1、Unit 3GrammarPresent Perfect Passvie Voicepresent(now)futurepast 过去的动作一直持续到现在 过去的动作对现在产生影响The Present Perfect TenseI have lived in China for 5 years.我在中国住了5年。（从5年前到现在，并且现在还在中国）I lived in China for 5 years.我在中国住了5年。（过去住在中国，现在不在中国）过去的动作一直持续到现在 过去的动作对现在产生影响Someone has broken the window.(窗户现在是坏的窗户现在是坏的)
2、I have already lost the key.(我现在没有钥匙我现在没有钥匙)I havent read the book yet.(不了解书的内容不了解书的内容)时间状语时间状语just;already;ever;never;yet 不确定的时间不确定的时间一段时间一段时间for 3 days;since 3 days ago其他时间其他时间this morning;by now;so far肯定式：肯定式：S+have/has+V-过去分词过去分词(done)否定式：否定式：S+have/has+not+V-过去分词过去分词.一般问句：一般问句：Have/Has+S+V-过去分词
3、过去分词.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+have/has+S+V-过去分词过去分词.现在完成时的基本结构现在完成时的基本结构“三变三变”例：They have already solved the problem.原句原句主语主语 by的的宾语宾语宾语宾语 主语主语 谓语谓语由主动由主动 被动被动“三不变三不变”原句原句意思意思不变不变 原句原句时态时态不变不变 原句原句主谓宾以外主谓宾以外成分不变成分不变The problem _ by them.has already been solved被动语态被动语态一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+done现在进行时现在进行时am/i
4、s/are+being+done被动语态被动语态现在完成时现在完成时have/has+been+doneAn enemy has been slained.一名敌人被击杀。An ally has been slained.我方队友被击杀。You have been slained.你被击杀了。The Present Perfect Passive Voice现在完成时的被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态的用法用法用法1:被动动作发生在过去被动动作发生在过去,已经完成已经完成,对现在造成影响或产生对现在造成影响或产生结果。结果。(already,yet,so far,by now)The let
5、ter (post)already.has been postedMany houses (build)for the poor so far.have been built用法用法2:被动动作发生在过去被动动作发生在过去,持续到现在持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。并有可能继续持续下去。(for+一段时间一段时间;since；since+段时间段时间+ago)The machine (repair)for two hours but it still doesnt work.has been repairedPaper money (use)for over 50 years.has bee
6、n used肯定式：肯定式：S+have/has been done.否定式：否定式：S+have/has not been done.一般问句：一般问句：Have/Has+S+been done特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+have/has+S+been done现在完成被动语态的基本结构现在完成被动语态的基本结构练习练习Tom has invited the singer already.The singer has been invited(by Tom)already.The singer has not been invited(by Tom)yet.Has the sing
7、er been invited(by Tom)yet?Who has been invited(by Tom)?被动被动否定否定一般疑问一般疑问对宾语提问对宾语提问Exercises1.First as a PC and then as a laptop,I_(use)in offices and homes since the 1970s.2.Over time my memory _(develop)so much that I never forget anything I _(told).3.Since the 1970s many new applications _(find)fo
8、r me.4.I have also _(put)into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as _(help)with medical operations.has developedhave been told have been used have been foundbeen puthelped一一 般般进进 行行完完 成成现在现在过去过去将来将来am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donewas/were donewas/were being done had be
9、en donewill be donewill have been done过去过去将来将来含情态动词含情态动词would be done情态动词情态动词+be+donewill be being done 1.The young trees must_(照顾)well.2._ this building_(建成)last year?3.Many trees _(砍伐）now.4.Manmade satellites have_(发射）into space by many courtries.5.He said that the letter _（寄）to New York in a week
10、.be looked afterWas builtare being cutbeen sent upwould be sentFill in the blanks.1.Windows_ of glass.A.made B.is made C.are made D.been made2.The house_ in 2020.A.is built B.is building C.was built D.used3.A coat can_ for keeping warm.A.be used B.is used C.been used D.used4.The League _ in May,1922
11、.A.is founded B.was founded C.is built D.was builtMultiple ChoiceCCAB注意事项注意事项1.不及物动词和不及物动词短语不及物动词和不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，如：，没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,take place,break out,come about,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belong to,consist of.Eg：Great changes have been taken place in my hometown recently.Eg:
12、After the traffic accident,no one was survived except a person who was badly injured.注意事项注意事项2.一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多但许多“不及物动词不及物动词+副词副词或介词或介词”构成的短语动词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉,eg:laugh at,operate on,listen to,look after,take care
13、 of,think of,talk about,hand in,catch sight of,make use of,pay attention to,turn onEg.:My sister will be taken care of by grandma.The patient is being operated on now.练：练：He turned on the radio just now.The radio was turned on by him just now.注意事项注意事项3.如果复合宾语如果复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语)是由是由“宾语宾语+省略省略to的不
14、定式的不定式”构成构成，变为被动语态时，变为被动语态时，动词不定式前的动词不定式前的to要补出来要补出来。Eg:帮（帮（help），），1感（感（feel），2听（听（hear,listen to），），3让（让（let，have，make），），5看（看（watch,see,look at,notice,observe）Eg：I observed a stranger enter the building just now.A stranger was observed to enter the building just now.练：练：Toms mother made Tom clean
15、 his room by himself.Tom was made to clean his room by himself.注意事项注意事项4.含有含有双宾语双宾语（直宾：物，间宾：人）的主动句变被动句时，可分别（直宾：物，间宾：人）的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。以以人人当主语时，变法和一当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样般的变法一样，以以物物当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前加to或或forEg.:My uncle gave me a present.I was given a present by
16、my uncle.A present was given to me by my uncle.什么时候用什么时候用to，什么时候用，什么时候用for？1.give,show,lend,sell,tell,pass,bring,take,teach,offer,pay,promise sth to sb.2.buy,cook,make,find,keep,order,choose,paint sth for sb.注意事项注意事项5.还有以下情况，用还有以下情况，用主动语态表被动主动语态表被动5.1有些动词通常是有些动词通常是及物动词及物动词，但是当它们与常与副词，但是当它们与常与副词well,
17、easily,badly,poorly,nicely,fast,smoothly,等连用等连用表示主语内在品质或表示主语内在品质或性能性能，是不及物动词，用主动表被动，这时不用被动语态，是不及物动词，用主动表被动，这时不用被动语态.Eg：sell(“销售好销售好)”read(好读好读”)，write(“好写好写”)，wash(“耐洗耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿耐穿)，Eg:1)The tickets cost too much and sold badly.2).The pen writes well.3).Can you lend me your pen?Your pen writes smo
18、othly.注意事项注意事项5.还有以下情况，用还有以下情况，用主动语态表被动主动语态表被动5.1感观系动词感观系动词eg：feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系动词，用主动形式表达被等系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，主语是物。动意义，主语是物。Eg:1.The cloth feels soft.这布料摸起来很软。这布料摸起来很软。2.His cake tastes good.他的蛋糕味道很好。他的蛋糕味道很好。3.Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口良药苦口注意事项注意事项6.汉语中含有汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人说有人说”、“
19、大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 1.The young man was often seen_ by the lake.A.to draw B.to drawing C.draw D.drew2.English _ in many countries,but the C
20、hinese _ their own language.A.speaks,spoken B.is spoken,are spokenC.is spoken,speak D.is spoken,speaks3.-Where are bananas _?-_ grown in South China.A.grow,Its B.grown,Its C.grown,Theyre D.grew,TheyreMultiple ChoiceACC4.The students _finish their homework in the classroom by their teacher after scho
21、ol.A.will be made to B.will made to C.will made D.made to5.Great changes _ in the past ten years in China.A.took place B.have taken place C.were taking place D.had taken place6.An accident _ just now.A.Happens B.happened C.Was happened C.has happenedMultiple ChoiceABB7.TV programmes can_ to the othe
22、r side of the world.A.send B.be sent C.make D.be made8.Older people must_ politely.A.speak to B.be spoken C.be spoken to D.say to9.The moon always _ around the earth.A.goes B.travels C.turns D.A,B and C.10.We must _ our homework every day.A.be finished B.finish C.are finished D.finishedMultiple ChoiceBCDBThanks For Listening
