1、专题十一简单句聚焦中考英语金铺中学 卫建华第一讲祈使句和感叹句1.祈使句祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句的主语you往往省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号，读降调。肯定的祈使句句型：动词原形其他成分。如：Be careful!小心！“Do祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。如：Close the door,please.请关门！否定的祈使句通常句型：Dont动词原形其他成分。如：Dont be late for school again！别再迟到了！用Neve
2、r开头：Never动词原形其他成分。如：Never leave todays work for tomorrow！不要把今天的工作留到明天！Let引导的祈使句以Let开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Letnot或Dont。如：Let us not be late.让我们不要迟到吧！Dont let the boy play football in the street.不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。【拓展提示】在“祈使句陈述句”的句型中，祈使句和陈述句之间要用连词and或or连接，其中and表顺承(那么；就),or表转折(否则；要不然)。如：Hurry up,or wel
3、l miss the last bus.快点儿，不然我们会错过最后一班车。Study hard,and you will make great progress in English.努力学习，你就会在英语方面取得很大的进步。第一讲祈使句和感叹句第一讲祈使句和感叹句【即时自测即时自测】1)Ms.Lee,how can I improve my English?_ this APP and it may help you.A.TryB.TryingC.To tryD.Tried2)Tom,_ afraid of speaking in front of people.You are the be
4、st one.A.dont be B.notC.not be D.dontAA3)_ dressed now!We have to go in ten minutes.OK,Mom.A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.Gets4)Lily,please _ me your new number after you get there.OK,no problem.A.dont forget telling B.dont forget to tellC.not forget to tell D.forget to tell5)_ more cheese,milk and yogu
5、rt to make your teeth strong.They are rich in calcium(钙钙)A.Having B.Dont have C.Have D.No havingBBC6)_ big success the charity show was!We collected a lot of school things.A.How B.What C.How a D.What a7)_ exciting the speech about“Belt and Road”was!Of course!It was a really great inspiration(鼓舞鼓舞)to
6、 the world.A.How B.What C.How an D.What anDA8)Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition._ pleasant news this gave her classmates!A.What B.How C.What a D.How a9)_ they are talking to each other!Yes.They are really happy to see each other.A.What excited B.How excited C.What excitedly D.H
7、ow excitedlyAD10)Do you know the book One Hundred Years of Solitude(百年孤独百年孤独)has been printed again?It is expected to be._ unusual novel it is!A.What B.What aC.How D.What anD第二讲倒装句第二讲倒装句【即时自测即时自测】1)He hasnt decided whether to go hiking yet.If his wife doesnt go hiking,_.A.so will he B.so he does C.n
8、either does he D.neither will he2)Hi,Kate.We wont take part in the activity this Saturday afternoon.What about you?_A.So I will B.So will I C.Neither I will D.Neither will IDD3)Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoon._.I have to clean up my bedroom.A.So am I B.Neither am IC.Neither I am D.So I am4)
9、I dont understand what the teacher said in class._He spoke so quickly,and I couldnt catch him.A.Neither I do B.So I doC.So do I D.Neither do I BD5)I dont know whether I should attend this speech about skills of communication.But if you go,_A.so will I B.so do IC.so I will D.so I do A第三讲疑问句1.一般疑问句一般疑
10、问句结构一般疑问句的基本结构为：be主语其他；助动词(或情态动词)主语谓语(动词原形)其他。对一般疑问句作肯定回答时，通常是：Yes，主语be/助动词/情态动词；作否定回答时，通常是：No，主语be/助动词/情态动词not。not一般要与前面的词语构成缩略形式。一般疑问句中需注意的几个问题：情态动词must提问时，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。如：Must I go now？我必须现在就去吗？Yes,you must./No,you neednt.是的。/不，不必。否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。注意
11、yes和no在翻译成中文时与其原意正好相反。如：Dont you hear of that？难道你没听说过这件事？(表示惊讶)Yes,I do./No,I dont.不，我听说过。/是的，我没有听说过。2.特殊疑问句由疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句，不能用Yes或No回答，读时用降调。特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词一般疑问句”构成。3.选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方做出选择回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答时不能用yes或no，要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊疑问句两种。一般选择疑问
12、句：一般疑问句or被选择的部分？如：Do you like apples or pears？你喜欢苹果还是梨？I like pears.我喜欢梨。特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句A or B？如：Which would you like better,tea or coffee？茶或咖啡，你更想要哪一种？Id like coffee.我想要咖啡。4.反意疑问句由“陈述句简短问句”组成，表示问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做出进一步证实。反意疑问句若前部分为肯定句，后一部分就要用否定形式；若前一部分用否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式。即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。几种特殊的反意疑问句：如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈
13、使句，疑问部分须用will you。Listen to me carefully,will you?仔细听我说，好吗？当陈述部分是lets do sth.时，疑问部分须用shall we来反问；而当陈述部分是let sb.do sth.时，疑问部分用will you来反问。Lets go to the park,shall we?咱们去公园，好吗？Let us help you,will you?让我们来帮你，好吗？当陈述部分为I am形式时，反意疑问部分应该用arent I。Im right,arent I?我是对的，是吗？第三讲疑问句第三讲疑问句【即时自测即时自测】1)_ your fri
14、end like playing football?No，she _.She likes playing table tennis.A.Do；dont B.Does；doesnt C.Do；do D.Doesnt；does2)_ does your cousin usually go to work on foot?He says its good for his health.A.Where B.When C.Why D.HowBC3)Dont forget to post the letter,_?A.do you B.dont youC.will you D.wont you4)Its
15、very dry at this time of year.You have to water your flowers every day,_?A.dont you B.havent youC.will you D.has youCA5)_ do you watch TV every week?Less than two hours.I often have much homework to do.A.How many B.How muchC.How long D.How often6)Mr.Wangs never been to Canada,has he?_.He went there
16、on business last week.A.No,he hasnt B.Yes,he has C.No,he has D.Yes,he hasntCB7)_ father took part in the charity activity in the neighborhood yesterday?Peters.A.Whose B.What C.Which D.Who8)_ is the nearest bus station?Its 10 minutes walk.A.How often B.How longC.How soon D.How farAD第四讲主谓一致和There be句型
17、句型1.语法一致原则语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。当and连接两个或多个名词，或bothand连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，noth
18、ing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。由each,eachand each，everyand every，every作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)
19、名词”和“分数或百分数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。由“a pair(a kind，a series)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能
20、制作15双鞋。某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。2.意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念是单数还是复数。My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。people，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语
21、动词用复数形式。如：People are helping a girl find her mother.人们正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？3.就近一致原则就近原则，又叫作邻近原则。指的是谓语动词的形式要与最靠近它的名词保持一致。由either.or.，neither.nor.,not only.but(also).,not.but.或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Not only
22、 my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。There be和Here be这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。4.Th
23、ere be句型句型“Therebesb./sth.地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时，be动词一般和邻近主语的人称和数保持一致。如：There is a book and two pencils on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支铅笔。There are three teaching buildings and a beautiful garden in our school.我们学校有三栋教学楼和一个美丽的花园。“Therebesb./sth.地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not,not any,no。如：
24、There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里面没有水。若变为一般疑问句，需把be动词提前到句首。如：Is there any water in the bottle?瓶子里有水吗？There must be 一定有。如：There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某个地方出错了。【即时自测即时自测】1)This is my twin sister,Lucy.Not only she but also I _ good at drawing.A.is B.am C.are D.be2)Everybody except Mike and Li
25、nda _ there when the meeting began.A.is B.are C.was D.wereB.3)Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes.Another ten days _ enough.A.were B.was C.is D.are第四讲主谓一致和There be句型BCC4)Next Saturday there _ going to _ a flower show in the park which we visited last month.A.is；be B.is；haveC.was；be D.was；
26、have5)What can you see in the picture?I can see a farm.And there _ many animals on it.A.has B.is C.have D.areAD6)No one who can play well _ here now.Either of you _ the chance to win.A.is；has B.is；have C.are；has D.are；have7)Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to teach my daughter to sing English son
27、gs.A.has been B.is C.are D.am8)Here _ a pen and a map on the desk.A.is B.are C.has D.haveADA1.Hes already come back to Australia,_?Yes.We watched a movie together last night.A.isnt he B.doesnt heC.hasnt he D.has he2.A number of women teachers _ working in our school.The number of them is forty.A.am
28、B.is C.are D.wasCC3.David,there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk.Please put them away.OK,Mum.Ill do it right away.A.is B.are C.has D.haveA4.Sorry Im late._ tell me the bus broke down again!A.Never to B.Not C.Dont D.No5.Put some butter on a slice of bread and add a teaspoon of butter.What e
29、lse?Next,_ up some tomatoes.A.cut B.cuts C.to cut D.cuttingCA6._ can you finish the report on food safety?In two days.A.How far B.How muchC.How often D.How soon7.I dont think its a good idea,_?A.is it B.isnt itC.do you D.dont youDA 8.Im leaving for Song Mountain this afternoon._ you have packed everything.A.To be sure B.Been sureC.Being sure D.Be sure 9 Would you like to go to the amusement park?If Jack does,_A.I go,too B.so will IC.neither will I D.so do I10 _ funny story you are telling!It makes everybody laugh.A.How B.What C.How a D.What aDBD
