1、Unit 4 Natural disastersDiscovering useful structures定语形容词名词介词短语1.1.什么定语？什么定语？非谓语动词从句(定语从句）She is a beautiful girl.Amy is a woman teacher.The girl in red is my sister.I have something to say.The boy making face is my son.Japan is a developed country.I like people who smiles a lot.定语：“定”语相当于形容词，修饰名词或
2、代词，常译为“的”什么可以做定语I know the boy.The boy is sitting on the desk.I know the boy who is sitting on the desk定语从句定义结构定语从句2.2.什么定语从句？什么定语从句？关系词修饰名词或代词的句子先行词关系词被修饰的名词或代词引导定语从句的关联词关系代词关系副词who whom that which whose aswhen where why eg.This is the car which he bought last year.Do you know the man who spoke jus
3、t now?Do you know the man?He spoke just now.I have read the newspaper(which)carries the important news.I showed him the letter(which)I received this morning.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news.I showed him the letter.I received it this morning.将下列句子改成一句话将下列句子改成一句话关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：
4、关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：1.引导引导一个定语从句；一个定语从句；2.在从句中在从句中代替代替先行词；先行词；3.在从句中担任某一句子在从句中担任某一句子成分成分。Which 的用法的用法1.which 在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语,指物。指物。They planted the trees which didnt need much water.The fish which we bought were not fresh.This is the house which we lived in last year.This is the house _ w
5、e lived last year.主语；指物主语；指物 宾语；指物宾语；指物介词宾语；指物介词宾语；指物in whichwhich作介词宾语时，介词既可放在关系代词作介词宾语时，介词既可放在关系代词which 之前，之前，也可以放在从也可以放在从句中动词之后句中动词之后where3.that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或物，作宾语时可省略。在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或物，作宾语时可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.作主语；指物作主语；指物 The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious.作宾语；指物作宾语；指物 Let
6、s ask the man that is reading a book over there.作主语；指人作主语；指人 The girl(that)we saw yesterday is Jims sister.作宾语；指人作宾语；指人that 的用法的用法2.who在从句中作主语和宾语在从句中作主语和宾语,whom 在从句中作宾语；都指人。在从句中作宾语；都指人。The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.主语；指人主语；指人 The boy who broke the window is called Mic
7、hael.主语；指人主语；指人 The person(whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.宾语；指人宾语；指人 Mr Read is the professor to whom you should write.宾语；指人宾语；指人在定语从句中紧接着介词的只能用在定语从句中紧接着介词的只能用which和和whom。指人用。指人用whom，指物用，指物用whichWho 的用法的用法4.whose 在从句中作定语在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为修饰人或物，意为“的的”，可与，可与 of which(whom)the.互换。互换。Miss Flower is
8、the teacher whose house caught fire last week.of whom the This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.of whom the This is the book whose cover is blue.of which the Whose 的用法的用法关系关系代词代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的成分在定语从句中所充当的成分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose The usage of the relative pronouns
9、 Learn more about relative pronounsNote:that 和和 which 在指物的情况下一般可以互换，但在下在指物的情况下一般可以互换，但在下列情况中，一般用列情况中，一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.They talk
10、ed of things and persons that they remembered.下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用that而不用而不用which：1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。2.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。SummaryAll(that)you have to do is
11、 to practise every day.There isnt much(that)I can do.The first lesson(that)I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用that而不用而不用which：4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。5.先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物的时候，只能用的时候，只能用that。Sum
12、maryThis is the very book that I want to read.This is the same book that I want to read.We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用下列情况中，定语从句中关系代词一般用that而不用而不用which：Summary6.当主句以当主句以who或或 which 开头的开头的特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时时,定语从句定语从句that 引引导导.Who is the man that is standing
13、there?Which of us that knows something about physics doesnt know this?1.关系代词在限制性定语从句中关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语 Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.2.在非限制性定语从句中 Football,which is a very popular game,is played all over the world.1）先行词是先行词是one，the one,ones,anyone,those等代词等代词 Those who resp
14、ect others are usually respected by others.2）There be 句型中句型中 There are many people who are against the plan.1.Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below.What function do the restrictive relative clauses have?The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my gr
15、eat-grandma cannot forget.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the county.Mr.Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.A doctor with whom James used to wor
16、k died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.Exercise 1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3.The next day,eople put up shelters in the open air using anything _they could find.whosewhothat2.Complet
17、e each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom,or/.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.4.Several days later,most of the buildings_ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5.The injured boy _mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter t
18、o the soldier by _ she was rescued.7.Is this the young boy _saved several other students trapped under buildings?whichwhosewhowhom1.They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019全国III卷)2.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth gives off l
19、ight in the dark.(2019浙江卷)who/thatwhich/that链接高考3.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018全国I卷)which/that链接高考小试牛刀：1)Anything _ can burn is a source o
20、f heat energy.2)This is the very book _ Im looking for.3)They talked about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.4)Which is the book _ you lost?5)This is the best film _ I have ever seen.6)Please get ready for everything _ we need.7)This is the watch_ I lost yesterday.thatthatthatThat thatthatthat/whichBye-bye!
