1、2022年11月24日星期四母猪微量元素的应用实母猪微量元素的应用实践践Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现母猪微量元素缺乏的表现 妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求 母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用母猪微量元素缺乏问题 母猪微量元素缺乏会导致肢蹄病的发生率和淘汰率增高母猪微量元素缺乏导致的皮肤角质化母猪微量元素缺乏导致的皮肤角质化Joint Samples from Experimental Farms 骨软化症Jubb,Kennedy,and Palmer,1993.Pathology of Domestic Animals.猪骨软化症与软骨生长板异常有关正常生长板正
2、常生长板骨软化症生长板骨软化症生长板Jubb,Kennedy,and Palmer,1993.Pathology of Domestic Animals.Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求 母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用Days of Gestation FeTrace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma,2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积矿物质在胚胎的沉积妊娠天数铁和锌Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in
3、 Fetus mg Adapted from Ma,2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积矿物质在胚胎的沉积锰锰,毫克毫克妊娠天数Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus g Adapted from Ma,2011矿物质在胚胎的沉积矿物质在胚胎的沉积硒硒,微克微克妊娠天数Days of Gestation Trace mineral deposition in Fetus mg Adapted from Ma,2011铜铜,毫克毫克矿物质在胚胎的沉积矿物质在胚胎的沉积妊娠天数TM in whole litter during gestatio
4、n Adapted from Ma,2011Day of gestation 妊娠天数妊娠天数43587391101108115Cu,mg3.0310.1715.2419.4533.1441.0755.35Fe,mg6.1233.9121.6285.1394.9609.4705.9Mn,mg0.050.561.683.864.696.457.48Zn,mg3.4423.057.8117.6178.4241.3281.7Se,mg0.020.140.420.901.442.132.49微量元素在妊娠期中沉积的总量微量元素在妊娠期中沉积的总量Trace minerals change in mat
5、ernal liver Day of gestation Elements43587391101108OpenP-value*Cu,mg72.6114.390.760.461.988.466.0 0.03CFe,mg333326321305339313475 0.69Mn,mg3.033.083.212.913.102.912.90 0.51Zn,mg134114143100135138172 0.48Se,mg 1.291.241.251.261.351.301.25 0.55*Note:L:linear response,Q:quadratic response,C:cubic respo
6、nse Mineral analyzed by ICP-MS 妊娠期间微量元素在母体肝脏中的变化妊娠期间微量元素在母体肝脏中的变化妊娠天数Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现 妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾 螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用母猪为什么容易出现微量元母猪为什么容易出现微量元素缺乏？素缺乏？首先说明是高产母猪首先说明是高产母猪 母猪在胎儿发育和泌乳过程中动用了自身的微量元素母猪在胎儿发育和泌乳过程中动用了自身的微量元素 妊娠母猪日粮是高纤维和高植酸磷，影响微量元素吸收妊娠母猪日粮是高纤维和高植酸磷，影响微量元素吸收 随着母猪胎龄
7、的增加随着母猪胎龄的增加 体重增大，维持需要也增大体重增大，维持需要也增大矿物质矿物质 Mineral泌乳需求泌乳需求 Milk demand1摄入摄入Intake2需要的利用效率需要的利用效率Required efficiency3(g or mg/day)(g or mg/day)(%)铜铜 Copper(mg)1826.368铁铁 Iron(mg)274206锰锰 Manganese(mg)11051硒硒Selenium(mg)0.30.837锌锌 Zinc(mg)70263271 Calculated assuming an average milk production of 10
8、kg/day and with average milk mineral concentrations derived from Park et al.(1994),and Mahan(2000).2 Assuming a daily feed intake of 5.25 kg(NRC,1998).3 Minimum dietary mineral utilization efficiency required for milk production.泌乳母猪微量泌乳母猪微量矿矿物物质质日日摄摄入入和需求和需求计计算算值值Calculated daily mineral intakes an
9、d demands for lactating sows(Cont.)(Richards and Close,2001)17后后备备母猪和繁殖母猪血清和肝母猪和繁殖母猪血清和肝脏脏中中锌锌，铁铁和和铜浓铜浓度的比度的比较较A comparison of concentrations of zinc,iron&copper in serum and liver from gilts and sows(Richards and Close,2001)18(%)第三胎次母猪 VS 非妊娠母猪，同年龄 3rd Litter Sows compared to Non-Gravid,Same Age繁殖母
10、猪繁殖母猪渐进渐进式脱式脱矿矿变变化化Progressive demineralization of reproducing sows%change(Mahan and Newton,1995.as adapted from Boyd,2004)19妊娠和泌乳母猪妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows20妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化求的变化 Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 21 铜
11、Copper(Cu)in NRC(1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements铜铜 Copper(mg)5.05.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements铜铜 Copper(mg)10.020.0 铜 Copper(Cu)in NRC(2012)22 锰 Manganese(Mn)in NRC(1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锰锰 Manganese(mg)20.020.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锰锰Manganese(mg)
12、25.025.0 锰 Manganese(Mn)in NRC(2012)Trace Mineral Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 23 锌 Zinc(Zn)in NRC(1998)妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锌锌 Zinc(mg)50.050.0妊娠期Gestation泌乳期LactationRequirements锌锌 Zinc(mg)100.0100.0 锌 Zinc(Zn)in NRC(2012)妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求妊娠和泌乳母猪微量矿物质需求的变化的变化 Trace Mineral
13、Changes for Gestating and Lactating Sows 中国母猪微量矿物质需求中国母猪微量矿物质需求Sow Mineral Requirement in ChinaChinaNRC 2012NRC 1998妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation妊娠期Gestation泌乳期Lactation铜铜Copper,ppm5.05.010205.05.0(35)(35)铁铁Iron,ppm758080808080(750)(750)锰锰Manganese,ppm1820.525252020(150)(150)锌锌 Zi
14、nc,ppm45511001005050(150)(150)硒硒 Selenium,ppm0.140.150.150.150.150.15(0.5)(0.5)()上限()upper limitation24An attempt to address the needs of sows in a commercial operation with higher vitamins and trace minerals商业母猪使用高水平维生素和微量元素的尝试商业母猪使用高水平维生素和微量元素的尝试2002 data(25,571 Litters)Age related reduction of li
15、tter-size in parity 4 to 11 sows第第4-第第11胎母猪与年龄相关的下降趋势胎母猪与年龄相关的下降趋势(Adapted from Boyd,2004)(Adapted from Boyd,2004)Age related death loss in sows与母猪年龄相关的死亡损失Calculated by Boyd and Fakler from 2002 PIC USA ADFI.(Adapted from Boyd,2004)Example of declining vitamin-TM intake with advancing reproductive
16、age高产期母猪维生素高产期母猪维生素-微量元素摄入量下降微量元素摄入量下降 Response to micro-nutrient equalization微量营养素平衡效应(Adapted from Boyd,2004)(Adapted from Boyd,2004)Response to micro-nutrient equalization微量营养素平衡效应9.38.71.44 PSY weaned(Adapted from Boyd,2004)Average litter-size response to corrected micro-nutrient intake窝产仔数与校正微量
17、营养素摄入的关系窝产仔数与校正微量营养素摄入的关系Conclusions:结论 Sow micronutrient needs should be altered to account for increasing sow weight with advancing age.母猪的微量营养素的需求应随着高产期母猪体重的增长相应改变Agenda 母猪微量元素缺乏的表现 妊娠期胚胎对微量元素的需求 母猪微量元素需求和利用率的矛盾螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用螯合有机微量元素在母猪中的应用试验2：高量钙磷Trial 2:Elevated Ca&P试验1：正常钙磷Trial 1:Normal Ca&P
18、Supplemental Zn Intake(mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV=248%Supplemental Zn Intake(mg)MINTREXZnSO4斜率比RBV=426%螯合微量元素在有干螯合微量元素在有干扰扰的状况下有更高的状况下有更高的生物学利用率的生物学利用率MT mRNAMT mRNAY=1.82+0.92X1+2.28X2Y=0.41+0.922X1+3.925X2m1 vs.m2:P=0.009m1 vs m2:P=0.004锌的摄入量，锌的摄入量，mgmgSupplemental zinc intake,mg锌的摄入量，锌的摄入量，mgmgSupplem
19、ental zinc intake,mg各种锌源的生物利用率母猪微量元素的研究难度很大母猪微量元素的研究难度很大每十年关于猪繁殖性能的参考文献每十年关于猪繁殖性能的参考文献Swine Reproductive Citations by Decade 40s50s/60s70s80s90s铜铜 Copper-112碘碘 Iodine-铁铁 Iron-533-锰锰 Manganese-3121锌锌 Zinc-312-硒硒 Selenium-1923Benefits of Mintrex Cu Better bioavailability Less reactive(less oxidation)B
20、etter antibacterial function on lumen Better performance and profits明微矿改善母猪繁殖性能Mintrex improve sow reproduction and welfare母猪试验：材料 与方法 两个姊妹猪场，各饲养6400头PIC母猪 相同的生产经理、相同饲料厂及日粮，小母猪来源于同一种猪场 共16,000头母猪，最高产胎数到7胎 两个处理，ITM（无机微量）对照 vs.明微矿 两处理相同的矿物水平 矿物添加水平:Cu 16.5ppm,Zn 165ppm,Mn 38.6ppm(NRC:Cu 5ppm,Zn,50ppm,
21、Mn,20ppm)明微矿处理组 明微矿:无机微量为50:50 试验期：2007年4月-2010年4月改善受胎率受胎率明微矿对照组P value总受胎率86.884.50.0011胎86.483.60.0012胎84.983.90.173胎87.785.80.014胎88.985.40.001羟基蛋氨酸螯合矿物质的总产子数、活仔数及总断奶仔猪数都更多。仔猪初生重也显著提高。提高母猪产仔数*改善母猪的累积繁殖性能(统计前4胎)指标明微矿对照组差异差异SEMP总产仔数44.1040.763.321.230.02活仔数41.6138.892.711.220.04木乃伊0.690.670.020.020
22、.47死胎1.801.210.600.03.001总断奶数36.3934.641.730.900.07提高仔猪出生重分组分组窝数窝数仔猪仔猪出生重出生重(kg)窝仔数窝仔数平均值平均值标准误标准误平均值平均值对照组对照组1261.250.0212.94明微矿组明微矿组1351.360.0213.02P-value(2 tail test)0.0010.450.84断奶小猪生长性能提升(d0-42)P0.01No difference on FCR,P=0.89对支原体免疫反应速度更快aabb明微矿处理组：明微矿 Zn/Cu/Mn 替代一半ITMs抗体滴度低于2.8则被认为是阴性降低母猪腿病发生
23、率淘汰率(%)P-value明微矿组对照组腿病腿病10.4316.110.001降低母猪的淘汰率存留率(%)P-value明微矿组对照组1-2 胎89.9688.680.061-3 胎82.2277.680.011-4 胎72.0863.490.01明微矿处理降低了因为跛脚而导致的淘汰率。母猪死亡率降低abP=0.08MineralPPM,Final DietRepro&to 25 kg BW Mkt pigs25 kg BW to MarketChelate Zn75ZnSO43047ZnO4515073120FeSO410090Chelate Mn25MnSO4285320Chelate
24、Cu7CuSO481515NaSelenite0.150.23Organic Se0.14.30.07.3Iodine0.360.40Practical sow trace mineral Nutrition from CVS CVS 管理咨询公司的实际微量元素应用管理咨询公司的实际微量元素应用0.15%inclusion rate1.Good Body condition management 更好的体型2.High conception rate 90s%90%怀孕率3.High farrowing rate+90s%90%产仔率4.No shoulder lesions 无肩部损伤4 yrs on Trace Mineral program-4 yrs on Trace Mineral program-Reproduction OutcomesReproduction Outcomes矿物质对繁殖的影响矿物质对繁殖的影响-4-4年连续应用年连续应用
