1、病例摘要,患者女性,75岁,主因“皮肤黄染伴搔痒1个月”门诊入院。 1个月前无明显诱因出现皮肤发黄伴搔痒,大便颜色变浅,尿色深如茶水,就诊于中医院,考虑为老年搔痒症,予以中药口服治疗。1个月来皮肤搔痒无缓解,并逐渐出现皮肤巩膜重度黄染,上腹饱胀,进食差,大便为白陶土色,体重下降15公斤。现来我院就诊。 既往冠心病10年、高血压13年 查体:皮肤巩膜重度黄染,右上腹可触及胆囊肿大,无压痛。,化验改变,1、诊断学方面作何考虑?(黄疸类型、部位、可能的疾病) 2、进一步作何检查?,阻塞性黄疸 (obstructive jaundice),各种原因引起的胆汁排泄通道受阻,使胆小 管和毛细胆管内压力增大
2、破裂,致使结合胆 红素逆流入血, 造成血清胆红素升高所致。,临床表现 黄疸:暗黄色甚至黄绿色 心动过缓 皮肤搔痒(因胆盐和其胆汁成分反流入体循环内,刺激皮肤周围神经末梢所致) 粪色浅甚至白陶土色 尿色深,实验室检查 血清TB升高,以CB升高为主 CB/TB 50-60% 尿胆红素试验阳性 尿胆原及粪胆素减少或缺如 血清碱性磷酸酶及总胆固醇增高,各种黄疸时血、尿、粪胆色素的改变,Etiology of Obstructive Jaundice,Intrahepatic-Liver cell Damage/Blockage of Bile Canaliculi Drugs or chemical
3、toxins Hepatitis-viral,chemical Infiltrative tumors Intrahepatic biliary hypoplasia or atresia Primary biliary cirrhosis,Etiology of Obstructive Jaundice,Extrahepatic-Obstructive of bile Ducts Choledocholithiasis Gallblader stones(Mirrizzi syndrome) Cancer/Neoplasm: Pancreatic CA Cholangiocarcinoma
4、(rare) Gallbladder CA Ampullary adenoma/adenocarcinoma Duodenal adenoma/adenocarcinoma Metastatic CA Strictures after invasive procedures Acute and chronic pancreatitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC),Imaging for Obstructive Jaundice,BUS: identification of stones Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): vi
5、sualization of the common bile duct without the hindrance of overlying bowel gas CT scan: identification and description of obstruction ERCP Direct visualization of biliary tree & pancreatic ducts Diagnostic & therapeutic MRCP PTC Injection of contrast media provides close to 100 percent sensitivity
6、 and specificity for the diagnosis of biliary tract obstruction Useful when the obstruction is proximal to the common hepatic duct,1、诊断、诊断依据? 2、如何治疗?,1、进行性“无痛”性黄疸 2、化验:阻塞性黄疸 3、胆囊增大 4、影像学检查示胆总管下端梗阻,治疗目标,解除黄疸 去除病灶 减少复发,治疗选择,引流术 内引流 胆囊空肠吻合 胆管十二指 肠吻合 胆管空肠Roux-en-y吻合 支架置入 外引流 PTCD 局部切除 胰十二指肠切除术 传统胰十二指肠切除 保留幽门胰十二 指肠切除,Treatment,