1、 北京北京 20192019 中考英语阅读理解（三）中考英语阅读理解（三） 专题十八 阅读理解 第 3 讲 北京西城一模阅读理解 CD 篇 1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。 2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。 3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。 C 篇 知识篇 “巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳 理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快
2、来看看你掌握了吗？ 高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会 翻译的为差。 ） 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 良 差 in common 共同的，共 有的 教教学目标学目标 名名师点拨师点拨 remember v. 记得 experience v. 经验，经历 n. experience share v. 分享 environment n. 环境 notice v. 注意 attend v. 出席 wonderful adj. 极好的 adult n. 成年人 check out 检验 长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备,
3、以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻 译的为差。 ） 1. What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life.（优良差） _ _ 句意：编码和写作，演奏音乐和创造艺术的共同点是它能够让你把你的想法带进生活。 本句为复合句，主语是由 what 引导的主语从句，表语是由 that 引导的表语从句，翻译时要注意主从句的翻 译。 2. Its so much fun to share ones
4、 creations, and to see what everyone else has made too.（优 良差） _ _ 句意：分享自己的创作是非常有趣的，而且也可以看看其他人都创造了什么。 本句话的前半句是 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 to share ones creations。 方法篇 “方法得当, 事半功倍。 ” 只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。 对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多
5、少？ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一 步 快速浏览全文， 了解文章 大概。 浏览时要注意以下句子： 每段的开头和结尾， 重要的情 节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句 子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二 步 浏览问题，明确要求。 把文章后每个题目内容看明白， 这样又能辅助进一步理 解文章的主要内容， 具体做题时就能对号入座， 找到文 章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。 第三 步 通篇寻读，确定段落。 也就是带着问题去读， 找到要回答问题的关键词、 句或 意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便 为下一步答题做好充分准备。 第四 步 逐条分析，对号入座。 把需要
6、回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析， 对号 入座。 一般来说， 出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自 上到下顺序设计的， 根据难度先解决容易的， 最后解决 深层次的理解题。 第五 步 复读全文，验证答案。 全部题目做完后， 必须再仔细阅读一遍全文， 进一步加 深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大 意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能 力。 问题包
7、括询问人 （who） 、 物 （what） 、 时间 （when） 、 地点 （where） 、 原因 （cause） 、 结果（effect） 、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这 些细节。 设题 方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)? 解题 技巧 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 2
8、. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题 精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a
9、knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别 扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为 cut up potatoe
10、s with their left hand，浏览段落， 确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把 土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案， 故选 C。 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生
11、根据文章的逻辑关系进行推 理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意， 文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。 设题 方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_. 2. From the text we know that _. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _. 解题 技巧 1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行
12、推断 3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题 精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to
13、bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his st
14、ories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress t
15、he great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言 进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论 Syal 和 Perry 的例子的目的是什么？” 。两个段落很长，我们 首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为 a
16、 writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal 说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想” ，第二段关键句为 He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考” ，由这两句关键句 可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力， ” ，故选 D。 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。 而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要
17、根据文中语境来判断。 设题 方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _. 2. The word“”most likely means _. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _. 解题 技巧 1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 3. 通过构词法猜测词义 4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 5. 通过描述猜测词义 6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题 精析 Chi
18、ldren are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep
19、 up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词 while“然而” ，while 后的句意为“无聊能 给他们发展创造力的机会” ，所以 while 之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词 义。A 意为“ （使）慢下来” ，B 意为“跟上” ，C 意为“超出” ，D 意为“引起，导致” ， 故选 A。 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。 设题 方式 1. 问标题：What is the main topic of th
20、e passage? / The best title for the passage is _. 2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _. 3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of this article is to _. 解题 技巧 1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题 精析 In the
21、 past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed stude
22、nts can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词 but，but 之前的关键 词 in the pa
23、st 和 it was strange to use the left hand 表明了在过去人们认为 使用左手是奇怪的，but 之后的关键词 these days 和 have accepted that 表明了 现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态 度上的转变。可以判定答案为 Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选 D。 浏览问题 （抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章） 语语篇精讲篇精讲 题号 题干及选项 1 In the writers first coding class, she _. （细节理
24、解题） A. made apps and games B. created a web page C. wrote for newspapers D. did some interviews 2 Why do more girls begin to learn coding?（细节理解题） A. There are coding classes for girls. B. Girls want to learn a “boy thing”. C. There are more girls in STEM. D. Girls can meet cool boys there. 3 What do
25、es the writer think of coding?（推理判断题） A. It is better than playing music. B. It limits childrens imagination. C. It stops people from learning fast. D. It helps children with their creativity. 4 What is probably the best title for this passage?（主旨大意题） A. Start Coding as Early as Possible B. Come for
26、 Fun in Coder Dojo Class C. Kids Should Have Chances to Learn to Code D. STEM IS Calling for More Girls and Women 通篇寻读 （通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备） 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 夹叙夹 议 429 7 分钟 _/4 As kids, we learn how to write, maybe play a musical instrument and draw. So why dont we
27、 learn to code(编码) computer programs too? What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life. Coding is all about creativity and thats why I love it. Creating with code Coder Dojo helps young people around the world to learn computer p
28、rogramming for free. When I went to my first Coder Dojo class in Dublin City University in Ireland, at age nine, I didnt know anything about coding or even what it was. But I remember making my very first web page that first day, and being surprised that I could create such a thing. It was a great f
29、eeling that I think every young person should experience! By going to Coder Dojo every week, I learned how to make websites, apps and games. One of my apps is called Auto-Journalist. It can help journalists(记者) and interviewees do interviews even if they are both really busy or live in different tim
30、e zones. It is still in development, and I have showed it at all event called Coolest Projects Awards, where young people get to show the public what they have created with code. Its so much fun to share ones creations, and to see what everyone else has made too. Learning environment For the past th
31、ree years I have also been helping to teach other young people at Coder Dojo DCU. In recent years I have also noticed many more girls attending Coder Dojo DCU to try out coding. This has a lot to do with the Coder Dojo girls classesgirls and young women take part in it with their friends，and it does
32、nt feel like coding is a “boy thing”. It is really wonderful to see this, because we need more girls and women in STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths). Its a good way to learn more about technology. Start early One of the main things I have learned in the last few years is that coding is
33、 not only for adults, coding is for young people, too. And when you are a child it is a great time to start coding, because your imagination is the limit for what you can create! Want to learn more? Find out if there is a Coder Dojo near you at www. Coder dojo. com or set one up yourself! Also check
34、 out Code. org which has lots of fun drag-and-drop coding games. 逐题分析 语篇解读：本篇文章主要讲述了编码这一概念，从编码有助于提高创造力，编码目前的学习环境两方面进行 讨论，最后呼吁应该给孩子们学习编码的机会。 1. In the writers first coding class, she _. A. made apps and games B. created a web page C. wrote for newspapers D. did some interviews 解析：B. 细节理解题。根据题干关键词 fir
35、st coding class 可以将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据第二段关键句“I remember making my very first web page that first day”可以得知作者在第一节编码课上创造了一个网 页，故选 B。 2. Why do more girls begin to learn coding? A. There are coding classes for girls. B. Girls want to learn a “boy thing”. C. There are more girls in STEM. D. Girls can meet coo
36、l boys there. 解析：A. 细节理解题。题干意为“为什么更多女孩开始学习编码？” ，根据题干可以把答案锁定在文章第四段中，根据 第四段关键句 This has a lot to do with the Coder Dojo girls classesgirls and young women take part in it with their friends.可以判定 Coder Dojo 女孩班级是女孩们和朋友们可以一起参加的编码班级， 故选 A。 3. What does the writer think of coding? A. It is better than pla
37、ying music. B. It limits childrens imagination. C. It stops people from learning fast. D. It helps children with their creativity. 解析：D. 推理判断题。本题询问的是作者对编码的看法，浏览全文，根据第一段关键句 Coding is all about creativity and thats why I love it.可以判定出作者喜欢编码的原因是因为它和创造力相关，故选 D。 4. What is probably the best title for thi
38、s passage? A. Start Coding as Early as Possible B. Come for Fun in Coder Dojo Class C. Kids Should Have Chances to Learn to Code D. STEM IS Calling for More Girls and Women 解析：C 主旨大意题。A 项意为“尽早开始编码”；B 项意为“来 Coder Dojo 的课上玩吧”；C 项意为“孩子们应该 有机会学习编码”；D项意为“STEM需要更多的女孩和女人”。首先根据文章第一段why dont we learn to code
39、(编码) computer programs too?可以判定作者呼吁我们学习编码；根据文章倒数第二段 when you are a child it is a great time to start coding 可知孩子是学习编码的最好时间，综合这两点我们得知文章主 要强调的是“孩子们应该有机会学习编码”，故选 C。 精讲笔记 （学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法） 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累 10 个） 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句） 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握 2 种） 细节理解 题 1、2 推理判断 题 3 词义猜测 题 主旨大意 题
40、 4 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 能能力提升力提升 in common v. 记得 experience v. v. 分享 environment n. v. 注意 v. 出席 wonderful adj. adult n. check out 二、句子英汉互译 1. 他说的话感动了我。 _. 2. 我的问题是不知道选哪个电脑好。 _. 3. What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to l
41、ife _. 4. Its so much fun to share ones creations, and to see what everyone else has made too. _. 5. It is very important to keep our environment clean and tidy. _. 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 科普环保类 说明文 329 7 分钟 _/4 We all know that zebras have stripes（条纹）. But why? Its hard to get a black-and-wh
42、ite answer. This is a question not just common people like us have asked, but scientists too. Several studies have been done to find out the reason behind the stripes and many theories （理 论）have been suggested. According to a recent study, the type of stripes changes depending on the temperature whe
43、re zebras live. The warmer the place is, the more stripes they may have. From this study, scientists believe that stripes may help to keep a zebra cool in warmer places. According to the cooler temperature theory, when air hits a zebra, the movements of air are stronger and faster over the black par
44、ts and slower over the white. This is because black color takes in more heat than white. So at the point where the black and white meet, there is cooling airflow. It can quickly cool a zebras skin! In fact, scientists have noticed that heavily striped zebras have 5.4T lower skin temperature than oth
45、er animals without stripes in the same area. Some scientists believe that stripes may be an adaptation（适应）by zebras to defend （防卫） themselves from the horseflies that follow zebras. The cooler temperature theory holds merit here too, since disease-carrying flies like horseflies like it hot. Flies al
46、so dont like landing on striped surfaces. There also have been many other theories that have been suggested for why zebras have stripes. Some explanations are very common. One of them is that stripes may help zebras hide in grass especially from lions. Lions are color blind and even if they are not
47、far away they may see stripes as grey and be confused by them. Whats more, zebras are a large group of animals living together. When a number of zebras stand or move together, stripes may confuse lions into thinking it is one large animal. 1. Stripes are helpful for zebras to_.（细节理解题） A. stay cool B. move together C. live in cold places D. fight against diseases 2. How do zebras stripes protect them from lions?（细节理解题） A. Lions may be frightened away by strips. B. Lions may see stripes as many animals. C. Stripes can prevent zebras from being seen. D. Stripes may make lions confused. 3.
