1、Unit 4 Natural disastersDiscovering useful structures一、什么是从句他 赢了 比赛我们 知道 他赢了比赛 一个句子充当另一个句子的成分一个句子充当另一个句子的成分他 拒绝 帮助我们这 就是 他拒绝帮助我们的 原因二、什么是定语限定词（the）形容词（only）名词（camera）名词(man)现在分词短语(sitting next to her)不定式短语(to help her out)形容词短语(kind to her)介词短语（in shape）定语从句(who I know)过去分词短语(beaten to death)a beaut
2、iful campussome school clubsa beautiful campus of my school从句(who volunteered to help the injured)三、中英文定语的区别The only man 唯一的唯一的人人 The camera man 摄影的摄影的人人The man in shape 身材好的身材好的人人The man kind to her 对她好的对她好的人人The man to help her out 帮她走出困境的帮她走出困境的人人The man sitting next to her 坐在她旁边的坐在她旁边的人人The man
3、beaten to death 被打死的被打死的人人The man who volunteered to help the injured 志愿帮助伤员的志愿帮助伤员的人人中文：定语的被修饰词英文：形容词/名词被修饰词 被修饰词定语四、中英文思维差异1.他正在看那本书他正在看那本书2.他正在看那本李华昨天买的书他正在看那本李华昨天买的书3.他正在看那本李华昨天在教室向小明借来的书他正在看那本李华昨天在教室向小明借来的书He is reading the book.断句He is reading the book that Li Hua bought yesterday.他正在看那本书 He i
4、s reading the book.李华昨天买那本书 Li Hua bought the book yeaterday.他正在看那本书 李华昨天向小明借那本书Have a tryHe is reading the book that Li Hua borrowed from Xiao Ming in their classroom yesterday.五、定语从句两要素：先行词、关系词1.他正在看那本他正在看那本李华昨天买的李华昨天买的书书2.他正在看那本他正在看那本李华昨天在教室向小明借来的李华昨天在教室向小明借来的书书断句He is reading the book that Li Hu
5、a bought yesterday.Have a tryHe is reading the book that Li Hua borrowed from Xiao Ming in their classroom yesterday.六、定语从句的结构：先行词关系词从句1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的成分先行词：被定语从句修饰的成分-名词、代词名词、代词2.关系词关系词:(1)功能：功能：连接连接主从句主从句、指代指代先行词、在从句中充当先行词、在从句中充当成分成分 七、关系词1.关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语2.关系关系副词：状语副词：状语关系词在定语从句中的成
6、分指代对象关系代词who主语或宾语人whom宾语人whose定语人或物that主语或宾语或表语人或物which主语或宾语物as主语或宾语或表语人或物关系副词where地点状语地点when时间状语时间why原因状语原因先行词在句中充当的成分I know the person _ house was destroyed in the earthquake.I know the personThe persons house was destroyed in the earthquake/The house of the person wasHe lives in a room _ garden i
7、s attractive.He lives in a room.The rooms garden is attractive./Garden of the room isHe didnt buy the new cellphone _ price was too high for him.whose/of whomwhose/of whichwhose/of whichThis is the house _ I lived in.This is the house _ I lived.This is the house.I lived in the house.Keep this book i
8、n a place_ you can find it easily.Keep this book in a place.You can find it in a place.This is the school _ I stayed for 6 yearsThis is the school.I stayed at the school for 6 years.whichwhere/in whichwhere/at whichWhere/in whichI still remember the time _ I first travelled by plane.I still remember
9、 the time.I first travelled by plane at the time.It was a period _ they met very frequently.It was a periodThey met very frequently in a period.I cant forget the moment _ I cant answer the question.whenwhen/in which/at whichI dont know the reason _ he didnt turn to his friend for help.I dont know th
10、e reason.he didnt turn to his friend for help for the reason.Can you tell me the reason _ you didnt came to her birthday party.Can you tell me the reason.You didnt came to her birthday party for the reason.The reason _ he was late was that he missed his train.whenwhy/for which/for whichwhy/for whichThe boy _ the teacher often praise is their monitor.China is a country _ has a long history.The radio _ he bought yesterday doesnt work.Can you tell me the reason _ you didnt came to her birthday party.Who/whomWhich/that Which/that why/for which
