1、a1a2Lecture Focus Definitions of Comparison and ContrastDefinitions of Comparison and Contrast Basic Features Basic Features Select your topics Set your purpose Organize your ideas Develop cohesion&style Steps to Writing:Steps to Writing:Brainstorming Drafting Revising Suggested Activities/HomeworkS
2、uggested Activities/Homework a3What You Should Know Comparison-contrast is a common method of development that involves focusing on similarities and differences-or more likely on one or the other-in order to make a point.When a writer is comparing,he is pointing out the similarities that exist betwe
3、en subjects or items(such as persons,things,or ideas).When a writer is contrasting,he is pointing out the differences between subjects or items,even the two different aspects of the same subject(e.g.,the advantages vs.the disadvantages of a personal computer).a4Select your topics Examine the followi
4、ng groups of topics.Please pick out the groups that you think are appropriate for discussing similarities and differences,and explain why you think they are appropriate for comparison/contrast.buying a car vs.leasing a car oranges and bananas Shakespeare and Lu Xun a musician and an architect male a
5、nd female attitudes about marriagea5ActivityBroad CategoriesNarrowed-down Topics two books two authors two TV programs two restaurants two athletesa6Set Your Purpose Informative comparisons:Informative comparisons:to explain differences between subjects.This type of writing generally does not recomm
6、end one item as being better than the others.Persuasive comparisons:Persuasive comparisons:to persuade readers that one subject is superior to others.a7Organize your ideas subject-by-subject point-by-point a8Subject-by-subject organizationSubject A:Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4Subject B:Point 1 Po
7、int 2 Point 3 Point 4 a9Example Professor Yang:Professor Yang:classroom instruction homework exam grading Professor Wu:Professor Wu:classroom instruction homework exam gradinga10 Point-by-point organization Point 1:Subject A Subject B Point 2:Subject A Subject B Point 3:Subject A Subject B Point 4:S
8、ubject A Subject Ba11Example Classroom instruction Professor Yang Professor Wu Homework Professor Yang Professor Wu Exam Professor Yang Professor Wu Grading Professor Yang Professor Wua12Steps to Writing a13 Please work with your fellow students to find out everything that you know about KFC and McD
9、onalds.You may use the following chart to help you find out the useful information.Step 1:Brainstorminga14KFCMcDonaldsLocationFoodPriceServiceCouponsDinning Environmenta15u Dalian Department Store vs.MACAL(Victory Plaza)u Hymall vs.Walmart(or Carrefour)u Two big hotels youve worked for a16 Discuss w
10、ith your classmates on the chart above.Choose the ideas that seem to pair off.Eliminate those that dont pair off well and seem irrelevant to our comparison.You may develop a better-organized chart this time.KFCMcDonaldsLocationFoodPriceServiceCouponsDinning Environmenta17Activity 1:Please write a to
11、pic sentence for a paragraph which contrasts KFC and McDonalds._Activity 2:Look at your topic sentence once again.Does it generalize the central idea in your writing?Is it a point of view,rather than a simple and plain fact?Is your topic sentence sharp and clearly focused?Revise your topic sentence.
12、_.a18Activity 1:Please choose a developing pattern to organize your ideas.Work out your outline in the following blanks.a19T.S.:_Subject 1:_ Sub-topic 1:_ Sub-topic 2:_ Sub-topic 3:_ Subject 2:_ Sub-topic 1:_ Sub-topic 2:_ Sub-topic 3:_ a20T.S.:_Point 1:_ Subject a:_ Subject b:_Point 2:_ Subject a:_
13、 Subject b:_Point 3:_ Subject a:_ Subject b:_ a21Develop cohesion&style Activity:Do you know other transitional words or expressions for comparison and contrast?Make a list of them.a22Short Conjunctions Longer Expressions Similarly,Likewise,.the same.the same as.also.,too.both In the same way,X is s
14、imilar to Y in that(they).X and Y are similar in that(they).Like X,Y verb.In like manner,One way in which X is similar to Y is(that).Another way in which X is similar to Y is(that).Similarities:a23Differences:Short ConjunctionsSubordinating ConjunctionsHowever,In contrast,By contrast,.,but.,yet On t
15、he other hand,even though+sentence although+sentence whereas+sentence unlike+sentence while+sentence nevertheless,a24l Students in Dawai&Students in DUTl Liberal arts students vs.science studentsl Chinese teachers vs.foreign teachersl Two tourist places I have been to l My public image vs.my true selfl Living in Dalian vs.living in my hometownl Working for a large company vs.running ones businessl Growing up in a big&Growing up in a small town/village
