1、简单句和并列句简单句和并列句英语句子的基本组成成分有：英语句子的基本组成成分有：1、句子的核心：、句子的核心：2、非谓语：、非谓语：一、句子种类：简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子种类：简单句、并列句和复合句1、主谓结构的构成。主语：主语：句子叙述的主体。人/物（名词/代词）；动词短语（不定式to do/动名词doing）；句子一件事（主语从句）。谓语：主语发出的动作或者存在的状态。动作（行为动词）；状态（be:is am are;was were;been）(个别起到连系动词作用的动词。look/feel/sound/get/become后接形容词的行为动词)谓语谓语主干（主语、宾语、表语、宾补
2、）主干（主语、宾语、表语、宾补）+修饰成分（定语、状语、同位语）修饰成分（定语、状语、同位语）2、简单句：简单句：一个主谓结构。3、并列句：并列句：两个或两个以上的主谓结构。并列关系。and,but,so等同等关系，同样重要。4、复合句：复合句：两个或两个以上的主谓结构。主从关系。各种从句的连词-主要和次要之分，有主句和从句之分。5、注意：注意：1）并列句和复合句都需要有连词连接。2）衡衡量句子句法是否正确的法则：量句子句法是否正确的法则：X（句子主谓结构的数量）1（主干的谓语）=连词的数量朗读句子，写出下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。朗读句子，写出下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。1.
3、We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He w
4、as fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.简单句简单句复合句复合句简单句简单句简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句并列句并列句复合句复合句复合句复合句简单
5、句简单句二、简单句及五种基本句型二、简单句及五种基本句型（一）、简单句（一）、简单句一个独立的主谓结构。但可以是一个独立的主谓结构。但可以是并列主并列主语或者是并列谓语语或者是并列谓语 1）He often reads English in the morning.2）Tom and Mike are American boys.（并列主语）（并列主语）3)She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（并列谓语）（并列谓语）4）He ate the food and drank the beer.（并列谓
6、语）（并列谓语）对比：对比：He ate the food and he drank the beer.（并列句）（并列句）(二二)简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本简单句式。基本句型一：基本句型一：S十十V主谓结构主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,go,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,take place,rise,等等等等。例句：Miss Jane has gone abroad Great Changes
7、have taken place in our hometown1)学生们学习很努力。2)她再次向我道歉。3)事故是昨天晚上发生的。The students work very hard.She apologized to me again.The accident happened last night.基本句型二基本句型二:S十十V十十P主系表结构主系表结构 例句：例句：1)He is an IT engineer他是一位信息工程师。他是一位信息工程师。2)The cloth feels smooth这块布料手感细滑。这块布料手感细滑。3)The river near my house l
8、ooks more beautiful in the early morning.我家附近的那条河在清晨看上去格外我家附近的那条河在清晨看上去格外美丽。美丽。这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,feel,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。如：等等。如：1)我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn
9、,go,come,prove,等等。如等等。如：3)春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。4)不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。We should keep modest at any time.This kind of food tastes terrible.Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.Dont have the food.It has gone bad.基本句型三基本句型三:S:S十十V V十十O O主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 这种句型中的这种句型中的动词动词应为应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语的动词短语。同时，句
10、子中有时含有与宾语有关的状。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：动名词或从句。如：We like sports He knows what to do next He began learning English ten years ago I have decided to play the flute well1)1)我昨天看了一部电影。我昨天看了一部电影。2)You place me in a difficult situation.2)You place me in a diff
11、icult situation.3 3）They finally managed to get along with us.They finally managed to get along with us.4 4）这些孩子他们照看得很好。）这些孩子他们照看得很好。5 5）我不喜欢被这样对待我不喜欢被这样对待。I saw a film yesterday.你使我处于困难的境地你使我处于困难的境地。他们最终设法与我们相处他们最终设法与我们相处。They have taken good care of the childrenI dont like being treated like this.
12、基本句型四基本句型四:S十十V十十O1十十O2 主谓双宾结构，主谓双宾结构，O1间接宾语；间接宾语；O2直接宾语直接宾语1.The old man gave the little boy some coins2.Mr.Hardey teaches us European Literature3.His aunt bought him a book and several toys4.His praise gave us great encouragement5.The programmer is showing us how to use the computer这种句型中作这种句型中作间接宾
13、语间接宾语的常常指的常常指“人人”，直接宾语直接宾语常常指常常指“物物”。如：。如：1)1)昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。2)老人正在给孩子们讲长征的故事老人正在给孩子们讲长征的故事。Yesterday her father bought her a bike as a birthday present.The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.注意：这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型注意：这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：A.动词动词 直接宾语直接宾语 for s
14、b.；B.动词动词 直接宾语直接宾语 to sb.。3)Please show me your picture.=4)只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。5)His father bought him a new bike.=Please show your picture to me.Ill offer you a good chance as long as you dont lose heart.Ill offer a good chance to you as long as you dont lose heart.His father bought a new bike for h
15、im.基本句型五基本句型五:S:S十十V V十十O O十十C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构例句：1.We think Creek too difficult 2.We made him captain3.They dont want to let us go4.When the policemen came in，they found the old man dead5.He 1ikes watching the boys playing football.这种句型中的这种句型中的“宾语宾语 补语补语”可统称为可统称为“复合宾复合宾语语”,作补语的常常是作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词名
16、词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：等。如：1 1）请让孩子们安静下来。）请让孩子们安静下来。2 2）他把墙漆成白色。）他把墙漆成白色。3 3）我们发现他是一个诚实的人。）我们发现他是一个诚实的人。Keep Keep the children calmthe children calm,please.,please.They painted the wall whiteThey painted the wall white.We found him an honest personWe found him an honest person.注意：注意：动词
17、动词have,make,let,see,hear,have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,observe,watchnotice,feel,observe,watch等后面所接的等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，动词不定式作宾补时，不带不带toto。如：。如：4 4）老板让他们整天工作老板让他们整天工作。The boss made him The boss made him do do the work all day.the work all day.三、并列句三、并列句两个或者两个以上主谓结构两个或者两个以上主谓结构（并列句（并列句and/or/but/so）：
18、并列句指的是）：并列句指的是并并列的意思列的意思。经常用的有并列意思。经常用的有并列意思and；转折意思；转折意思but；因果意思；因果意思so。while对比意思对比意思 or 否则否则1)You help him and he helps you.2)He is poor,but he lives happily.3)He felt tired,so he went to bed early.需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。成一个并列句。
19、常用并列连词（常用并列连词（coordinating conjunctions）平行并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：转折并列连词：因果并列连词因果并列连词:选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand,neithernor not onlybut also,but,yet,however,whilefor,so,therefore,thus,henceor,otherwise,or else,eitheror一、请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。一、请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.Our school is beautiful.We all love ou
20、r school.2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.Our school is beautiful and we all love our school.The child hid behind his mothers skirt for he was afraid of the dog.He made a promise but he didnt keep it.二、改错题。1.At the end of our trip
21、,I told my father that I planned to return for every two years,but he agreed.2.Everyone was silent,wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.3.If we stay at home,it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.4.He had a deep voice,which set him apart from others in our small town,he was strong and powerful.and_waiting_and_and
