1、含有两个或者更多的相互并列的主谓结构的句子叫并列句。并列句中各分句之间是并列的，无从属关系。eg:The teachers name is Smith,and the pupils name is John.主系表+主系表 简单句：主+谓 You,he and I are good friends.Hurry up,or youll miss the early bus.主谓=句子 One can not see wind,however,it does exist.两个句子 and连接两个或两个以上的句子成分时，不构成并 列句。eg：You,she and I are all student
2、s.简单句bothand,neithernor连接两个句子成分时，仍属于简单句。eg：Both he and I like English.Martin studies neither English nor Spanish.并列句不一定用并列连词构成，有时可能用逗号或分号说明两个分句之间的意义为并列关系。eg：The moon went down;the stars grew pale;the cold day broke;the sun rose.Hurry up,its getting late.复合句就是由主句和一个或 一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能作全句的一
3、个句子成分，需要通过从属连词、关系代词、关系副词、连接副词等与主句连接起来。一、宾语从句 主谓宾 二、定语从句三、状语从句 主语从句 表语从句句子成分：主语 谓语 宾语 补语 表语 定语 状语宾语从句在复合句中可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。连词 并列（并列句）从属（从句）1.及物动词后的宾语从句(动宾从句)由从属连词that,if,whether引导。是否 if 如果 条件状语从句eg:I think that(hell return in an hour).主+谓 +宾语（一个句子）He asked me if/whether Miss Gao was a teacher
4、.由连接代词what,which,who,whose及wh-ever引导。在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。eg:She doesnt know what she should do next.She doesnt know what she should do next.what she should do next.陈述 she should do _？Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?由连接副词why,where,when,how引导,在句中担任状语的成分。eg：Could you tell me when the train will
5、leave?Do you remember how he came?主+谓语 +宾语时态 语序 引导词（4）介词后面的宾语从句（介宾从句）eg：Alice is sorry for what she said.She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.某些形容词后的宾语从句 eg：I am glad that you can join us.I am sorry（that）I am late.2.引导词it代表宾语从句在“及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，为了平衡句子结构，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句置于
6、宾语补足语的后面。It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.形式主语 eg:eg:I think it necessary(that we should do more practice in English learning).it=that we should do more practice in English learning 真正的宾语3.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句必须是陈述语序，即按照主语+谓语的顺序。eg:He asked me what I did yesterday afternoon.Do you know why winter is colder than
7、summer.4.宾语从句的时态(1)当主句中谓语是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可以按需要使用任何时态。eg:I hear（that）hell be back in a few days.主：一般现在时态 从：一般将来 I hear he came back a few days ago.主：一般现在 从：一般过去(2)当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态，以便保持与主句谓语动词时态的一致。eg:She said she was much better than before.主：过去时 从：一般过去 She said she was readi
8、ng a story book at seven yesterday.主：一般过去 从：过去进行 He told me that he would take good care of the baby.主：过去 从句：过去将来 She said they had seen this film several times.主：过去 从：过去完成 5.否定转移在主从复合句中，当主句的主语谓第一人称，谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:I dont think he will come wi
9、th you.I dont think you are right.6.宾语从句的简化(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。eg:I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为疑问词+不定式结构。eg:She doesnt know what she should do
10、next.=She doesnt know what to do next.1.马力喜欢这部电影。Mary loves this movie.2.穿黑色衣服的那个女生是杨幂。The girl in black is Yangmi.3.郭敬明不是一个基佬。Guo Jingming isnt a gay.1.你喜欢这部电影吗？Do you like this movie?2.郭敬明多高？How tall is Guo Jingming?3.郭敬明是个基佬，难道不是吗？Guo Jingming is a gay,isnt he?1.多忙的电影啊！（以what&how引导）What a busy mo
11、vie!How busy the movie is!2.不要在电影院里放屁(fart)！Dont fart at the cinema!3.请关门.Please close the door.句子种类你造吗！：说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式。语序是主语在前，谓语在后。Mary loves this movie.The girl in black is Yangmi.Guo Jingming isnt a gay.肯定句式：否定句式：She cant swim.Mary doesnt like this movie.The children didnt go to school y
12、esterday.在一般现在时和一般过去时中，当句子谓语动词是实义动词是，否定句式要用合适的助动词 dont,doesnt,didnt.按使用目的可分：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。1）一般疑问句：用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。Are you a pig?Do you love me?Isnt she a beautiful teacher?Can you fly?2）特殊疑问句：常用的特殊疑问词 what,where,who,when,why,which,howWhat day is it today?Where are you going?How are you?W
13、ho are you?3）选择疑问句：要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况选择其一的问句，叫选择疑问句。选择问句的两种或多种情况用or连接，语调先升后降，回答时不用yes或no。-Are you a boy or a girl?-Im a girl.-Where are you going,Shenzhen orThailand?-Im going to Thailand.4）反意疑问句：陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句，这种结构的句子叫反意疑问句。原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。-You are a dog,arent you?-No,Im not.-She likes eating Mc Do
14、nald,doesnt she?-Yes,she does.表示强烈感情或情绪的句子，一般由what或how引导。What a handsome boy he is!1.他是一个多么帅的男孩啊！【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】How handsome the boy is!2.这是一只多么可爱的狗啊！What a lovely dog it is!How lovely the dog is!【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】表示说话人直接向听话人发出命令、请求、邀请或提出劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句的主语经常省略。No smoking!不要抽烟！Dont fart at
15、 the cinema!不要在电影院放屁！Never give up!永不言弃！Let it go!随它吧！按句子结构可分：简单句、并列句和复合句。1.盗墓笔记很受欢迎。The Lost Tomb is very popular.2.吴邪和张起灵都很帅。Wu Xie and Zhang Qiling are handsome.3.吴邪起立然后向我走过来。Wu Xie stands up and walks to me.基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+O （主谓宾）基本句型三：+P （主系表）基本句型四：+IO+DO （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+O+OC （主谓宾宾补）把两个或几个简单句，
16、用并列连词连接起来成为并列句。He was tired.He went to bed.He was tired so he went to bed.Im ugly.Im gentle.Im ugly but Im gentle.常用的并列连词 and,bothand,平行并列连词 not onlybut also,neithernor but,however转折并列连词 while yet because 因果并列连词 so for,therefore or选择并列连词 otherwise eitheror1.Mary is thirsty,_ she needs a glass of wat
17、er.2.He is an actor,_ his wife is a singer.3.He was so tired,_ he had to go to school.4.Dont be late,_ there is a meeting.5.Hurry up,_youll be late.6.He works hard _ his brother is a lazy bone.soand/whilebutbecauseorwhile/but主句+从句He says something.宾语成分（由一个词语充当）He says that they are family.宾语成分（由一个句子
18、充当）vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.1.He has found out.She was late.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。2.I still remember the day.I first came to Aixuetang on that day.(when)3.This is Mary.Mary is a pig.(who)TNANK YOU第
19、三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十一节非谓语动词 非谓语动词分为动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。(一)动词不定式的功能功能例句作主语itsadj.for sb./of sb.to do sth.(it为形式主语，to do sth.为真正的主语)Its not easy for us to learn English.作表语The most important thing is to finish your homework first.作宾语动词to dowant/decide/pretend/wish/learn/would like to do动词形式宾语(it)
20、宾补to doI find it hard to get good grades.“动词疑问词to do”可改成“动词宾语从句”I dont know how to do it.I dont know how I should do it.37功能例句作补语动词宾语to dotell/ask/like/invite/allow/encourage sb.to do sth.动词宾语不带to的不定式一感(feel)一听(hear)三看(see，watch，notice)三让(have，make，let)sb.do sth.作状语目的：He got up early to catch the fi
21、rst bus.结果：He is too tired to walk again.作定语I have something to tell you.Zunyi is a good place to live in.38(二)动名词的功能功能例句作主语动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数Reading more books is good for us.作宾语完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)喜欢思念
22、要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)He enjoyed playing basketball.作表语 His favorite sport is playing soccer.作定语 shopping listfinishing line39(三)分词的功能功能现在分词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)作表语The story is boring.My watch is broken.作定语developing country(发展中国家)developed country(发达国家)作宾补I found him lying on the grass.I had my hair cut ye
23、sterday.40(四)非谓语动词考点 1“一感一听三看两让”变被动语态时，动词不定式符号to要还原：feel/hear/see/watch/notice/have/make sb.do sth.be felt/heard/seen/watched/noticed/had/made to do sth.2remember/forget/regret to do sth.记得/忘记/遗憾去做某事 remember/forget/regret doing sth.记得/忘记/后悔做了某事 3stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 4see/hear
24、 sb.doing sth.看见/听见某人正在做某事 see/hear sb.do sth.看见/听见某人做了某事或常做某事41 5常考的省略了to的动词不定式的句型 Why not do sth.？/Could(would)you please(not)do sth.？/had better(not)do sth./would rather do.than do 6固定形式：the first/last/next/only/second to do sth.He is the only person to know the truth.She is the first person to l
25、earn computer programming.7there be 主语to do sth.There is nothing to worry about.42 8后跟doing 的常考短语 have difficulty/trouble/problems doing feel like doingwould like to do spend time(in)doingbe busy doing prefer doing to doingbe used to doing look forward to doingdevote to doing make a contribution to
26、doing43 考点一动词不定式 1(2016中考改编)Dont forget_your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks.I wont.()AbringBto bringCbringing 2(2016中考改编)We can make a fire_ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.()Ato keepBkeepingCkeep 3(2016中考改编)_ a volunteer is great.I think so.Some of us want_voluntee
27、rs for the London Olympics.()ABeing;being BTo be;being CBeing;to beBAC44 4(2016中考改编)Granny often tells us_water in our daily life.()Asave BSavingCto save 5(2016中考改编)Teachers always warn the school kids_with strangers on their way home.()Anot talkBnot to talkCno talking 6(2016中考改编)So beautiful flower
28、s!I cant decide_for my mom.For Mothers Day.It cant be better to take some carnations(康乃馨).()Awhen to chooseBwhich to choose Chow to chooseCBB45 考点二动名词 1(2016中考改编)Would you like_or shall we go by bus?I prefer_，but we have to take a taxi，for time is short.()Awalking；to walkBto walk；walkingCwalk；to wal
29、k 2(2016中考改编)May I have a rest？I have already finished_the report.()AwriteBwritingCto writeBB46 3(2016中考改编)Its a fine day today.How about_？Sounds great！()Ago hiking Bgo to hikeCgoing hiking 4(2016中考改编)On her way home Lucy saw a thief_in a shop.She stopped_110 at once.()Asteal；callingBstealing；callin
30、gCstealing；to callCC47 考点三分词 1(2016中考改编)The new treatments_by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.()Ainvented BinventsCinvent 2(2016中考改编)While I was walking along the lake，I saw some fish_out of the water.()AjumpedBare jumping CjumpingAC48 3(2016中考改编)Is tea ready?No，mother is_it ready now.()A
31、doingBgettingCcooking 4(2016中考改编)Oh！Whats the matter?Im really_all the time.I have no energy.()Abusy BtiredChappyBB49BmeetingAdoingBrunningCrepairedAbeClaughing50第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十四节并列句 并列句：简单句并列连词简单句类型并列连词类型并列连词表平行and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as表转折but，yet(然而)，while(而)表选择or，not.but.(不是而是)，either.or.(要么要么)表因果as，for，so53 考点并列句(2016中考改编)The story is_and all of us are_in it.()Ainterest；interesting Binteresting；interest Cinteresting；interestedC54
