1、中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试 2020 年年 1 月测试月测试 英语英语 试卷试卷 本试卷共 150 分，考试时间 100 分钟。 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 45 分） A Four of the Oldest Buildings in the World Knap of Howar One of the oldest buildings in the world is the Knap of Howar, which dates back to 3700-3500 BCE.The farmhouse
2、 is one of the oldest, still-standing stone houses in Europe. It includes two stone homes linked through a hidden passage and joint walls. Archaeologists say Irish or Scottish monks could be the first builders and residents of the Knap of Howar. Although the house is still standing, these abandoned
3、places around the world are better candidates for restoration. gantija Temples The Megalithic Temples of Malta, or the gantija Temples, date back to 3600 to 3200 BCE. The two temples on the island of Malta are UNESCO World Heritage sites. Its one of the oldest free-standing monuments in the world. A
4、rchaeologists think the temple was used for ritual animal sacrifices. Shunet el-Zebib Shunet el-Zebib is partially standing, but mostly in ruins. Its still, however, one of the oldest buildings in the world. The Egyptian temple built in 2750 BCE is of mud and brick. It has an underground tomb as wel
5、l as an above-ground complex. Architecturally, its a nod to the Egyptian pyramids soon to come. Tomb of Cyrus Built in 530 BCE, the Tomb of Cyrus is one of Irans World Heritage Sites and one of the oldest buildings on the planet. Its also believed to be one of the first earthquake-protected structur
6、es in the world, according to Atlas Obscura. The base isolating used on the tomb protects the main structure from moving apart from the foundation. 1What do the four buildings have in common? AAll of them are located in Europe. BAll of them are made of stone and mud. CAll of them are UNESCO World He
7、ritage Sites. DAll of them were built before the birth of Christ. 2Which of the four buildings may be the strongest? AKnap of Howar. Bgantija Temples. CShunet el-Zebib. DTomb of Cyrus. 3Which of the following is True according to the passage? AShunet el-Zebib is earthquake protected. BTomb of Cyrus
8、has an underground tomb. Cgantija Temples are built by Irish monks. DKnap of Howar may be the oldest building among the four. B In the summer of 2010, Deborah Barrett and her son, Anthony, walked out of a restaurant near the Edmonton high school from which hed graduated two years earlier. They had v
9、olunteered to wash dishes there to give Anthony something to do, but when they went out, the sun sliced through the clouds and Deborah had a realization: my kid is not spending his life in a dish pit. Cleaning plates isnt the only option for high-school graduates. But Anthony has autism（自闭症） and is
10、mostly non-verbal, aside from short words in answer to yes-or-no questions and the Eeeee sounds he makes when hes excited, happy or frustrated. Once a person with intellectual disabilities ages out of school, “Theres no life for them,” Deborah says. Programs end, and jobs are usually humble. As her
11、son entered his 20s, Deborah thought about what he could do and what he enjoyed. Among his likes: being driven around and carrying things, as well as seeing new places but not staying long. Maybe he could be a courier? The catch: Anthony doesnt move fast, and courier jobs would require his support s
12、taff to be his driver and co-worker. That wasnt an issue for Mike Hamm. In 2012, he became Anthonys new assistant and embraced the plan of spending part of their days delivering packages as a team. The pair called their venture Anthony at Your Service, signed a few customers and set out in Hamms lor
13、ry. Seven years later, boxes awaiting distribution are piled on the porch of the home. Anthony, 30, shares with Deborah and her husband, David, a lawyer. The company now has two-dozen delivery teams each comprising a contractor with an intellectual disability and their support-worker contractor in E
14、dmonton and Calgary. Launching a company that employs 24 contractors with intellectual disabilities, and all the logistics that come along with that, wasnt the original plan, Deborah says. But the realities of delivery work the peaks and valleys in demand, the long hours meant that Anthony and Hamm
15、couldnt shoulder the load alone.And the feedback she received from Albertas autistic and intellectually disabled communities suggested they wanted to work for a company that understood them. Running Anthony at Your Service has become Deborahs full-time, and she gave up her psychotherapy practice and
16、 the presidency of Autism Society Alberta a couple years ago. “What Im doing for Anthony now has made more difference in his life than any of that other work,” she says. “We want to create jobs for people with all kinds of abilities and disabilities.” 4Whats the future of the persons with intellectu
17、al disabilities according to Deborah? AThey will lose their lives. BThey will get well-paid jobs. CThey will clean plates in restaurants. DThey will find it hard to find a decent job. 5What does the underlined word “courier” mean in the 3 rd paragraph? AAccountant. BBarber. CDeliveryman. DEngineer.
18、6What can be inferred from the passage? ADavid launched the company for his son. BAnthonys contractors are mainly disabled. CDeborah gave up her original job unwillingly. DMike Hamm is an intellectually disabled person. 7Which of the following words can best describe Deborah Barrett? AAccessible. BC
19、aring. CHumorous. DModest. C Jellyfish are unusual creatures. Theyre neither fish nor jelly. Some are among the most colourful creatures in the world, but its best to look but not touch these invertebrates（无脊椎动物）. Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are
20、even deadly. Whether you admire them in an aquarium or try to avoid them in the wild, you wont be able to get these fascinating jellyfish facts out of your head. Heres a jellyfish fact that might come in handy: There are several names for a group of jellyfish. They include smack, bloom, and swarm. C
21、hoose the word you prefer depending on whether you think the jellyfish pack looks like a garden of blooming flowers or more like a frightening pack of stingers, and whether youre admiring them at an aquarium or if you and your fellow snorkelers are surrounded. Jellyfish have two main forms in their
22、life cycle that look quite different from each other. Scientific American explains that an adult jellyfish, called a medusa, has a bell-shaped body with tentacles（触须）flowing down below it. Young jellyfish, called polyps, look more like sea anemones, with shorter tentacles that flow up above the main
23、 body. Medusas reproduce by releasing eggs. Melanie Roberts, Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando, says that the largest jellyfish in the world is a lions mane jellyfish. The body of this beautiful orange jelly can grow up to three feet in diameter. With its 12,000 tentacles that can grow 120 feet lo
24、ng, Oceana.org adds that the lions mane jelly compares in size to the planets largest animal: the blue whale. Regardless of their size, jellyfish are mostly made of water. In fact, theyre about 95 per cent water.These creatures dont have brains, blood, or bones. And most jellyfish dont have eyes. Je
25、llyfish also use their mouths both for eating and for waste removal. 8Why cant we touch jellyfish? ABecause they may be stung. BBecause they may die easily. CBecause they may feel painful. DBecause they may hurt people. 9What are jellyfish named after? AIts size. BIts color. CIts appearance. DIts li
26、festyle. 10What can we learn from the passage? AMouth is an important organ for jellyfish. BPolyps can clone themselves by laying eggs. CThe largest jellyfish in the world is 120 feet long. DMedusas have tentacles flowing up above the body. 11What can be the best title of the passage? ASeveral facts
27、 about jellyfish. BThe two main forms of jellyfish. CJellyfish are neither fish nor jelly. DJellyfish have many different names. D Any time we burn fossil fuels, were pumping fine particulate matter （细颗粒物） from oil, gas and other toxins（毒素）into the air. “Some of these carbon particles can persist in
28、 the lungs for decades,” says Dr. Don Sin, a respirologist and director of the Centre for Heart Lung Innovation in Vancouver. Over 7,000 Canadians died from complications due to poor air quality in 2015. A study in the European Heart Journal earlier this year found that air pollution now kills 8.8 m
29、illion people worldwide per year more than tobacco smoking. Sin adds that womens lungs seem particularly easy to get cancer from pollution. Currently, 10,000 Canadian women die of lung cancer every year, and 15 per cent of new cases are people who have never smoked. “In Canada, lung-cancer deaths in
30、 female non-smokers will very soon probably outnumber the deaths from breast cancer, because lung cancer is so deadly,” he says. Contributing to air pollution are the 8,000 wildfires we experience every year in Canada, like those that destroyed large areas of Alberta this past spring. These are incr
31、easing in frequency and intensity with our hotter, drier spells. A study in the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine found that prescriptions for an asthma and COPD drug rose by 22 per cent in the Yellowknife region in the summer of 2014, when it was surrounded by wildfire smoke. The number of ER
32、visits for breathing problems was 42 per cent higher; for children, it more than doubled. Another threat to breathing is mould, which is a concern in areas with repeated flooding, such as around New Brunswicks Saint John River, where floodwaters have been in homes for two years in a row and displace
33、d more than 200 families. Moulds produce toxins and spores that can trigger allergic reactions or infections if taken in. Rising sea levels and increased urban development, combined with intense rainfalls, mean we will see a lot more of it. To avoid breathing polluted air, wear a mask rated N95 not
34、a surgical mask, which is useless, says Sin. “Those are too thin and easily torn. They wont protect you at all from air particles.” On bad-air days,get your exercise indoors, for instance by walking in an air-conditioned mall. 12Which of the following is True according to the passage? A15 per cent o
35、f Canadian women have never smoked. B1,000 Canadian women die of lung cancer every year. CAir pollution has killed 8.8 million people in the world. DOver 7,000 Canadians died as a result of air pollution in 2015. 13What may cause the wildfires in Canada according to the passage? AHot weather. BCigar
36、ette end. CDry plants. DPoor management. 14What of the following is NOT a factor to produce moulds? ASea levels rising. BDevelopment of countryside. CLots of rainfalls. DGrowth of city. 15What should be suggested to prevent breathing polluted air? AWearing a surgical mask. BTaking exercise. CWalking
37、 indoors. DSleeping longer hours. 第二节 （共 共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分 ） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 From time to time, even the most productive professionals procrastinate（拖延）. When your tendency to procrastinate is starting to make your overall quality of work and life suffer, _16_. Heres w
38、hat Forbes Coaches Council members recommend doing to stop racing the clock. Take the tiniest step possible When you dont feel motivated, take the smallest step possible toward your goal. After taking that step,youre more likely to continue taking more steps toward that goal. _17_. Give yourself a h
39、ard deadline, and then schedule it The best way to overcome a natural tendency to procrastinate is to create a hard deadline for yourself and then put it on the calendar. _18_. Then honor it the same way you would if your boss were waiting for you to complete the task. _19_ Become a detective or a s
40、cientist about your pattern of procrastinating. Notice your thoughts, feelings,behaviors and the situation when you feel like procrastinating. Write these down. Often perfectionism, which we may experience as anxiety, underlies the tendency to postpone action. Once you understand your pattern, you c
41、an hold yourself accountable in a positive and self-compassionate way. Give yourself a reward for each task you complete _20_. Then give yourself a little reward for doing it. (piece of candy, a few minutes on Social media, etc.). Then do something on your list that you want to do and continue alter
42、nating from there. This makes your tasks less daunting. AIdentify a positive outcome from your action BTreat the deadline the same as if your boss created it CUnderstand the underlying reasons youre procrastinating Dfind a way to make overcoming procrastination interesting Eits time to do a reality
43、check and break yourself of the habit FMake a list of things you need to do and do the one you dont want to do first GInstead of telling yourself to work out for an hour, say youll go for 10 minutes 第二部分 语言 知识运用（共两节，满分 55 分） 第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分） 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最
44、佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In the fall of 1968, I returned home from teaching Grades 1 through 3 in Newfoundland to teach Grades 1 and 2 in southern Manitoba. I felt the best way for my Prairie students to improve their _21_ of life and culture on Newfoundlands northern island was to become pen pals with the
45、students there. One way for the children to _22_ different cultures at the time was through writing, where asking questions could satisfy their _23_. For students to have someone other than their teacher read their letters was a great _24_ to write. The whole class in my Prairie school classroom had
46、 the _25_ to have a pen pal from northern Newfoundland. To set the stage, I introduced them to their pen pals using pictures and interesting _26_, such as the boy who came to school _27_ because their parents were in charge of the lighthouse, or the little girls playing a circle game chanting, “A Ti
47、sket, a Tasket, A Green and Yellow Basket.” There were _28_ of lobsters cooking on the wood stove for the evening meals and baby seals crying on the ice floes in spring._29_ most of my students were interested in the lives and _30_ of these Newfoundland children,the writing lasted only a short while
48、, _31_ Eleanor, a Grade 2 student from the Prairies, and Lois, a Grade 3 student from northern Newfoundland. Eleanor and Loris wrote to each other from the ages of seven and eight _32_, and kept in touch for almost two _33_ before losing contact for a time. In 2003, I received an email from Lois, te
49、lling me that she had found Eleanor on Facebook and that they had _34_. “Yes, it was _35_ that I was to find Eleanor again,” wrote Lois. Eleanor remembered that it had been exciting to find a _36_in the mailbox with her name on it.Later on, in their communication, they both _37_ what they had in common, including Christian faith,values and the love of writing
