1、高考语法讲解冠词20191234o1真题小试1.【2011全国卷,33】It is generally accepted that _boy must learn tostand up and fight like _man.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;the D.a;不填2.【2011全国卷II,16】As he reached _front door,Jack saw_ strange sight.A.the;不填 B.a;the C.不填a D.the;a3.【2013福建】21.The“Chinese Dream”is _ dream to improve peoples
2、well-being and _ dream of harmony,peace and development.A.the;a B.a;a C.a;the D.the;the4.（2014江西卷）22.They chose Tom to be _captain of the team because they knew he was _smart leader.A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;aADBCo2语法讲解2.1 定冠词定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西，如：Mother carved the meat into slices.妈妈把肉切成了片。
3、定冠词用于可数名词前，表示一类人或东西，如：The horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物。定冠词用于第二次出现的名词之前，如：I got a letter yesterday.The letter was sent by Tom.我昨天接到了一封信。那信是汤姆发的。定冠词用于有词组或者定语从句修饰的名词前，如：He is investigating the cause of the fire.他正在调查这场大火的原因。定冠词用于某些名词或者形容词前，表示一类人，一个民族，阶级或阶层，如：the Chinese 中国人the rich 富人the dead 死者t
4、he deaf 聋人定冠词用于指说话双方都知道的人或事，如：Please close the door.请把门关上。定冠词用于世界上独一无二的事物前，如：the sun 太阳the earth 地球the world 世界定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序，如：the third group 第三组定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面，如：This is the most interesting book I have ever read.这是我所读过的书中最有趣的一本。定冠词在play后与乐器连用，如：play the piano 弹钢琴play the flute 吹长笛定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用，
5、表示一家人，如：The Blacks came to China in 1994.布莱克一家是1994年来中国的。定冠词的其他用法（1）用于表示江河海洋的名词前：the Changjiang River 长江the Red Sea 红海；（2）用于表示海峡海湾的名词前：the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾；（3）用于山脉沙漠的名词前：the Alps 阿尔卑斯山the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠；（4）用于国家名称：the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国；（5）用于公共建筑名前：the Na
6、tional Gallery 国家美术馆the Military Museum 军事博物馆；（6）用于机关、团体名词前：the State Council 国务院the Senate 参议院the House of Representatives 众议院；（7）用于报刊、条约之前：the Geneva Agreement 日内瓦协议the Washington Post 华盛顿邮报。注意与冠词连用的常考短语in the end：最后，终于on the whole：总之for the time being：暂时on the radio/phone：通过无线电话on the spot：在场，到场，
7、立即，马上to tell（you）the truth：说实话，老实说not in the least（=not at all）：一点也不make the most/best of：充分利用in the way：挡路on the right/left：在右/左面2.2 不定冠词不定冠词用在可数名词单数前表示“某一个”，如：There is a policeman at the door.门口有个警察。不定冠词用在可数名词单数之前，表示“任何，每个”，如：A car must be insured.汽车一定要上保险。不定冠词用于头一次出现的单数名词之前，如：There is a box in th
8、e room.The box is heavy.房间里有个箱子。这个箱子很重。不定冠词和名词连用作表语或同位语，主要说明某个人或东西所属类别，如：She is a teacher.她是个老师。不定冠词用在价格、速度、比率等短语中，如：3 times a day 每天三次six kilometers an hour 每小时6公里不定冠词用在专有名词前，如：He wants to buy a camera.他想买架相机。与不定冠词连用的常考短语注意have a gift for：有的天赋get a lift/ride：搭便车as a rule：通常，照例in a hurry：匆忙地once in
9、a while：偶尔a waste for：的浪费have a population of：有的人口have a history of：有的历史have an area of：有的面积have a knowledge of（=know）：知道go on a diet：节食in a sense：在某种意义上at a lost：困惑，不知所措all of sudden：突然a matter of：的问题2.3 零冠词（1）表示泛指的不可数名词。I have milk and bread for my breakfast。（2）表示泛指的复数可数名词Computers play a great pa
10、rt in our life。（3）学科名词前和表示三餐的名词前。We study physics and chemistry。（4）play后所接的球类运动、棋类游戏前。We often play football。（5）季节/月份/周/日/含有day的节日名词前。I was born in September。用零冠词的常考短语注意ahead of time：提前under repair：在修理之中by mistake：错误地by law：根据法律on board：在船（或火车等）上at war：在交战in debt：负债by air/land/water：乘飞机/走陆路/走水路out o
11、f work/order/control/date/patience/reach/breath/danger/season：失业/不按次序/失控/过时/失去耐心/够不着/上气不接下气/脱离危险/不合时令in use/danger/public：正被使用/处于危险之中/公开地come/rank first：名列第一catch fire：起火come to light：暴露、真相大白come to power（=take office）：上任、掌权make room for：为腾出空间2.4 小结 冠词的省略1.抽象名词表示一般概念，表示具体概念则不可省略1)Love is all you nee
12、d.泛指爱的情感 2)We are coming together across the nation to carry the Love of Jesus.指耶稣对人的具体的爱3)Happiness is contagious.泛指幸福4)Life is About Sharing the Happiness and Kindness指可以分享的具体幸福5)Crime is a growing problem in the inner cities.泛指犯罪行为6)Scenes of the Crime is a 2001 film directed by Dominique Forma a
13、nd written by Daniel Golka,Amit Mehta,and Forma.指具体的某种犯罪2.具象名词用其抽象意义时，如sea、town、office、market等，否则不可省略1)My uncle first went to sea at the age of 15.指成为水手，非指大海 2)He used to spend several months at sea.指出航，非指大海3)I went to the sea/seaside to swim.指具体的海边4)Whats on in town this weekend?指常住地，非指具体某个城镇5)Pats
14、 out of town until Tuesday.指常住地，非指具体某个城镇6)Whats on in the town this weekend?指某个具体城镇，非指常住地7)This government has been in office for about a year now.指执政，非指具体的政府部门8)The opposition parties would dearly love to vote it out of office.指执政，非指具体的政府部门9)She didnt get out of the office much before 7 oclock.指工作场
15、所，非指职务3.具体名词用其抽象功能时，如church、school、college、university、class、camp、hospital、prison、court、mosque、temple、government、work、home、bed，指具体建筑、家具或增加描述内容时则不可省略。注意：上述hospital、government、university在美国英语里不省略冠词1)Sorry,you cant talk to Annie.Shes at school.她是学生，非指学校的场所 2)I say much because its also clear that,if she
16、 was at the school,she was there because of her connection to the force.她在学校这个地方，但未必是学生3)Today her mother has gone to the school to meet the principal.指具体的学校，非指上学4)Rose is a student and she loves school.指读书，非指学校5)Its okay to hate school:There is nothing wrong with you.指读书，非指学校6)After graduating from
17、 high school he went to university.指高中及大学教育，非指具体学校；英国英语7)If you ask people why do they go to the university,specially if you ask that before they go,most of them will answer with one word:knowledge.指高等教育，非指学校；美国英语8)Representative delegation of the Peoples Republic of China visited the University.指学校
18、，非指大学教育9)Her mother is in hospital.她是病人，非指医院建筑；英国英语10)When Molly Was in the Hospital is a fictionalized account of what my older daughters,Jennifer and Allison,went through when their baby sister,Molly,was in and out of the hospital before and after her diagnosis of celiac disease.她是病人，非指医院建筑；美国英语11
19、)On arrival at the hospital you will be asked for your personal details.指医院建筑，英美同12)He will be in prison for five years.他是犯人，非指监狱建筑13)The aging dissident was released from prison.他是犯人，非指监狱建筑14)The plumber went to the prison to fix the pipes.他不是犯人，强调监狱场所15)She stayed in bed on Sunday morning instead
20、of going to church.她没有从事宗教活动，非指没去教堂那个场所16)He entered the church to photograph its interior.指教堂建筑17)The angry customer threatened to take him to court.顾客打官司，非指法庭建筑18)In the court he met an old friend.指法庭建筑19)What time are they leaving for temple 指祷告或礼拜活动，非指寺庙建筑20)Peter and John went to the Temple one
21、 afternoon to take part in the three oclock prayer service.指寺庙建筑21)I dont like going to work.泛指干活，非指具体行业或者单位22)I was at work yesterday.泛指单位，非指具体公司23)Jacks been out of work for almost a year.泛指就业，非指具体职业24)I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.指具体的任务25)I go to bed at 9pm.指睡觉，非指家具26)I hav
22、e a very comfortable bed.具体描述一张床27)Amazing stay,felt like we were at home!指家一样的感觉，非指自己家28)The Home is Where the Heart Is.指自己家4.复数名词或不可数名词表示一般概念或不确定数量，表示具体概念时不可省略1)Cars have accelerators.指小汽车的一般概念 2)I saw cars.指不确定的数量3)You saw the cars;now see how they came to be.指某种品牌的小汽车4)Wine is one of this countr
23、ys major exports.指葡萄酒的一般概念5)Can I drink wine during pregnancy?指不确定的数量，非指一般概念，更非指具体概念6)Holmes finds that the butler,knowing Shambley had bought the wine,poisoned it before it was ever taken from the cellar to be sent to the store.指具体的一瓶酒7)Kangaroos are common in Australia.指袋鼠物种的一般概念8)The kangaroos pe
24、rforming the sniffing gain much information from smell cues.指做出闻嗅动作的具体袋鼠9)Do you like cheese?指奶酪的一般概念10)Pass me the cheese please!指具体的一块奶酪11)He adores dancing.指舞蹈的一般概念12)OMG the dancing in the show was terrible!指某个具体的舞蹈节目5.人名，但强调时可加冠词1)Turner is my favourite painter.一般情况 2)A:I met Jennifer Lopez thi
25、s morning.B:What?The Jennifer Lopez?强调某个名人A:No!My flatmates sister is also called Jennifer Lopez;Im not talking about the singer.一般情况6.以人名或其所有格命名的地点1)Plan your travel to JFK Airport with the information provided in this site.人名 2)Ill see you at McDonalds.人名所有格3)We went to Maggies last night.人名所有格4)I
26、m going to Joes Diner for lunch.人名所有格7.头衔，非指具体人；如某职位只有一人则两可，不止一人则不可省略1)Matt Smith,Actor:Doctor Who.指头衔，非指具体某人 2)The doctor phoned.指具体某人，非指其头衔3)50 Achievements of the Labour Party in government under Prime Minister Tony Blair.指职位，非指具体某人4)The Prime Minister shook my hand.指具体某人，非指职位5)George Osborne is(
27、the)Chancellor of the Exchequer.仅有一人，冠词可以省略或保留6)David Rockefeller was authorized to hold the position of director of the Council on Foreign Relations.仅有一人7)George Osborne is a Cabinet minister.不止一人8.大部分的体育和游戏1)Anna Kournikova plays tennis to keep in shape.2)I love swimming.3)Rummy is definitely much
28、 more difficult than solitaire.4)She suggested playing Activity.9.Television指抽象的娱乐功能时，指机器时则不可省略；但其它娱乐如radio、theatre、circus、cinema、movies、ballet、opera则不可省略1)In the daytime I listen to the radio,but in the evenings I prefer to watch television.播放电视的功能 2)I am going to buy a television.电视机设备3)“Listen to
29、 the Radio”is a song written by Fred Knipe,and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams.收音机节目，习惯上不省略4)I often go to the ballet and opera.芭蕾舞剧，习惯上不省略10.早中晚餐，但描述具体某一餐或者正式宴会则不可省略1)I had toast for breakfast.通常的早餐概念 2)The breakfast that they served was fabulous.具体一餐3)Would you like to have
30、lunch?通常的午餐概念4)I had a quick lunch at Wendys.具体一餐5)Lets go out for dinner tonight.通常的晚餐概念6)That was the most delicious dinner Ive had in a while.具体一餐7)I attended a dinner at the Rotary Club.正式宴会11.带有分类字母或数字的名词1)The students have just read section C.2)The Chicago train is about to depart from track 5
31、.3)Her flight leaves from gate 32.4)He fell asleep on page 816 of“War and Peace”.5)She is staying in room 689.12.大部分的国家、城市、街道、公路、桥梁、公园、广场，但有例外1)Chile 一般情形 FranceKazakhstan2)the Netherlands 荷兰，例外情况，可能与复数岛屿有关the Philippines 菲律宾，例外情况，可能与复数岛屿有关3)Beijing 一般情形BucharestNew York4)the Hague 海牙，例外情形，类似Los Ang
32、eles里面的冠词the Vatican 梵蒂冈，例外情形，估计为习惯用法5)Oxford Street 一般情形Orchard Road Central ParkTimes Square6)the High Street 中央大街，例外情形the Mall 购物街、步行街，例外情形13.大部分的时间概念（inthemorning/afternoon/evening除外），增加具体描述则不可省略1)on Monday 一般概念 in Marchin summerat Christmasat midnightbefore duskafter sunset2)on the Monday of th
33、at week 增加具体描述the summer I met my future husbandthe best Christmas Ive ever hadit was a beautiful sunset14.美国口语里的日期，英国口语则不省略1)June the twenty-first.英国 2)June twenty-first.美国15.非正式地提及书籍、电影、音乐、艺术品的名称，但正式场合不省略1)Journey into Hell 常见表达 2)The Journey into Hell 正式名称3)Have you read Lord of the Rings right t
34、hrough?常见表达4)The Lord of the Rings 正式名称16.报刊标题，但正文中则不省略1)Iraqi Head Seeks Arms 标题 2)The Iraqi leader seeks weapons 正文3)Stolen Painting Found by Tree 标题4)A stolen painting was found sitting next to a tree.正文17.说明书或者指导手册，因为读者了然皆为特指1)Grasp drumstick.Place knife between thigh and body;cut through skin t
35、o joint.Separate thigh and drumstick at joint.18.太阳系行星，但地球两可1)Mars has 2 known moons while Saturn has 62 known moons.省略 2)The Challenger returned to Earth successfully.省略3)The Earth is getting over populated.不省略19.Little和few不带冠词为否定含义，如果加上不定冠词则变为肯定意味1)She has little money and few friends,so I doubt i
36、f shell get by.2)She has a little money and a few friends,so shell probably get by.20.介词短语，但增加描述后的一般表达则不可省略1)the riot got beyond control 介词短语 2)Hurricanes are beyond the control of governments.一般表达3)I came here by car.介词短语4)We drove in a red car.一般表达5)At the end of the 20th Century,the targeting and
37、 killing of children in war has become another crime against humanity.介词短语6)He got wounded in the Second World War.一般表达7)He goes to work by bus.介词短语8)Traxler said the driver was run over by the bus,and sent to the hospital with injuries.一般表达21.专有名词，但包含介词短语、地理概念、复数山脉、复数湖泊或复数岛屿时不可省略，但有例外1)MIT 普通专有名词；注
38、意缩写词另有省略习惯 2)The United States of America 含介词短语3)The Atlantic Ocean 地理概念4)The Charles River 地理概念5)The Great Lakes 复数湖泊6)Lake Superior 单数湖泊7)The Galapagos Islands 复数岛屿8)Long Island 单数岛屿9)The Rocky Mountains 复数山脉10)Mount Washington 单数山峰11)While in New Zealand I climbed Mount Cook,which is the highest
39、peak in the Southern Alps.12)the Matterhorn 单数山峰，例外情形22.缩写词作为一个词来拼读时，但逐个字母拼读的大型非商业机构则通常不省略1)OPEC 读/oh-PEK/2)NATO 读/NAY-toh/3)The BBC 非商业机构4)The FDA 非商业机构5)IBM 商业机构6)CNPC 商业机构o3口诀冠词基本用法口诀:名词是秃子,常要戴帽子。可数名词单,须用a或an。辅音前用a,an在元音前。若为特指时,则须用定冠。复数不可数,泛指the不伴。碰到代词时,冠词均不见。定冠词使用口诀:世界独一二次现,序词形容高级前。富人伤员按天算,方位乐器影
40、剧院。群岛河山江湖海,沙漠海峡与海湾。阶级党派国家名,普专复合姓氏前。组织团体和机关,朝代会议及报刊。双知年代击中脸,特指事物及习惯。o4练习()1._recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S.would behigher than the number of English speaker by_ year 2090.A.A,the B.A,/C.The,/D.The,a()2.If you go by _train,you can have quite a comfortable journey,
41、but make sure youget _fast one.A./,/B./,a C.the,a D./,/()3.It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life.A/,/B./,a C.the,/D.the,a()4.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city,I only remember it was_ Monday.。A.the,the B.a,the C.a,a D.the,a()5.If you grow up in _large family,you are
42、 more likely to develop _ability toget on well with _others.A./,an the B.a,the,/C.the,an,the D.a,the,the()6.Mrs,Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes.A.a,a B.an,the C.an,a D.thABBDBC()7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr.Richardson _ride to _Capital Airport.
43、A.the,a B.a the C./,a D./,the()8.On May 5,2005,at _World Table Tennis Championship,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in mens with _score of 4:1.A.a,a B./the C.a,/D.the,a()9.I knew _John Lennon,but not _famous one.A./,a B.a,the C./,the D.the,a()10.The book tells _life story of John Smith,w
44、ho left _school and worked for anewspaper at theage of 16.A.the,the B.a,the C.the./D.a,/()11.When you come here for your holiday next time,dont go to _hotel;I can find you_bed in my flat.A.the,a B.the,/C.a,the D.a,/()12.If you buy more than ten,they will knock20pence off_.A.a price B.price C.the price D.prices()13._on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speakingCanadians is _major concern of the country.A.The,/B.The,a C.An,the D.An,/DBBCAC谢谢你的观看！2019
