1、谓语与非谓语谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 原则一原则一：在一个句子，一般一个主语应配套一个谓语，（并列谓语除外），如一个主语后跟了两个动词，就应该有一个是谓语动词，一个应该是非谓语动词。如：我去书店买一些书。(1)I went to the bookshop to buy some books (2)He enjoys playing basketball（3）I sing and play my favourite songs 谓语谓语 非谓语非谓语 谓语谓语 非谓语非谓语 并列谓语并列谓语 原则二原则二：谓语动词体现的时态，与时间状语有关；非谓语与时态无关（1）He
2、 enjoys reading books every day（2）He enjoyed reading books last year 谓语谓语（现在时）（现在时）非谓非谓现在时标志现在时标志时间状语时间状语 谓语谓语（过去时）（过去时）非谓非谓过去时标志过去时标志时间状语时间状语Tips：谓语动词会受时间状语的影响，体现各种时谓语动词会受时间状语的影响，体现各种时态。态。非谓语动词不受时间状语的影响，与时态无非谓语动词不受时间状语的影响，与时态无关，与主语的单复数无关。关，与主语的单复数无关。原则三原则三：谓语与非谓语的形式不同，谓语主要体现十六种基本谓语与非谓语的形式不同，谓语主要体现十
3、六种基本时态（含被动），而非谓只有三种固定形式（被动和完成）时态（含被动），而非谓只有三种固定形式（被动和完成）to do,doing,done 如如 He finished reading the novels He has something to be sent They were rebuilding the damaged house Kate had found the missing boy Having realized the secret,he was angry 谓语谓语过去时过去时 非谓语非谓语 doing 谓语谓语现在时现在时 非谓语非谓语 to do的被动的被动 谓
4、语谓语 过去进行时过去进行时 非谓语非谓语 done 谓语谓语 过去完成时过去完成时 非谓语非谓语 doing 非谓语非谓语 doing完成式谓语谓语 过去时过去时 小结：谓语动词的形式有 did,does,be doing，have/has done，had done，etc非谓语动词的形式有to do,doing,done,to be done,being done,having done,注意：(1)doing 算做是非谓语 而be+doing 算做是非谓语例如：go went-gone 可以轻易区分。go 和went 算谓语，而gone属于过去分词是非谓。(2)但是如find-foun
5、d-found，play-played-played类似这样的词其过去时和过去分词一样，如果你在选项中看到 played要从两个方面考虑，A 谓语动词过去时，B 非谓语动词过去分词。原则四：原则四：谓语动词与非谓语动词的顺序并不是一定有先后的（1）The damaged house was in ruins（2）He played the songs written by JouJou非谓非谓-过去分词过去分词 谓语谓语-过去时过去时谓语谓语-过去时过去时非谓非谓-过去分词过去分词 连词连词的关键作用的关键作用区别两个句子的不同：1.She got off the bus,leaving he
6、r handbag on her seat.2.She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.由此可见，连词连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。1.I hope_(hear)from you soon.2.She sat at the window,_(read)a magazine.3.I _(do)all the cooking for my family,but recently Ive been too busy to do it.4.This is the girl who_(live)next
7、 door.5.My decision is that all of us _(start)at 6 oclock tomorrow.to hearreading简单句：简单句：简单句中已经出现了谓语动词简单句中已经出现了谓语动词,填入非谓语。填入非谓语。并列句：并列句：有并列连词有并列连词but连接两个简单句连接两个简单句,填入谓语。填入谓语。复合句：复合句：从句中缺谓语，填入谓语。从句中缺谓语，填入谓语。do lives will/are going to start 1.The man took out the key,_(open)the door and entered the ro
8、om.2.The man sat there,_(read)a book.3._(work)hard,and you will succeed.4.The question _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday is of great importance.5._(improve)his spoken English,Mr.Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.openedreadingWork discussedTo improve 1.Tom returned from the managers of
9、fice,telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2.The news meeting,to be held in that hall,has already been crowded with reporters.3.Having reached the very peak of the Everest,the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind.4.He keeps buying expensive maps.He must have more than 200 by no
10、w.5.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.6.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.7.As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother.8.To live is to struggle.(生活就是斗争。生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）练习题1.The clever bird can recognize over 5
11、0 different objects _(use)English words.a.已有谓语recognize,b.没有连词 非谓语 c.the bird 与using为 主谓关系 using2.Dr Irene Pepper,a psychologist(心理学家)，who has been working with Alex,_(create)a computer programme.a.a psychologist 是同位语 b.who has been working with Alex是定语从句 c.主句中还没有谓语动词非谓语 时态语态 using created练习题3.The s
12、eason is very long and major teams need a break for players _(recover)from injuries.a.有and,但是and连接两个简单句 the season is 和major teams need b.第二个简单句中need为谓语动词 非谓语 c.做目的用to do4.The room was built _(use)large amounts of valuable stone called amber,which was then covered in gold and jewels.a.was built 是谓语
13、b.没有连词 非谓语 c.其他几个动词：called amber 为过去分词作定语；was covered 为定语从句中的谓语 to recover using5.First of all,although chocolate is high in sugar,eating it does not always lead to _(have)bad teeth.6.I enjoy _(spend)time with my family.7.We always have fun _(take)pictures.having spending taking8.Through short docum
14、entary films,TV viewers learn how the money _(collect)in previous years has helped Comic Relief to make a real difference to people in need,both in Britain and in Africa.析：1.TV viewers learn 后面为how引导的宾语从句2.宾语从句主干为：the money has helped 非谓语 3.Collect 和money 为动宾关系 用过去分词collected,collected in previous y
15、ears 作定语修饰money collected 9.That person was a 43-year-old man who suffered a lot of pain from two _(break)legs.10.Hundreds of people gathered around _(watch)the rescue efforts11.We hiked together for an hour until the group decided _(stop)for lunch.12.A man _(stand)on the mountaintop introduced hims
16、elf as Mr Kim.brokenwatching to stopstanding1.一个要将中国归于中央集权下的专制一统，一个要恢复天下到六国时代诸侯联盟的松散政制。这看上去好像只是一个是否认同统一的历史趋势的问题，现代人常常站在统一的立场上去批判项羽，仿佛只有用铁骑扫平了六国的秦王才算是一个民族英雄，其实问题并不这么简单。2.从历史的长时段看，统一的趋势是无法阻遏的。从根本上说，它是中华民族发展到一定阶段，文明内部各部分长期交往整合的必然结果。问题只在以何种方式统一3.可以设想，即使没有秦的武力，天下也终将归于一体，这也为汉以后的历史实际所一次次证明。无可否认的是，秦王的铁骑确实使这
17、一过程大大简化了。看上去，历史似乎少走了许多弯路，细想来却又未必。4.先不说铁骑下呻吟的民众，是否也有追求自己那一点卑微的生活自由的权力，就是从文明的发展来说，统一的后果也有许多地方值得怀疑。5.中央集权确实加强了国家的权力，使秦汉帝国成为当时世界上少有匹敌的强大力量。但是，作为代价，从原始社会时代开始积累起来的那一种有限民主（哪怕是统治阶级内部民主），也彻底丧失了。6.春秋战国时期纵横捭阖的士，逐渐变成了可以“倡优畜之”的文人。当秦军焚烧着六国的宫殿，将天下一切珍奇全都劫掠汇聚向咸阳时，中华文明也就从多元变成了一元，从多中心变成了一个或最多两三个中心（所谓“两都”或“三都”）。7.燕京之所以成为当年第一流的综合性大学，更有赖司徒确立的办学方向，一开始就使燕京弥漫着浓厚的学术自由、思想自由的空气。8.今天，我们将一些传统节日提高到法定节假日的高度，也应该在传统节日中注入时代的精神风貌、时代的人文习俗，而不是单纯地重复过去的节俗。
