1、Grammar过去分词的用法过去分词的用法I.I.基本形式和意义基本形式和意义动词的动词的-ed-ed形式，是动词的一种非限定形式，是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的形式。动词的-ed-ed形式兼有动词、副词形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的语修饰。动词的-ed-ed形式和宾语或状语形式和宾语或状语一起构成一起构成-ed-ed分词短语。动词分词短语。动词-ed-ed形式形式的基本形式是的基本形式是“动词动词+-ed”,+-ed”,但也有不但也有不规则的形式。规则的形式。The past participle1.the past part
2、iciple used as attribute单个过去分词作定语放在被修饰词之前；单个过去分词作定语放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。The stolen car was found last week.I brought some painted chairs.He answered all the questions raised by the audience.Everybody attended the meeting held last week.II.II.动词动词-ed-ed形式在句法功能形式在句法功能1 1）语态不同）语
3、态不同-ing表主动、进行；表主动、进行；-ed表被动、完成表被动、完成an inspiring speech 鼓舞人心的演说鼓舞人心的演说the inspired audience 受鼓舞的听众受鼓舞的听众the falling leaves 落叶（正往下落的落叶（正往下落的)the fallen leaves落叶（已落到地面的落叶（已落到地面的)-ed 作定语与作定语与-ing 作定语的区别：作定语的区别：the changing worldthe changed worldboiling waterboiled water（a developing countrya developed
4、country2）时间关系不同）时间关系不同-ing 表表“正在正在 进行进行”或或“与谓语动词同时与谓语动词同时进进行行”或或“经常性经常性”。-ed 表动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。表动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?“Cant you read?”Mary said,angrily pointing to the notice.The woman selling vegetables has gone.He is reading the letter written by his brother.3 3）及
5、物动词的过去分词与现在分词的）及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可表示被动被动式都可表示被动,但但-ed-ed表示一个表示一个完成了的动作完成了的动作,而而being donebeing done多表示一多表示一个正在进行的动作个正在进行的动作.The problem discussed yesterday has sth.to do with us.The problem being discussed now has sth.to do with us.The building being built is our library.4）过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式都）过去分词与现在分
6、词的完成被动式都可表示完成和被动可表示完成和被动,但但-ed 的时间性不变的时间性不变,而而 having been done 更强调分词动作明显更强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作先于谓语动作.He is a teacher respected by all.Having been told to stay in Beijing,theboy decided not to return to his village.1)动词动词-ed形式形式表语时，其作用相当于表语时，其作用相当于adj.说明的是主语的状态。说明的是主语的状态。All the windows are broken.All hope
7、 is gone.This article is well written.He appeared satisfied with my work.2.the past participle used as predicative(1)(1)完全形容词化了的动词完全形容词化了的动词-ed-ed形式形式:可以被可以被veryvery等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有常见的有：常见的有常见的有：bored，excited，frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worri
8、ed等。等。(2)(2)有的动词有的动词-ed-ed形式可以被副词形式可以被副词wellwell修饰，如：修饰，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,known,organized,prepared,written等。等。(3)(3)其它副词也可以修饰动词其它副词也可以修饰动词-ed-ed形式，如：形式，如：deeply moved,highly developed,heavily populated等。等。2)动词动词-ed形式形式作表语时，其后可以接介作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及词短语、不定式短语及that that 引导的宾语引导的宾语从句从句He is
9、very much disappointed at the result.The mother was pleased to hear from her son.Im satisfied that you didnt tell me a lie.3)“be+动词动词-ed形式形式”有可能是一个系有可能是一个系表结构，也有可能是一个被动结构。表结构，也有可能是一个被动结构。Why is the glass broken?By whom is the glass broken?(系表结构）系表结构）(被动结构被动结构)It is covered with thick ice and deep sn
10、ow.Your table should be covered by a white cloth.(系表结构）系表结构）(被动结构被动结构)4)动词的动词的-ed形式与形式与-ing 形式作表语的区别形式作表语的区别Traveling is interesting but tiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。They were very excited at the news听到这个消息，他们感到非常激动。听到这个消息，他们感到非常激动。凡表示凡表示“令人令人的的”都是都是-ing 形式，凡是形式，凡是表示表示“感到感到”都用都用-ed形式。形式。Transla
11、tion work:另人恐怖的场景另人恐怖的场景受了惊吓的马受了惊吓的马另人失望的孩子另人失望的孩子感到失望的孩子感到失望的孩子a frightening sighta frightened horsea disappointing childa disappointed childCompete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.1.I had nothing to do.I was _(bore)and lonely.2.Jack looked even more _(amaze)than he felt.3.The
12、results were very _(disappoint).4.I was thanked by the _(satisfy)customer.Choose the best answer.The past participle used as adverbialOnce published,his work became famousfor the absence of rhyme at the end ofeach line.Seen from the top,it looks as if thestadium is covered by a gray net of steels.Dr
13、essed in white,she looks really pretty.United,we stand;divided,we fall.Presentation过去分词作状语过去分词作状语,表示被动的动作或动作表示被动的动作或动作已经完成已经完成.通常作如下几种状语通常作如下几种状语:When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill1.时间状语时间状语,可在过去分词前加上连词可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等等.Dont speak until you are
14、 spoken to.Until spoken to2.Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words,he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly touched by the teachers wordsAs he was surprised at what happened,Tom didnt know what to do.Surprised at what happened3.If we were given more time,we could do i
15、t much better.Given more timeIf it is heated to a high temperature,water will change into vapor.Heated to a high temperature4.Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.Though warned of the stormEven if Im invited,I wont take part in the party.Even if invit
16、ed5.The teacher entered the classroom,and he was followed by a group of students.Followed by a group of studentsThe teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.The teacher stood there,surrounded by the students.Complete each sentences using the right form of the verb.Build,frighten,trap,f
17、ollow,shoot,see,examine1._ by noises in the night,the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.2.The lady returned home,_ by two policemen.Frightenedfollowed PracticeBuild,frighten,trap,follow,shoot,see,examine3.After having been _ carefully,the room was locked again.4._ in 1949,the exhibition hall
18、 is over 50 years old.examinedBuilt 5._ from a distance,the OperaHouse looks like ship sails.6.If _ in a burning building,you should send for help.7.Although _ in the leg,he continued firing at the police.Seentrapped shotBuild,frighten,trap,follow,shoot,see,examineE.g.United we stand,divided we fail
19、.If we are united,we will stand,but if we are divided,we will fail.1.Asked what had happened,he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened,Because he was well known for his expert advice,2.Well known for his expert advice,he received many invitations to give lectures.Rewrite with proper co
20、njunctions3.Given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.If we were given more time,Once it was translated into Chinese,4.Once translated into Chinese,the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.5.Deeply interested in medicine,she decided to become a doctor.Because she was de
21、eply interested in medicine,Although he was left alone at home,6.Left alone at home,Sam did not feel afraid at all.过去分词常用于感官动词、使役动词和过去分词常用于感官动词、使役动词和表示思维活动、意愿及爱惜的动词之后表示思维活动、意愿及爱惜的动词之后作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语的过去分作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语的过去分词一般来源于及物动词，表示被动意义词一般来源于及物动词，表示被动意义或被动完成意义，过去分词与前面的宾或被动完成意义，过去分词与前面的宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即：宾
22、语是语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即：宾语是分词动作的对象。分词动作的对象。过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语常带有过去分词作宾语补足语的动词常带有过去分词作宾语补足语的动词可分为三类：可分为三类：1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词表示感觉和心理状态的动词;see,hear,find,think等等。We found everything around completely changed.我们发现周围的一切都变了。我们发现周围的一切都变了。I left myself lifted up.我感觉自己好像被举起来了。我感觉自己好像被举起来了。Everyone thought the battle lo
23、st.大家都认为战斗失败了。大家都认为战斗失败了。2.表示表示“致使致使”意义的动词意义的动词：make,get,have,keep等等。Lets have the more difficult questions answered first.Mary got her had tooth pulled out at the dentists.Please keep us informed of the latest news.When you talk,you have to at least make yourself understood.3.表示希望、要求等意义的词表示希望、要求等意义
24、的词:like，want,wish,order等等。I want none of you involved in the matter.He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.The readers wished the serial story continued.1.Did you find the city2.When will he ever get the work3.She cannot make herself4.Next week I will have my bedroom5.I got the watch6.
25、You have got to keep the door7.She heard her name done?greatly changed?called.understood.locked.repaired.decorated.1.Match the two parts to make sentences.2.Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets.You may change the form it necessary.1.I dont want any bad words _(say)about him behind his b
26、ack.2.Please get the work _(do)as soon as possible.3.Ill have the materials _(send)to you next Monday morning.4.She wont have her long and beautiful hair _(cut)short.said done sent cut 1.You should make you voice _(hear).2.I want you to keep me _(inform)of how things are going with you.3.The price i
27、s fine with me.How would you like it _(pay)?4.At last I succeeded in making myself _(understand).heard informed paid understoodlpaint the walls yellowllay a wooden floorlmake an extra doorlput up two picture on the walllplace a tea table in the cornerTry to make as many sentences as you can by using
28、 Past Participle as Object Complement.Get the room _ in summer before the start of the rainy season.It is better to have the decoration _by an experienced designer.Make sure your plan is _by the workers before they begin.When the work is done,have your new living environment_ to make sure it is safe to live in.decoratedcheckedunderstoodplanedDecorating tip
