they，但，但给给 自己的观点时，一般用第一人称自己的观点时，一般用第一人称 I。二、对立观点式的模板：二、对立观点式的模板：（一）开头：点出社会现象或讨论问题。（一）开头：点出社会现象或讨论问题。（二）正文：对立观点（二）正文：对立观点1、有人认为、有人认为X 是好事，赞成是好事，赞成
2、X，为什么？为什么？2、有人认为、有人认为X 是坏事，反对是坏事，反对X，为什么？为什么？(三三)、结尾：我的看法。、结尾：我的看法。三、常用句型三、常用句型（一）开头：点出社会现象或讨论问题。（一）开头：点出社会现象或讨论问题。1 With the College Entrance Exam coming,there is a heated debate about whether Senior 3 Students should take a lot of tonics to keep fit.2 In recent years,there is an increasing tendenc
3、y for Chinese students to go to foreign countries for study.3 Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.4 The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from child.5 Opinions are di
4、vided on the question.6 There are different opinions about it.7 There is a heated debate among people.(二二)正文：对立观点正文：对立观点正面观点正面观点1.Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.2.Some state that it is true that3.They point out the fact that 4.They also argue that 5.There is no denying the fact that
5、 students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between people of different cultures.反面观点反面观点1 However,other people stand on a different ground.2 They consider it harmful to do X.3 They firmly point out that 4 But some hold the opinions that 5 However,we cannot ignore the fact that most of th
6、e students are too young to live by themselves without any living experience and the costs are high as well.(三三)、结尾：你的观点、结尾：你的观点1 There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.2 Personally,I consider the disadvantages before the advantages.It is hi
7、gh time that we thought twice before going studying abroad.四、经典范文四、经典范文（一）、高三学习很紧张、很累，为（一）、高三学习很紧张、很累，为了增强孩子的体质，使他们在考试中考了增强孩子的体质，使他们在考试中考出好成绩，家长经常为孩子购买大量滋出好成绩，家长经常为孩子购买大量滋补品。假如你是王明，在最近的一次班补品。假如你是王明，在最近的一次班会上，你们班的同学就高三学生是否需会上，你们班的同学就高三学生是否需要吃补品来保持健康进行讨论，请你根要吃补品来保持健康进行讨论，请你根据下文提示，谈谈自己的观点。据下文提示，谈谈自己的观点
8、。不赞同的同学不赞同的同学赞同的同学赞同的同学1 坚持锻炼，不需坚持锻炼，不需 要吃补品；要吃补品；2 家长用补品过分家长用补品过分 关注高三考生的关注高三考生的 健康，会在一定健康，会在一定 程度上带给孩子程度上带给孩子 压力；压力；3 价格比较昂贵价格比较昂贵1 高三学生学习紧高三学生学习紧 张，容易感到疲张，容易感到疲 劳；劳；2 补品可帮助恢复补品可帮助恢复 体力；体力；3 没时间锻炼没时间锻炼（写作内容）（写作内容）1 请根据以上提示，谈谈你的观点，请根据以上提示，谈谈你的观点，文章开头已给出；文章开头已给出；2 文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不文章必须包括所有提示要点，但不 要逐条译
9、成英语。要逐条译成英语。3 只能使用只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。个句子表达全部的内容。参考词汇：参考词汇：tonic补品补品With the College Entrance Exam coming,there is a heated debate about whether Senior 3 Students should take a lot of tonics to keep fit.There are different opinions about it.Some students think it unnecessary to take tonics,because tonic
10、s will make them put on more weight,which does harm to their health.Moreover,the parents will bring more stress to the Senior 3 students if they show too_much concern by offering the tonics and the price of tonics is rather high.However,some students hold the opinion that it is easy for the Senior 3
11、 students to feel tired because of their work load,so it is good to take some tonics.They are too busy to have sports,so tonics can help refresh them.Personally,I consider doing sports is better than taking tonics._（二）、三班的同学进行了一场有关英（二）、三班的同学进行了一场有关英语学习的讨论。讨论的题目是：学习英语学习的讨论。讨论的题目是：学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始？请你根据下
12、语要不要从儿童时期开始？请你根据下表中提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。表中提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。一些同学认为一些同学认为另一些同学认为另一些同学认为1 应从儿童时期开应从儿童时期开 始学习英语始学习英语2 儿童时期记忆力儿童时期记忆力 好，可以记住很好，可以记住很 多单词多单词3 能为以后的英语能为以后的英语 学习打下坚实的基学习打下坚实的基 础础1 不应从儿童时期不应从儿童时期 开始英语学习开始英语学习2 儿童时期既要学汉儿童时期既要学汉 语拼音又要学英语语拼音又要学英语,易混淆易混淆3 会影响汉语学习和会影响汉语学习和 今后的英语学习今后的英语学习讨论未取得一致意见讨论未取得一致
13、意见注意：注意：1、文章的起始句已给出；、文章的起始句已给出；2、只能使用、只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。个句子表达全部的内容。3、参考词汇：、参考词汇：基础基础foundation 汉语拼音汉语拼音Chinese pinyin The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood.Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood as
14、little boys and girls have a very good memory and they can learn a lot of English words by heart.This will help them lay a solid foundation _for their future English learning.But some hold the opinions that if they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time,it will be very easy for them to mi
15、x them up.This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning.In short,the students have not arrived at any agreement yet._五、实战演练五、实战演练 (一一)假设你是宋柯，最近国内一家英文假设你是宋柯，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反
16、映讨论结果。你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。赞成迁出赞成迁出反对迁出反对迁出1 游客多，交通堵游客多，交通堵 塞；塞；2 郊区环境好。郊区环境好。1 建于建于1906年，中外年，中外 闻名；闻名；2 搬迁易造成动物死搬迁易造成动物死 亡。亡。【写作内容【写作内容】1 包含图表中的所有内容；包含图表中的所有内容；2 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使 行文连贯。行文连贯。【写作要求【写作要求】1、必须使用、必须使用5个句子表达全部的内容；个句子表达全部的内容；2、信的开头和结尾已给出。、信的开头和结尾已给出。【参考词汇【参考词汇】郊区郊区 suburb;支持支持 b
17、e in favour of 生活条件生活条件 living conditions 反对反对 be against【评分标准【评分标准】句子结构的准确性和复杂度；信息内容的句子结构的准确性和复杂度；信息内容的完整性和连贯性。完整性和连贯性。Dear Editor,Recently,our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city._Yours truely,Song Ke审题：审题：文体：文体：议论文议论文人称：人称：第三人称第三人称时态：时态
18、：一般现在时一般现在时信息组织：信息组织：1 赞成迁出。赞成迁出。Some of my class are in favor of the idea.2 游客多，交通堵塞。游客多，交通堵塞。Large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in the traffic jams.3 郊区环境好。郊区环境好。Animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs.Some of my class are in favor of the move,because
19、they say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in the traffic jams.They also say that once moved,animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs._4 反对迁出。反对迁出。Other students are against the idea.5 建于建于1906年，中外闻名。年，中外闻名。Beijing Zoo,built in 1906,is well-known at home
20、 and abroad.6 搬迁易造成动物死亡。搬迁易造成动物死亡。Moving may cause the death of the animals.However,other students are against the ideas,saying that Beijing Zoo,built in 1906,has a history of 100 years,and is well-known at home and abroad.Whats more,moving may cause the death of the animals so that it should remain
21、 where it is._ Some of my class are in favor of the move,because they say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in the traffic jams.They also say that once moved,animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs.However,other students are against the ideas,saying tha
22、t Beijing Zoo,built in 1906,has a history of 100 years,and is well-known at home and abroad.Whats more,moving may cause the death of the animals so that it should remain where it is.To move or not,I think this is a big decision which has to be done by people in Beijing.（二）随着广告业的发展，广告已与（二）随着广告业的发展，广告
23、已与我们的生活息息相关。但是广告是利还我们的生活息息相关。但是广告是利还是弊？在是弊？在2007年年4月月8日，我们班分为两日，我们班分为两组，进行了讨论。请根据下面两组讨论组，进行了讨论。请根据下面两组讨论的结果，用英语写一篇短文。的结果，用英语写一篇短文。Group A 虚假广告太多，坑害消费者；虚假广告太多，坑害消费者；占用报刊太多的版面，浪费纸张；占用报刊太多的版面，浪费纸张；占用电视、广播太多的时间；占用电视、广播太多的时间；应该取缔。应该取缔。Group B 广告能指导消费，使消费者了解商品；广告能指导消费，使消费者了解商品；广告也能给人以艺术享受；广告也能给人以艺术享受；你的观点
24、：你的观点：广告太多会使人心烦；广告太多会使人心烦；应当适当发展，提高质量。应当适当发展，提高质量。【写作内容【写作内容】合理取舍提示信息；合理取舍提示信息；文章要通顺、连贯。文章要通顺、连贯。【写作要求【写作要求】必须使用必须使用5个句子表达全部的内容；个句子表达全部的内容；短文的开头和结尾已给出。短文的开头和结尾已给出。【参考词汇【参考词汇】更糟糕的是更糟糕的是 whats worse；能指导消费能指导消费 direct our choices of goods【评分标准【评分标准】句子结构的准确性和复杂度；信息内容句子结构的准确性和复杂度；信息内容的完整性和连贯性。的完整性和连贯性。Ap
25、ril l8th,2007 FineToday we had a discussion about advertisements in two groups.With the development of the economy,advertisements have been closely connected with peoples life.But is it good or bad?审题：审题：文体：文体：议论文议论文人称：人称：第三人称第三人称时态：时态：一般现在时一般现在时信息组织：信息组织：1 虚假广告太多虚假广告太多;Advertisements dont tell real
26、 things 2 坑害消费者；坑害消费者；They make the customers buy things that they dont want.3 占用报刊太多的版面，占用报刊太多的版面，Advertisements cover much space.4 浪费纸张；浪费纸张；They waste a lot of paper.5 占用电视、广播太多的时间；占用电视、广播太多的时间；Advertisements take up too much time on TV and radio.6 应该取缔。应该取缔。Some people think advertisements shoul
27、d be stopped.Some people think advertisements should be stopped because they dont tell real things and make the customers buy things that they dont want.Whats worse,advertisements cover much space,which wastes a lot of paper,and take up too much time on TV and radio.7 广告能指导消费广告能指导消费;Advertisements c
28、an direct our choices of goods.8 使消费者了解商品使消费者了解商品;They can tell the latest information about various goods and help people to make a better choice.9 广告也能给人以艺术享受；广告也能给人以艺术享受；We can enjoy the some well-done advertisements.Some other people think that advertisements can direct our choices of goods,beca
29、use they can tell the latest information about various goods and help people to make a better choice.Moreover,we can enjoy the some well-done advertisements.你的观点：你的观点：10 广告太多会使人心烦；广告太多会使人心烦；Too many advertisements will make people tired.11 应当适当发展，提高质量。应当适当发展，提高质量。We should develop advertisements pro
30、perly.In my opinion,too many advertisements will make people tired,so we should develop advertisements properly.Some people think advertisements should be stopped because they dont tell real things and make the customers buy things that they dont want.Whats worse,advertisements cover much space,whic
31、h wastes a lot of paper,and take up too much time on TV and radio.Some other people think that advertisements can direct ourchoices of goods,because they can tell the latest information about various goods and help people to make a better choice.Moreover,we can enjoy the some well-done advertisements In my opinion,too many advertisements will make people tired,so we should develop advertisements properly.
