1、Unit 4 Natural disastersWhat is attributive?1.It is an expensive cell phone.2.The tension in the room has changed.3.I have something important to tell you.4.The weather today is cold.5.March is the time to plant trees6.A man called Tom is looking for you.用来修饰名词或代词的成分，常译为“的”What is attributive clause
2、?1.It is an cell phone which is expensive.3.I have something which is important to tell you.5.March is the time when people plant trees6.A man who is called Tom is looking for you.本质上，定语从句和形容词是臭味相投，都爱修饰名词或代词.不同的是，形容词是条小短裤，只能表达简单的意思；而定语从句是更宽、更大的短裤，表达的意思更复杂、更具体。注意也正因为此，定语从句必须得系上腰带，才能和被修饰的词，紧紧地绑在一起。这个腰
3、带就是关系词关系词又分为两派：左边这路是关系代词，主要有这六个家伙右边这路是关系副词，有这三个家伙定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、主语、宾语宾语)，whose(定语定语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)关系词又分为两派：定语从句定语从句（the attributive clause）小常识小常识 被定语从句限定的词是被定语从句限定的词是
4、_，引导定语，引导定语从句的词叫做从句的词叫做 _ 或或 _。关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接连接（连接定语从句和主句）、（连接定语从句和主句）、替代替代（替代前面的（替代前面的 先行词）、先行词）、成分成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。句子成分）。在复合句中，充当在复合句中，充当_ 用的从句是定语从句用的从句是定语从句“先行词先行词”“关系代词关系代词”“关系副词关系副词”形容词形容词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句定语从句She is the one(that you never forget)关系词的三个作用:1.引导定语
5、从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中充当一个成分。定语从句三步：定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的第二看先行词在定语从句中的 语法功能（做主语、宾语或定语）语法功能（做主语、宾语或定语）第三选择合适的关系词第三选择合适的关系词 如何选择关系代词如何选择关系代词?who,whom,whose,which,that 口诀口诀:前看前看先行词先行词,辩清人或物辩清人或物 后看后看从句里从句里,有无主宾语有无主宾语Observing The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great gra
6、ndma cannot forget.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.A doctor with whom James used to work died
7、 in the 2016 earthquake in Educator.Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentence below.n.物资，供应品Find out the antecedent(先行词),relative pronoun(关系代词）and bracket(括出)the attributive clause（定语从句）1.She is a girl who/that is always helping others.She is a girl(who/that is always helpi
8、ng others.)先行词指人，在从句中做主语，关系代词用who/that2.The man(whom/that)you saw just now is our manager.The man(whom/that you saw just now)is our manager.先行词指人，在从句中做宾语，关系代词用whom/that或省略3.Dont cut down the tree which/that gives you shade(阴凉).Dont cut down the tree(which/that gives you shade(阴凉).)先行词指物，在从句中做主语，关系代词
9、用which/that4.This is the book(which/that)I bought yesterday.This is the book(which/that I bought yesterday.)先行词指物，在从句中做宾语，关系代词用which/that或省略5.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Workers built shelters for survivors(whose homes had been destroyed.)先行词指人，在从句中做定语，关系代词用wh
10、ose6.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book(whose cover is blue.)先行词指物，在从句中做定语，关系词用whose1.that1.that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下列情况互换，但在下列情况引导词只用引导词只用thatthat，不用不用whichwhich。当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时 a.All that can be done must be do
11、ne.b.I am sure she has something(that)you can learn from.c.There is much(that)we can do to help the homeless person.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时 Ive finished all the tasks(that)you gave me.先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best film(that)Ive ever seen.This is the first inte
12、rnational meeting(that)he has ever attended.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last the only,the very,the last 修饰时。修饰时。That is the only thing that we can do now.I have found the very pen(that)I lost yesterday.当先行词当先行词即有人又有物即有人又有物的时候，只能用的时候，只能用thatthat引导定语从句引导定语从句We often talk about the persons and things
13、(that)we remeber.当句子是当句子是who,whichwho,which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，定语从句用，定语从句用thatthat引导。引导。Who is the person that is waving to us?引导引导非限定性定语从句时非限定性定语从句时，只能用，只能用whichwhich。引导词跟在引导词跟在介词介词后，后，只能用只能用whichwhich。She heard a terrible noise,which brought her heart into her mouth.The bike by which I tr
14、avelled was his.1.引导非限制性定语从句时，引导非限制性定语从句时，as有有“正如正如，正像，正像”之意，且之意，且as引导的定语从句位引导的定语从句位置置灵活灵活；而；而which有有“这一点，这件事这一点，这件事”之意，且之意，且which引导的定语从句只能位于主引导的定语从句只能位于主句句之后之后。As is known to all,China is a developing country.John,as you know,is a famous writer.He has been to Paris more than ten times,which I dont
15、believe.2.2.先行词前有先行词前有the same,suchthe same,such，as,soas,so等词修饰的时候，等词修饰的时候，一般用一般用asas引导定语从引导定语从句。注意句。注意当先行词当先行词被被the samethe same 修饰时，修饰时，如果和先行词是如果和先行词是同一个东西同一个东西时用时用thatthat引引导定语从句，导定语从句，如果是如果是同一类东西同一类东西时，用时，用asas引导定语从句。引导定语从句。Ive never heard such stories as he tells.He is not such a fool as he loo
16、ks.This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.He is the only one in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise He is one of the students in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise hashave定语从句中的动词的数定语从句中的动词的数1.1.关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决
17、于先行词关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词heres a letter from Mr Brown,who wants to come to Beijing.2.2.在在 one of+one of+复数名词的结构中，从句的谓语动词要用复数，但复数名词的结构中，从句的谓语动词要用复数，但one of one of 前有前有the only the only 修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数。修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数。在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。定语从句一般位于先行词
18、后。The students who are having class are from class 49.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词SummaryAttributive Clause 1.who指指_,_,作作_（成分）（成分）2.whom指指_,_,作作_（成分）（成分）3.which 指指_，作作_（成分）（成分）4.that 指指_，作，作_（成分）（成分）5.5.whose作作_(_(成分成分)，表，表_关系，关系，译译为为_，用来代替，用来代替 _._.whose 指人也指物，指人也指物，指物时指物时 =_ 指指人时人时=_人主、宾人宾主、宾主、宾物人、物定语所属.的his/he
19、r/their/itsof whichof whom总结总结:PracticeComplete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or/.1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using
20、 anything _ they could find.4.Several days later,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.7.Is this young boy _ saved
21、several other students trapped under buildings?whosewho/thatthat or/搭建露天thatwhosewhomthat/who台风飓风这里一些人的房子被台风摧毁了。这里一些人的房子被台风摧毁了。剧烈震动的建筑物使所有熟睡的人都惊醒了。剧烈震动的建筑物使所有熟睡的人都惊醒了。第二天，人们在户外用他们能找到的任何东西搭起了庇护所。第二天，人们在户外用他们能找到的任何东西搭起了庇护所。几天后，大部分被飓风毁坏的建筑物都修复了。几天后，大部分被飓风毁坏的建筑物都修复了。那个受伤男孩的母亲在灾难中丧生，他被送去了医院。那个受伤男孩的母亲在灾难中丧生，他被送去了医院。这名妇女给救助她的士兵写了一封感谢信。这名妇女给救助她的士兵写了一封感谢信。这就是把几个困在建筑物下面的学生解救出来的男孩吧？这就是把几个困在建筑物下面的学生解救出来的男孩吧？
