1、英语基本句英语基本句 式式及句子成分及句子成分1.主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 (Sub.+Vi.)2.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语(Sub.+Vt.+O.)3.主语主语 系动词系动词 表表 (Sub.+L.V.+predicative)4.主语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 (Sub.+Vt.+O.I.+O.D.)5.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 (Sub.+Vt.+O+O.C.)*There+be/stand/lie/live.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 She came/The clock goe
2、s all day and all night.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 She is happy 主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 She gave John a book She bought a book for me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.There+be There lies a book on the d
3、esk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例主语主语谓语谓语表语表语宾语宾语定语定语 状语状语补语补语句子的成分句子的成分Oh!What is that!(惊叹词)!(惊叹词)He has,alas,failed againCome here,John(呼语)(呼语)He wont come,Im afraid.(插入成分)插入成分)句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。句中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分独立成分主语:表示句子所说的是主语:表示句子所说的是“什么什么人或什么事人或什么事”。主
4、语主语名词名词代词代词动名词动名词 to doto do不定式不定式it it 形式主语形式主语谓语谓语:说明主语:说明主语“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”、或者、或者“怎么样怎么样”。谓语用动词构成。谓语和主语在。谓语用动词构成。谓语和主语在“人称人称”和和“数数”两方面必须一致两方面必须一致 。动词有四。动词有四种基本形式:动词原形、过去式、过去分词、种基本形式:动词原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。现在分词。谓语谓语动词动词系动词系动词实义动词实义动词/行为动词行为动词助动词(跟动词原形或分词)助动词(跟动词原形或分词)情态动词(跟动词原形)情态动词(跟动词原形)及物动词及物动词(跟宾
5、语)跟宾语)不及物动词(不跟不及物动词(不跟宾语)宾语)系动词(其后跟表语)bebe动词:动词:am,is am,is,are,was,are,was,werewere感官动词:感官动词:look,sound,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,smell,taste,feel,表示变化、状态:表示变化、状态:turn,get,turn,get,become,grow,go,keepbecome,grow,go,keep,stay,seem,appearstay,seem,appear情态动词:有情态动词:有can,may,must,need,have to,had bet
6、ter等。等。有词义,不能单独做谓语,要跟实意动词有词义,不能单独做谓语,要跟实意动词一起做谓语。一起做谓语。没有人称和数的变化(在任何主语后形式没有人称和数的变化(在任何主语后形式都一样)。都一样)。后面跟动词原形。后面跟动词原形。may(表示可能,但不确定)(表示可能,但不确定)/must(表(表示一定,很确定)用于肯定句中表推测,示一定,很确定)用于肯定句中表推测,can常用于否定句中表推测。常用于否定句中表推测。She is playing the piano.(名词作宾语)名词作宾语)He often helps me.(代词作宾语)代词作宾语)He likes to sleep i
7、n the open air.(不定式作宾语)不定式作宾语)We enjoy living in China.(动名词作宾语)动名词作宾语)宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于宾语后面,补充说明宾语的位于宾语后面,补充说明宾语的内容。可以作宾补的词及短语为:名词、形容内容。可以作宾补的词及短语为:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。含有宾语补足语的句子,若变成过去分词等。含有宾语补足语的句子,若变成被动语态,宾补则变为主补。被动语态,宾补则变为主补。We call her Lily.The parents are watching t
8、he child playing.They found the boy in the well.He always keeps his room clean.Let me show you out.Analyse the parts of the following sentences:Ive seen the film before.She is to clean the classroom after class.All the students laughed when they heard the story.I dont think he is correct.He who laughs last laughs best.He told us that light travels faster than sound.It is necessary for us to learn English well.Tom,let me know when you arrive.My friend bought me a book as a birthday gift.The weather is becoming warmer.