1、从属连词从属连词 从属连词的用法从属连词的用法 1.引导宾语从句的从属连词 that引导宾语从句 e e.g.g.I think I think that he likes football.that he likes football.连词that引导宾语从句时，that在句子中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文 体中常省略。e e.g.g.He said(that)He said(that)Jack was good at swimmingJack was good at swimming.Mike said(that)he was feeling ill.Mike said(that)he
2、was feeling ill.if,whether表示“是否”时，两个词都能引导宾语从句。eg eg：I donI don t know t know if/whether if/whether Tim Tim e.I wonder I wonder if/whether if/whether I can borrow your car?I can borrow your car?if 和whether引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换。If一般在口语中用的比较多，whether在书面语和正式场合下用的比较多。引导宾语从句，以下情况下只用whether不用if。与动词不定式连用时 e.g.I
3、 dont know whether to go.在介词后面作宾语时 e.g.Im worried about whether she can come here on time.与or not 连用时 e.g.I dont know whether to have a party or not.I asked my father whether or not I should buy a bike.宾语从句前置时 e.g.Whether this is true,I cant say.I cant say whether/if this is true 用if会引起歧义时 if 如果 if
4、是否 e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhether youlikeit.在discuss后 e.g.We re discussing whether well hold a sports meeting.We discussed whether we should close the shop.2.引导状语从句的从属连词(1)(1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有：引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有：when,while,as,before,after,until/till,since,as soon aswhen,while,as,before,after,until/till,sin
5、ce,as soon as等。等。when,while 当.的时候e.g.He was doing his homework when I came in.I came in when/while he was doing his homework.As/When/While he was doing his homework,I came in.before before在在.之前之前；after after 在在.之后之后“e e.g g.Ill stay here before my mother comes back.Ill stay here before my mother com
6、es back.After you think it over,please let me know your decision.After you think it over,please let me know your decision.until until 直到直到.e e.g g.I knew nothing about it until he told me.I knew nothing about it until he told me.s sinceince 自从自从.以来以来 e.e.g g.Its five years since I studied English.It
7、s five years since I studied English.I have lived in Beijing since I came to China.I have lived in Beijing since I came to China.as soon as as soon as 一一.就就.“e.e.g g.I Ill call you ll call you as soon as as soon as I get thereI get there.主将从现主将从现(2)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：as,because,since等。e.e.g g.He didnt g
8、o to school because he was ill.He didnt go to school because he was ill.Since every body is here,let Since every body is here,lets begin.s begin.既然，鉴于既然，鉴于 Wed better hurry as it is getting late.Wed better hurry as it is getting late.(3)(3)引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where,whereverwhere,wherever等。
9、等。e.e.g g.Wherever she may be,she will be happy.Wherever she may be,she will be happy.Go back where you came from.Go back where you came from.Go back to the village where you came from.Go back to the village where you came from.(4)(4)引导条件状语从句的从属连词：引导条件状语从句的从属连词：if,unlessif,unless（除非）（除非）,as long as,
10、as long as只要只要等。等。e.e.g g.He will not come unless he is invited.He will not come unless he is invited.Youll be late for the class if you dont hurry.Youll be late for the class if you dont hurry.As long as you As long as youre happy,it doesnre happy,it doesnt matter what you do.t matter what you do.(
11、5)(5)引导目的状语从句的从属连词：引导目的状语从句的从属连词：so that,in order thatso that,in order thate.e.g g.He gets up early every morning so that he can catch He gets up early every morning so that he can catch the first bus.the first bus.I came here in order that I might take a good look at I came here in order that I mig
12、ht take a good look at the new bridge.the new bridge.(6)(6)引导结果状语从句的从属连词：引导结果状语从句的从属连词：so.that,such.thatso.that,such.that等。等。如此如此以致于以致于e.e.g g.I worked so hard that I got the first place.I worked so hard that I got the first place.I worked such hard that I got first place.I worked such hard that I g
13、ot first place.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.(7)(7)引导让步状语从句的从属连词：引导让步状语从句的从属连词：though/although,even if/even though though/although,even if/even though等。等。e.e.g g.Even if you were here yesterday,you couldnEven if you we
14、re here yesterday,you couldnt help him.t help him.Though he is old,he still works hard.Though he is old,he still works hard.a/an+adj.+名词=so+adj.+a/an+名词 such +that从句 adj.+不可数名词/可数复数 eg：He is such a clever boy that we all like him.such a clever boy=so clever a boy so修饰形容词或副词 so+adj./adv.+that从句eg：He
15、is so clever a boy that we all like him.当复数名词前有many,much,few,little等表示数量多少的形容词时用such.eg：He is such a little boy that he cant read or write.both 1.代词：意为“两者都”,谓语动词用复数。eg：Both of us are from America.=We are both Americans.2.形容词：修饰名词时，名词使用复数。eg：Both his eyes were seriously burned.3.连词：与and 连用，意为“两者都”连接主
16、语时谓语动词用复数。eg:Both my brother and I are football players.either 1.代词:意为“两者中的任何一个”,谓语动词用单数。eg:Either of the girls is very beautiful.2.形容词:修饰名词时，名词使用单数。eg:Either girl is very beautiful.3.连词:与or连用：eitheror意为“不是.就是.，要么.要么.，或者.或者”连接两个并列的句子成分（连接主语时，谓语动词就近原则）eg:Either you or I am wrong.neither 1.代词:意为“两者中任何
17、一方都不”both的反义词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。eg:Neither of the books is mine.2.形容词:修饰名词时，名词使用单数。eg:Neither boy can swim.3.连词:与nor连用：neithernor 意为“既不也不”连接两个并列的句子成分（连接主语时，谓语动词就近选择）eg:Neither I nor he is a teacher.though 和although 虽然.但是.although和though同义，在一般情况下，可以互换使用。but eg：Though/Although my car is very old,I dont want
18、 to buy a new one.=My car is very old,but I dont want to buy a new one.even能和though组合表示强调，但even不能和although组合。eg：Even though we could afford it,we wouldnt go abroad for our vocation.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用though,而不用although。eg：Though all the world were against me,I should still hold to my opinion.though可
19、以独立用作副词，常放在句末。eg：She didnt tell me what she had done,but I know it though.ExerciseExercise1.Peter will cook for her parents _ the International Day of Families come.A.unless B.when C.until D.though2.My father like reading a newspaper _ he is having breakfast.A.until B.while C.because D.thoughExercis
20、eExercise3.Friends should help each other _ they are in trouble.A.before B.when C.but D.and4.My mom took me to the park _ she washed the clothes.A.after B.now C.what D.which ExerciseExercise5.-What shall we do now?-_ its raining hard,lets stay at home.A.So B.Since C.Though D.If6._ they are twin brot
21、hers,they dont look like each other.A.Though B.Since C.However D.When ExerciseExercise7.In summer,food goes bad easily _ it is put in the refrigerator.A.until B.if C.unless 8.-Would you please give this book to Mary?-Sure,Ill give it to her _ she comes back.A.before B.as soon as C.till ExerciseExerc
22、ise9.The little boy is _ young _ he cant go to school.A.enough;to B.too;to C.so;that D.such;that 10.My uncle has been taught in this school _ he was twenty years old.A.since B.for C.until D.after ExerciseExercise11._ you go,a minute is 60 seconds,an hour is 60 minutes,and a day is 24 hours.A.whereve
23、r B.where C.whenever D.when 12.After climbing the hill,I was _ tried _ I could hardly walk.A.so;that B.such;thatC.as;as D.not so;as 1.马力喜欢这部电影。Mary loves this movie.2.穿黑色衣服的那个女生是杨幂。The girl in black is Yangmi.3.郭敬明不是一个基佬。Guo Jingming isnt a gay.1.你喜欢这部电影吗？Do you like this movie?2.郭敬明多高？How tall is G
24、uo Jingming?3.郭敬明是个基佬，难道不是吗？Guo Jingming is a gay,isnt he?1.多忙的电影啊！（以what&how引导）What a busy movie!How busy the movie is!2.不要在电影院里放屁(fart)！Dont fart at the cinema!3.请关门.Please close the door.句子种类你造吗！句子种类你造吗！：说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式。语序是主语在前，谓语在后。Mary loves this movie.The girl in black is Yangmi.Guo Jin
25、gming isnt a gay.肯定句式：否定句式：She cant swim.Mary doesnt like this movie.The children didnt go to school yesterday.在一般现在时和一般过去时中，当句子谓语动词是实义动词是，否定句式要用合适的助动词 dont,doesnt,didnt.按使用目的可分：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。1）一般疑问句：用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。Are you a pig?Do you love me?Isnt she a beautiful teacher?Can you fly?2）
26、特殊疑问句：常用的特殊疑问词 what,where,who,when,why,which,howWhat day is it today?Where are you going?How are you?Who are you?3）选择疑问句：要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况选择其一的问句，叫选择疑问句。选择问句的两种或多种情况用or连接，语调先升后降，回答时不用yes或no。-Are you a boy or a girl?-Im a girl.-Where are you going,Shenzhen orThailand?-Im going to Thailand.4）反意疑问句：陈述句之后
27、加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句，这种结构的句子叫反意疑问句。原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。-You are a dog,arent you?-No,Im not.-She likes eating Mc Donald,doesnt she?-Yes,she does.表示强烈感情或情绪的句子，一般由what或how引导。What a handsome boy he is!1.他是一个多么帅的男孩啊！【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】How handsome the boy is!2.这是一只多么可爱的狗啊！What a lovely dog it is!How lovely the d
28、og is!【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】表示说话人直接向听话人发出命令、请求、邀请或提出劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句的主语经常省略。No smoking!不要抽烟！Dont fart at the cinema!不要在电影院放屁！Never give up!永不言弃！Let it go!随它吧！按句子结构可分：简单句、并列句和复合句。1.盗墓笔记很受欢迎。The Lost Tomb is very popular.2.吴邪和张起灵都很帅。Wu Xie and Zhang Qiling are handsome.3.吴邪起立然后向我走过来。Wu Xie stands up and
29、 walks to me.基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+O （主谓宾）基本句型三：+P （主系表）基本句型四：+IO+DO （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+O+OC （主谓宾宾补）把两个或几个简单句，用并列连词连接起来成为并列句。He was tired.He went to bed.He was tired so he went to bed.Im ugly.Im gentle.Im ugly but Im gentle.常用的并列连词 and,bothand,平行并列连词 not onlybut also,neithernor but,however转折并列连词 while yet b
30、ecause 因果并列连词 so for,therefore or选择并列连词 otherwise eitheror1.Mary is thirsty,_ she needs a glass of water.2.He is an actor,_ his wife is a singer.3.He was so tired,_ he had to go to school.4.Dont be late,_ there is a meeting.5.Hurry up,_youll be late.6.He works hard _ his brother is a lazy bone.soand
31、/whilebutbecauseorwhile/but主句+从句He says something.宾语成分（由一个词语充当）He says that they are family.宾语成分（由一个句子充当）vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.1.He has found out.She was late.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。2.I still rem
32、ember the day.I first came to Aixuetang on that day.(when)3.This is Mary.Mary is a pig.(who)TNANK YOU第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十一节非谓语动词非谓语动词分为动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。(一)动词不定式的功能功能例句作主语itsadj.for sb./of sb.to do sth.(it为形式主语，to do sth.为真正的主语)Its not easy for us to learn English.作表语The most important thing
33、 is to finish your homework first.作宾语动词to dowant/decide/pretend/wish/learn/would like to do动词形式宾语(it)宾补to doI find it hard to get good grades.“动词疑问词to do”可改成“动词宾语从句”I dont know how to do it.I dont know how I should do it.46功能例句作补语动词宾语to dotell/ask/like/invite/allow/encourage sb.to do sth.动词宾语不带to的不定
34、式一感(feel)一听(hear)三看(see，watch，notice)三让(have，make，let)sb.do sth.作状语目的：He got up early to catch the first bus.结果：He is too tired to walk again.作定语I have something to tell you.Zunyi is a good place to live in.47(二)动名词的功能功能例句作主语动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数Reading more books is good for us.作宾语完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，
35、be worth，be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)He enjoyed playing basketball.作表语His favorite sport is playing soccer.作定语shopping listfinishing line48(三)分词的功能功能现在分词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)作表语The story is boring.My watch is broken.作定语dev
36、eloping country(发展中国家)developed country(发达国家)作宾补I found him lying on the grass.I had my hair cut yesterday.49(四)非谓语动词考点1“一感一听三看两让”变被动语态时，动词不定式符号to要还原：feel/hear/see/watch/notice/have/make sb.do sth.be felt/heard/seen/watched/noticed/had/made to do sth.2remember/forget/regret to do sth.记得/忘记/遗憾去做某事rem
37、ember/forget/regret doing sth.记得/忘记/后悔做了某事3stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事4see/hear sb.doing sth.看见/听见某人正在做某事see/hear sb.do sth.看见/听见某人做了某事或常做某事505常考的省略了to的动词不定式的句型Why not do sth.？/Could(would)you please(not)do sth.？/had better(not)do sth./would rather do.than do6固定形式：the first/last/next/
38、only/second to do sth.He is the only person to know the truth.She is the first person to learn computer programming.7there be 主语to do sth.There is nothing to worry about.518后跟doing 的常考短语have difficulty/trouble/problems doingfeel like doingwould like to dospend time(in)doingbe busy doingprefer doing
39、to doingbe used to doinglook forward to doingdevote to doingmake a contribution to doing52考点一动词不定式1(2016中考改编)Dont forget_your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks.I wont.()Abring Bto bringCbringing2(2016中考改编)We can make a fire_ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.()Ato keepBk
40、eepingCkeep3(2016中考改编)_ a volunteer is great.I think so.Some of us want_volunteers for the London Olympics.()ABeing;being BTo be;beingCBeing;to beBAC534(2016中考改编)Granny often tells us_water in our daily life.()AsaveBSavingCto save5(2016中考改编)Teachers always warn the school kids_with strangers on thei
41、r way home.()Anot talkBnot to talkCno talking6 (2 0 1 6 中 考 改 编)S o b e a u t i f u l f l o w e r s!I c a n t decide_for my mom.For Mothers Day.It cant be better to take some carnations(康乃馨).()Awhen to chooseBwhich to chooseChow to chooseCBB54考点二动名词1(2016中考改编)Would you like_or shall we go by bus?I p
42、refer_，but we have to take a taxi，for time is short.()Awalking；to walk Bto walk；walkingCwalk；to walk2(2016中考改编)May I have a rest？I have already finished_the report.()Awrite BwritingCto writeBB553(2016中考改编)Its a fine day today.How about_？Sounds great！()Ago hikingBgo to hikeCgoing hiking4(2016中考改编)On
43、her way home Lucy saw a thief_in a shop.She stopped_110 at once.()Asteal；callingBstealing；callingCstealing；to callCC56考点三分词1(2016中考改编)The new treatments_by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.()AinventedBinventsCinvent2(2016中考改编)While I was walking along the lake，I saw some fish_out of the wa
44、ter.()AjumpedBare jumpingCjumpingAC573(2016中考改编)Is tea ready?No，mother is_it ready now.()Adoing BgettingCcooking4(2016中考改编)Oh！Whats the matter?Im really_all the time.I have no energy.()AbusyBtiredChappyBB58BmeetingAdoingBrunningCrepairedAbeClaughing59第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十四节并列句并列句：简单句并列连词简单句类型并列连词类型并列
45、连词表平行and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as表转折but，yet(然而)，while(而)表选择or，not.but.(不是而是)，either.or.(要么要么)表因果as，for，so62考点并列句(2016中考改编)The story is_and all of us are_in it.()Ainterest；interestingBinteresting；interestCinteresting；interestedC63第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十节动词的语态(一)分类语态例句主动语态：表示主
46、语是动作的执行者Many people speak Chinese.被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者Chinese is spoken by many people.66(二)常用被动语态的形式及构成(以do为例)时态构成例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneThe classroom is cleaned every day.一般过去时was/wereThe classroom was cleaned just now.现在进行时am/is/are beingThe classroom is being cleaned now.过去进行时was/were beingThe classroo
47、m was being cleaned at this time yesterday.一般将来时will/shall beThe classroom will be cleaned tomorrow.过去将来时would beThe classroom would be cleaned the next day.现在完成时have/has beenThe classroom has already been cleaned.过去完成时had beenThe classroom had already been cleaned by them.情态动词can/may/must/should be
48、The classroom must be cleaned every day.67(三)被动语态考点1sell和sell outsell无被动语态；sell out有被动语态The book sells very well.The book has been sold out.2take place/happen/change/break out(爆发)无被动语态Our home town has changed a lot.A car accident happened just now.683动词不等式符号to在be made/be heard/be seen中还原be made to
49、do sth.被迫做某事；be heard/seen to do sth.被听到/看到做某事The workers were made to work for a long time in the old time.The girl is heard to sing in the next door.The boys are seen to play soccer on the playground.69考点一被动语态的应用1(2016中考改编)In many places in China，the old over 90_not only by their family but also b
50、y the government.()Ais taking good careBare taken good care ofCis taking good care of2(2016中考改编)Bamboo can_ paper.()Aused to makeBbe used makeCbe used to make3(2016中考改编)It is true that knowledge_rather than being taught.()AlearnsBlearnedCis learnedBCC704(2016中考改编)Driving after drinking wine_in China
