1、,生物制剂适应症以外的应用,徐东 北京协和医院,生物制剂的种类,CTLA4拮抗剂:Abatacept,肿瘤坏死因子拮抗剂的种类,TNFR II与 Fc的融合蛋白:依那西普,人鼠嵌合型的抗TNF-a抗体:英夫利昔单抗,人源化的抗TNF-a抗体:阿达木单抗,聚乙二醇人源化抗INF单克隆抗体:塞妥珠单抗,人源化的抗TNF-a抗体:戈利木单抗,TNFi,TNFi的指征外应用,TNFi的适应症 IFX:克隆恩病、溃疡性结肠炎、类风湿关节 炎、强直性脊柱炎和银屑病关节炎。 ETA:类风湿关节炎、幼年特发性关节炎、强 直性脊柱炎、银屑病关节炎和银屑病。 ADA:类风湿关节炎、幼年特发性关节炎和银 屑病关节炎
2、。,应用TNF抑制剂治疗可能有效的疾病,SAPHO 综合征 阿弗他口腔炎 多中心网状组织细胞增多症 巨噬细胞活化综合征 骨髓异常增生性疾病 坏疽性脓皮病 Sweets 综合征 自身炎症性疾病 高IgD 综合征 淀粉样变 Familial Hibernian fever SLE; PM/DM; SS PAPA syndrome 成人Still病 TRAPS 复发性多软骨炎 周期性发热 系统性血管炎 结节病 硬皮病,以下为TNF抑制剂导致急性肺间质病变的文献 Ostr AJ, et al. Pulmonary complications of infliximab therapy in patie
3、nts with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2006;33:6228. Kramer N, et al. Methotrexate pneumonitis after initiation of infliximab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002;47:6701. Lindsay K, et al. Acute progression of interstitial lung disease: a complication of etanercept particularl
4、y in the presence of rheumatoid lung and methotrexate treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45:10489. Quintos-Macasa AM, et al. Enbrel-induced interstitial lung disease. South Med J 2006;99:7834. Hagiwara K, et al. Acute exacerbation of preexisting interstitial lung disease after administration of e
5、tanercept for rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2007;34:11514. Huggett MT, et al. Adalimumab-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45:131213. Schoe A, et al. Pulmonary fibrosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab. Arthritis Rheum 2006;55:1579.,RA合并肺间质病变
6、,Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jun;69(6):1086-91. University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. METHODS: 367 patients with pre-existing RA-ILD were identified (299 treated with anti-TNF therapy and 68 treated with traditional DMARDs). RESULTS: 70/299 patients (23%) in the anti-TNF cohort died after a median follo
7、w-up of 3.8 years compared with 14/68 (21%) in the DMARD cohort after a median follow-up of 2.1 years. The mortality was 68 deaths/1000 pyrs in the anti-TNF cohort and 92/1000 pyrs in the DMARD cohort, generating an age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate ratio (aMRR) of 1.26. After further adjustment
8、for potential confounders, the aMRR fell to 0.81 for the anti-TNF cohort compared with the DMARD cohort. RA-ILD was the underlying cause of death in 15/70 (21%) and 1/14 (7%) patients in the anti-TNF and DMARD cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION: The mortality in patients with RA-ILD is not increased
9、following treatment with anti-TNF therapy compared with traditional DMARDs. The proportion of deaths attributable to RA-ILD is higher in patients treated with anti-TNF therapy, although reporting bias may exist.,合并间质性肺病的RA患者使用TNF抑制剂治疗的死亡率分析:来自英国的注册研究结果,Autoimmune diseases induced by biological agent
10、s: A double-edged sword? 生物制剂是一把双刃剑?,Autoimmunity Reviews,2010, 9(3):188-193 BIOGEAS Study Group,1370 patients with 19 systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) and 6 biological agents. Included SS, WG, sarcoidosis, SLE, BD, AOSD, cryoglobulinemia, et al. Higher rate response: infliximab in sarcoidosis (99
11、%), AOSD (90%), and polychondritis (86%); etanercept in BD (96%). Lack of efficacy: infliximab in SS etanercept in SS, WG, and sarcoidosis. In conclusion, current evidence on the use of biological therapies in patients with SAD is mainly based on uncontrolled, observational data.,生物制剂治疗适应症以外疾病的系统性回顾
12、.,Medicine (Baltimore). 2008;87(6):345-64. 西班牙,1推荐 4不推荐 A级别高,中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2010,4(1):36-49,TNF抑制剂在适应症以外的应用,小样本量 无对照研究 传统治疗无效,AOSD,成人Still病(AOSD),Successful treatment of a small cohort of patients with adult onset of Stills disease with infliximab: first experiences. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60:iii55iii57,
13、6例均经激素和一种或多种免疫抑制剂MTX/AZA/CTX的治疗,英夫利西成功治疗顽固性AOSD:前瞻性、非对照4例患者的研究 Clin Rheumatol (2004) 23: 4549,Tumour necrosis factor a blocking agents in refractory adult Stills disease: an observational study of 20 cases Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:262266.,评价TNF-alpha拮抗剂对于难治性AOSD的疗效与耐受性 20例患者,平均年龄40.7岁(18-74),平均病程为8.5年(
14、2-21) 临床表现:5例以系统性为主,15例是多关节受累。所有患者的激素和MTX疗效均不佳,TNF拮抗剂治疗成人Still病,18例患者同时用激素,17例同时用免疫抑制剂,Fautrel B, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:262-6.,*:5例先后使用这两种制剂,末次随访时,17例停用TNF-拮抗剂,因无效或失去疗效而停用的有11次,4次因不良反应,2次是其它原因。,结 论,TNF拮抗剂对于某些难治性成人Still病患者有效 大多数患者可达部分缓解 需要进一步的临床试验来评价TNF拮抗剂治疗AOSD的有效性与风险,Fautrel B, et al. Ann R
15、heum Dis. 2005;64:262-6.,系统性血管炎,巨细胞动脉炎、大动脉炎、川崎病、肉芽肿性血管炎、白塞病,大动脉炎,治疗前,治疗后,法国研究,Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patientsWith Takayasu arteritis : Experience from a referral center with long term followup,大动脉炎(难治性),2012年 5例报告+文献回顾(79例),激素用量减少 ESR、CRP下降,副作用,总结:(TA),1. TNF拮抗剂对难治性TA有效 2. 40%的难治性TA在应用T
16、NF拮抗剂后可停用激素 3. 20%的患者出现副作用,主要为感染,结论,巨细胞动脉炎,对照研究未能证实infliximab治疗组与对照组之间有差异,随机、对照研究. 44例GCA患者经激素治疗后病情缓解。 美国、英国、比利时、意大利和西班牙的22个中心。 目的:英夫利西是否增加维持缓解率? 2:1随机:激素+英夫利西单抗(5 mg/kg) 或激素+安慰剂. 随诊54周 结果: 未复发的比例在两组无显著性差异; 激素剂量10 mg/d时仍未复发的患者在两组无显著性差异。 结论: 局限性: 样本数较小,尚不能得出最终结论;英夫利西单抗仅使用了一个剂量。 英夫利西单抗作为激素缓解后巨细胞动脉炎的维持
17、治疗并未增加缓解率。,Infliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis: a randomized trial.,Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(9):621-30.,An Pediatr (Barc). 2010 Jul 31. Refractory Kawasaki disease with coronary aneurysms treated with infliximab. 5 个月大婴儿, 顽固性川崎病, 两次丙球治疗和三次静脉激素冲
18、击,仍发生冠状动脉血管瘤; 给予一次英夫利西单抗,病情明显改善。,川 崎 病,英夫利西治疗顽固性韦格纳肉芽肿患者的有效性研究,Rheumatology 2002;41:13031307,肉芽肿性血管炎,Successful treatment of meningeal involvement in Wegeners granulomatosis with infliximab Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:691692.,该病例头痛、复视,MP冲击+CTX2mg/kg/d治疗症状可缓解,但激素为50mg/d时,症状复发,Prospective study of TNF alpha
19、 blockade with infliximab in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:71721.,30例ANCA相关血管炎 Infliximab+CTX+Pre 6.5周, 88%的缓解率 7例严重的感染 复发率较高 结论: Infliximab有效,但应避免与CTX联合使用,以免较高的感染风险,33 例活动 性AAV. 17例常规治疗:激素+CTX;16例常规治疗+英夫利西( 0, 2, 6,10周.) 随诊:12月. 结果:英夫利
20、西组缓解率、不良反应、损伤指数与常规组无显著性差异。 结论:常规治疗联合英夫利西单抗对活动性AAV患者未带来额外的受益。,Addition of Infliximab to Standard Therapy for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis.,Nephron Clin Pract. 2010;117(2):c89-c97.,Infliximab 治疗系统性血管炎的总结,54,43/53(81%),Mean BVAS at endpoint,Phase II, open-label, prospective study 14 patients with acute f
21、lares of AASV. Adalimumab (40 mg) for 3 months, in combination with intravenous cyclophosphamide and a reducing of prednisolone. RESULTS: Eleven (78.5%) achieved remission within 14 weeks. BVAS decreased from 11.9 to 2.0 (P 0.01). Prednisolone dose decreased from 37.1mg/d to 8.1mg/d (P 0.01). Glomer
22、ular filtration rate increased from 17.1 to 30.1 (P 0.01). One patient died and three infections occurred.,Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Apr 5.,Prospective study of TNFalpha blockade with adalimumab in ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis with renal involvement.,白塞病,多脏器受累: 皮肤:结节红斑,毛囊炎样皮疹 粘膜:口腔、外阴溃疡;
23、眼炎:葡萄膜炎,视网膜血管炎 肠病 神经系统 血管,白塞氏病,青少年, 个案,12 Female 6 Etanercept intestinal + none,显著减少口腔溃疡和结节红斑,无口溃患者百分比,无结节损害患者百分比,p = 0.0017,p = 0.0002,BD的顽固性口腔、外阴溃疡,IFX治疗BD合并眼葡萄膜炎,治疗前 治疗后,Annals of Internal Medicine .2004,104:404-406,IFX可以明显减少眼炎发作次数,IFX可以明显提高视力,SHIGEAKI OHNO,J Rheumatol 2004;31:13628,英夫利西单抗治疗BD眼葡萄
24、膜炎,白塞氏病(葡萄膜炎),Int Ophthalmol,2013,33例 (Group 1) 传统治疗:oral prednisone, Cys, and AZA or MTX. 10例 (Group 2) 传统治疗失败, infliximab 5 mg/kg 周,共6次。 结果: 随诊30-36周,复发次数和缓解时间在infliximab组均优于传统治疗组。 24周时视力测试在infliximab组明显好于传统治疗组。 Tabbara KF. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146(6):845-50.e1.,英夫利西单抗治疗白塞病视网膜血管炎,肠白塞病,7例难治性肠白塞病患者
25、 既往治疗药物:秋水仙碱、美沙拉嗪、柳氮磺胺吡啶、MTX、硫唑嘌呤和大剂量激素; 3例用Etanercept(25mg/BIW/皮下注射),4例用Infliximab(3-5 mg/kg,静脉注射)。,Iwata S, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66(Suppl II):378,TNF拮抗剂治疗肠白塞病,消化道症状:所有患者均在数周内消失; CT和纤维结肠镜证实病变有修复; 其它症状(皮肤、眼炎、关节炎、口腔和外阴溃疡)也快速改善; CRP转阴; 临床持续缓解长达18个月; 所有患者均未发生不良事件。 TNF拮抗剂对于肠白塞病的短期/长期疗效和安全性均较好。,Iwat
26、a S, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66(Suppl II):378,BD肠病(日本),2013年5月ADA被批准(日本)用于BD肠病的诱导缓解治疗及维持治疗,英夫利西单抗治疗神经白塞病 Arthritis & Rheumatism,.2008,59:285290,临床+影像学改善,Case 2:头痛、复视、瞳孔不均等症状; MRI 治疗前:右侧脑桥病变,并延伸至丘脑和内囊 经抗感染、抗病毒、激素等治疗无效 IFX(5mg/kg)治疗6个月后: 病变消失,Clin Rheumatol. 2010;29(6):683-6. Proposing an algorithm
27、for treatment of different manifestations of neuro-Behcets disease. First-line drug include corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide. Second-line drugs are TNF alpha blocking drugs, interferon-alpha, chlorambucil, and mycophenolate mofenil.,神经白塞,TNF抑制剂在BD中的推荐治疗,* infliximab,
28、类克5mg/kg 0, 2, 6, 14, 22, 30, 38, and 46 weeks,Sustained response to infliximab in 2 patients with refractory relapsing polychondritis J Rheumatology 2003 30(6):1394-5,Case1: P+MTX(Aza)+HCQ 不能控制软骨炎和关节炎的症状,Case2: P+MTX(Aza、Cys、CTX)等 不能控制气管软骨炎、巩膜炎、血管炎和关节炎的症状。,复发性多软骨炎,Treatment of respiratory complicat
29、ions in recalcitrant relapsing polychondritis with infliximab. Rheumatology 2003; 42: 1117-1118,该病例经MP冲击治疗-30mg-减量-多次复发 合并用药:AZA, 氨苯砜,治疗前,治疗后,复发性多软骨炎,2012年 文献回顾 无RCT,INF:3-10mg/kg,每6-8周一次 ETA:50mg,每周一次 ADA:40mg,每2周一次,Semin Arthritis Rheum,2012,41:712-719,改善下述症状: 耳、鼻、喉气管软骨炎,气管增厚 发音困难,呼吸困难,阻塞性通气受损 听觉减
30、退; 巩膜炎,溃疡性角膜炎 关节炎, 皮肤血管炎,荨麻疹,TNF inhibition in SLE: where do we stand? Aringer M. Lupus. 2009;18:5-8.,系统性红斑狼疮,Lupus-like syndrome attributable to anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in 14 patients during an 8-year period at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009,A review of literature Open-label exp
31、erience suggests that TNF blockade is effective in SLE patients with arthritis, nephritis and skin disease. In particular, nephritis may remain in long-term remission after just four infusions of infliximab administered. Despite the induction of lupus-specific autoantibodies, short-term therapy with
32、 infliximab in combination with azathioprine appears feasible and relatively safe. The data call for controlled clinical trials.,Efficacy and safety of TNF-blocker therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2008;7(4):411-9.,Therapeutic blockade of TNF in patients with SLE-Promisi
33、ng or crazy? Aringer M, Smolen JS. Germany. Autoimmun Rev. 2011 May 18.,TNF作用:双向性,时效性; 共50多例报道,都为开放少病例或个例。解释结果需慎重; 目前得到的结论: 抗双链 DNA常短暂升高,但不伴随狼疮复发; 而aPL升高的患者可出现血管不良事件; 可发生细菌感染和肺炎等; 短期治疗相对安全,但长期使用TNF抑制剂可能加重病情; TNF抑制剂可能使狼疮肾炎、嗜血综合征以及肺间质病变好转 有关节炎的患者常对TNF抑制剂有效,但停药后易复发。,干燥综合征,研究1:单中心,开放标签试验 ; 16 例活动性SS 结果:
34、症状、实验室指标均有改善 Infliximab in patients with primary Sjogrens syndrome: a pilot study. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:23715. 研究2:多中心、随机、双盲 试验;103 例SS 结果:无效 Inefficacy of infiximab in primary Sjogrens syndrome: results of the randomized controlled trial of remicade in primary Sjogrens (TRIPPS). Arthritis Rheum
35、2004;50:12706. 研究3:对淋巴细胞和炎症指标的测定 结果:无效 Lack of efficacy of etanercept in Sjogrens syndrome correlates with failed suppression of TNFalpha and systemic immune activation. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Jan 15 唇腺的淋巴浸润灶与循环TNF水平无相关性。 通过测定血中淋巴细胞亚群、淋巴细胞活化标志和炎性细胞因子水平等表明,etanercept 治疗后上述几方面的异常均无改善。 提示TNF在pSS发病机制中并非重要细
36、胞因子。,多发性肌炎/皮肌炎,报道均为难治性的PM/DM,Possible role for tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in the treatment of resistant dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a retrospective study of eight patients Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65;1233-1236;,病例:8例(4DM;4PM) 平均病程:8.5年 均对多种药物无效 6例Etanercept 2例Infliximab 结论:抗TNFa治疗对部分顽固性的PM/DM
37、有效,Open-Label Trial of Anti-TNF-a in Dermato- and Polymyositis Treated Concomitantly with Methotrexate Eur Neurol 2008;59:159163,目的:Infliximab+MTX对新发未治疗的 PM/DM的疗效 方案:8个国家单位参加的多中心、开放研究。 Infliximab 10mg/kg/次+MTX 15mg/w 不用其他免疫抑制剂 研究被提前终止: 可纳入研究的病例太少、 很高的脱落率(病情进展和注射反应) 完成试验的患者:各方面均改善。,系统性硬化症/硬皮病,Inflixi
38、mab therapy in pulmonary fibrosis associated with collagen vascular disease. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2007; 25: 23-28,报道1例SSc(3 RA) 女 58岁 5年的病史。有RP,食管和肺部累及,但无皮肤硬化的表现(scleroderma sine scleroderma ) 肺纤维化经激素和AZA治疗1年无效 经infliximab治疗1年后, 病情稳定(无明显改善),An open-label pilot study of infliximab t
39、herapy in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Sep;68(9):1433-9,报道16例弥漫型SSc患者,26周开放试验,5次infliximab (5 mg/kg) 皮肤评分无变化 血清胶原合成的标志物(III型胶原氨基酸末端肽,I型胶原)水平下降,Biologic therapy for systemic sclerosis: a systematic review. J Rheumatol. J Rheumatol. 2011 Feb;38(2):289-96,3个研究infliximab, 3
40、个研究 etanercept 关节炎改善,HAQ-DI改善,1推荐 4不推荐 A级别高,中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2010,4(1):36-49,Tocilizumab (IL-6) 病例数少 RCT试验少,13例中轴型spA,脊柱关节病,spA,spA,总结,降低急性期反应物水平 不能从实质上改善中轴型脊柱关节病患者的病情,Multicentre,double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trialsBUILDER-1 and BUILDER-2 未经过TNF拮抗剂治疗的AS患者,Assessment of short-term sympto
41、matic efficacy of tocilizumab in ankylosing spondylitis: results of randomised, placebo-controlled trials,Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:95100,因无阳性结果而终止试验,TA,Tocilizumab in refractory Takayasu arteritis: A case series and updated literature review,44例难治性TA,75%,58%,Rapid control of disease activity by tocilizumab in 10 difficult-to-treat cases of Takayasu arteritis,TA,其他研究,*2例之前应用TNF抑制剂无效,总结,对难治性TA有一定效果 停药后易复发,需长期维持治疗 炎症指标的下降在治疗中并不能真正反应效果,与血管病变不一定平行,BD,7例,皮肤粘膜,眼炎,EN,神经系统,生物制剂的指征外应用,1.多为个案或小数量研究,缺乏大规模RCT研究 2. 探索阶段,主要用于难治性病例,在与患者充分沟通后使用(建议用之前查阅文献,找到支持证据),不作为常规首选方案 3.注意副作用,谢 谢 !,