1、2006年11月3日至5日,中非合作论坛北京峰会暨第三届部长级会议,四十八四十八个非洲国家的国家元首、政府首脑或代表与会。近几年来,每年平均大约有100多个国家和地区,40多万艘船舶出入对外开放的港口。曹妃曹妃甸每年平均大约有20余万架次航班出入国际机场。清华同方车载集装箱检测系统鼠类鼠类螨螨20002006 年环渤海湾入境国际航行船年环渤海湾入境国际航行船舶携带输入性医学媒介生物名录舶携带输入性医学媒介生物名录n自20002006 年,在7 年的时间内发现并捕获输入性鼠类动物、蚊类、蝇类、蠓类、蚋类和蜚蠊等6 类104 种、数十万只医学媒介生物。其中大部分为重要传病媒介种。n并发现海神蠛蠓、
2、水母贝蠓、外来须蠓、斑腹阿蠓和苏门答腊绳蚋等5 个新种;狂怒库蠓、码克库蠓、细齿蠛蠓、丰硕细蠓、阿拉蚋、周氏蚋和S.batoense蚋等7 个记录,为在中国首次发现(聂维忠聂维忠等,等,2007)。)。n马里医疗的两年中,见到18 例埃及血吸虫病患者(汪定海.2004)n毛里塔尼亚诊断埃及血吸虫引起直肠炎肿块1例(范树奇等,1986)n毛里塔尼亚宝盖、凯地地区中小学生埃及血吸虫阳性率35.88%(舒晶等,2007)。n2008年12月26日,由南海舰队导弹驱逐舰“武汉”舰、“海口”舰、综合补给舰“微山湖”舰及数十名特战队员组成,编队共800余人,从海南三亚军港起航。表表1.人体感染性疾病病原体
3、人体感染性疾病病原体Details of 434 species plus three distinctive subspecies are given in the checklist.These 437 forms are divided among major taxonomic groups as shown in Tables 2 and 3.表表2 感染人体的各门(纲)寄生虫数感染人体的各门(纲)寄生虫数表表4 4 近近30 30 年来新现寄生虫感染及虫媒病年来新现寄生虫感染及虫媒病注注:*地区性流行的新现寄生虫感染地区性流行的新现寄生虫感染 表表5 5 再现寄生虫病和虫媒病再现寄
4、生虫病和虫媒病注注:*我国近年报道的再现疾病。我国近年报道的再现疾病。溶组织内阿米巴滋养体溶组织内阿米巴滋养体蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫人肠滴虫滋养体、包囊人肠滴虫滋养体、包囊 肠旋滴虫肠旋滴虫迈氏唇鞭毛虫滋养体、包囊迈氏唇鞭毛虫滋养体、包囊细胞核内(Intranuclear)三步骤(a-c)。细胞核内(Intranuclear)三步骤。细胞核内半个纺锤体(halfspindles)和细胞核外中心粒(extranuclear centrioles)。纺锤体在穿过细胞核的通道中。密闭有丝分裂(Cryptopleuromitosis)。纺锤体(SF)延展在核表面两个纺锤器(attractopho
5、res,A)和两个着丝粒(kinetochores,K)之间。核持续密闭,存在核外纺锤体(extra-nuclear spindle)。原虫不同形式的核分裂图原虫不同形式的核分裂图(根据 de Puytorac et al.1987).蠊缨滴虫蠊缨滴虫阴道毛滴虫阴道毛滴虫脆弱双核阿米巴脆弱双核阿米巴 人五鞭毛虫人五鞭毛虫Fig.1.Schematic diagram of Trichomonas vaginalis.AF,anterior flagella;Ax,axostyle;C,costa;G,Golgi complex;H,hydrogenosome;N,nucleus;P,pelta
6、;Pf,parabasal filament;RF,recurrent flagellum;UM,undulating membrane;V,vacuole.Fig.1.General view of T.foetus in a longitudinal routine thin section.This cell is in interphase(G1 phase).Note the axostyle(A),three anterior flagella(F),a well-developed Golgi(G)with several budding vesicles,the hydroge
7、nosomes(H),the nucleus(N)and the pelta(P).Bar:1 mm.Fig.2.General view of T.foetus in a longitudinal routine thin section.This cell is at the onset of mitosis:two axostyles(A),two recurrent flagella(RF),two costa(C)and two axostyle tips(arrowheads at posterior region)are seen.Note the presence of two
8、 small Golgi(G)at the anterior region of the cell.The anterior flagella(F),several hydrogenosomes(H),lysosomes(L)and the nucleus(N)are also seen.Bar:1 mm.Fig.3.View of freeze-fracture image of T.foetus showing the Golgi complex(G).The fracture plane crossed the cytoplasm exposing a prominent Golgi(G
9、)with several lamellae.Hydrogenosomes(H)and profiles of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)are also seen(Figure 3).Bars:1 mm Fig.4.Shows a close view of the Golgi lamellae with fenestrae(arrowheads).Bars:0.5 mm.粪毛滴虫粪毛滴虫13.general view microfibrillar border(Mfr)and central area with the nucleus(N),cresta s
10、ections(Cr),recurrent flagellum(R),axostyle(Ax),anterior flagella(F);14.microfibrillar network(Mfr)in the border,and central area with the axostyle trunk(Ax),Golgi bodies(G),hydrogenosomes(H),bacteria(B)and vesicles;15.high magnification of a section of figure 14 to show a Golgi body(G),hydrogenosom
11、es(H)and bacteria(B);16.peripheral microfibrillar network(Mfr)with a condensed zone of microfibrils.Bars 1 m.Gigantomonas herculea阿米巴期透射电镜显微照片阿米巴期透射电镜显微照片18-21 basal bodies 1,2,3 of the anterior flagella,basal body 2 bearing the sigmoid fibres(S)that line the axostylar capitulum(Axc),basal bodies 1
12、and 3 bearing a hook-shaped lamina(arrows)20,the two parabasal fibres Pf1 and Pf2 attached to basal bodies and supporting a Golgi body(G)21,atractophore(纺锤器)(A)attached to basal bodies with arising microtubules(Mt)19,thin striated fibre(sF)18 close to the nucleus(N);22-section showing the three ante
13、riorly-directed flagella 1,2,3 and the conspicuous recurrent flagellum(R)arising from the cell body and surrounded by the axostylar capitulum(Axc).Scale bars 1 m.Gigantomonas herculea阿米巴期透射电镜显微照片福氏耐格里阿米巴感染者脑切片中可见滋养体福氏耐格里阿米巴感染者脑切片中可见滋养体 鞭毛型滋养体鞭毛型滋养体阿米巴型滋养体阿米巴型滋养体包囊包囊N.fowleri,Carters strain.Trophic a
14、moeba from culture.Nucleus(N)is rounded and contains central nucleolus.Food vacuoles(V)are numerous in cytoplasm.Mitochondria(M)are found scattered through the endoplasm,as is rough and smooth ER.A clear,nonorganelle-containing,ectoplasmic pseudopod(P)denotes anterior end of cell.(x12,000).(F.L.SCHU
15、STER AND EMANUEL RECHTHAND,1975)N.fowleri,Carters strain,Complex arrangement of mitochondria and sheets of rough ER.(F.L.SCHUSTER AND EMANUEL RECHTHAND,1975)利什曼原虫前鞭毛体利什曼原虫前鞭毛体利什曼原虫无鞭毛体利什曼原虫无鞭毛体克氏锥虫锥鞭毛体克氏锥虫锥鞭毛体 布氏冈比亚锥虫锥鞭毛体布氏冈比亚锥虫锥鞭毛体墨西哥利什曼原虫(Leishmania mexicana)F=flagellum,FP=flagellar pocket,K=kinet
16、oplast,M=mitochondria,N=nucleus with small nucleous,G=golgi apparatus,L=lysosomes,V=vacuoles,Eg=electron-dense granules inside the vacuole.Bar=500nm(Bhtto AM,et al.,1992)This electron micrograph shows a mitocondrial membranous whorl(盘旋)in a Leishmania mexicana promastigote.Scale bar-4,2 m(A.Sebastia
17、n et al.2001)间日疟原虫滋养体间日疟原虫滋养体隐孢子虫卵囊隐孢子虫卵囊 小鼠腹腔液弓形虫速殖子小鼠腹腔液弓形虫速殖子 环孢子虫卵囊环孢子虫卵囊结肠小袋纤毛虫结肠小袋纤毛虫豆夜铰虫豆夜铰虫 钩刺斜管纤毛虫钩刺斜管纤毛虫 腹面观、背面观腹面观、背面观结肠小袋纤毛虫滋养体、包囊结肠小袋纤毛虫滋养体、包囊 人芽囊原虫模式图人芽囊原虫模式图、涂片染色涂片染色微孢子虫孢子横断面模式图(印自:微孢子虫孢子横断面模式图(印自:)微孢子虫孢子的孢子壁微孢子虫孢子的孢子壁和极丝(透射电镜)和极丝(透射电镜)微孢子虫孢子微孢子虫孢子(扫描电镜)(扫描电镜)各属微孢子虫形态示意图(仿各属微孢子虫形态示意图
18、(仿Weber R等,等,2003)vt 泡管结构,泡管结构,er 内质网内质网尾孢子虫属(尾孢子虫属(Henneguya)孢子(采自)孢子(采自Lom,2005),示),示极囊中具有可射出的螺旋形极丝(电镜切片极囊中具有可射出的螺旋形极丝(电镜切片 9 400)鲑鱼尾孢子虫孢子与鱼鲑鱼尾孢子虫孢子与鱼类和人正常精子形态比类和人正常精子形态比较较(采自采自McClelland等,等,1997)1人体粪便中孢子;人体粪便中孢子;2红大马哈鱼中的孢红大马哈鱼中的孢子子(光镜,背面观光镜,背面观);3红大马哈鱼中的孢红大马哈鱼中的孢子(侧面观);子(侧面观);4人便标本中的孢子人便标本中的孢子(扫描
19、电镜);(扫描电镜);5正常人精子正常人精子表3 我国巴贝西虫病病例报告情况寄生虫名虫体大小病例/寄生虫鉴定年份分布例数临床表现文献巴贝西虫Babesia spp.2.0m19828云南2定期发热、久治不愈、黄疽、贫血、皮肤浮肿、反复发病李金福等,1984巴贝西虫Babesia spp.2.5m19939内蒙古139岁,男性,寒战、发热、全身肌肉酸痛、髋关节疼痛、体重减轻、夜间盗汗3个月石珍宝等,1996巴贝西虫TW11.5-2.5m19943台湾151岁,女,常有低热,发冷、头痛、不适、疲乏、上腹钝痛Shih等,1997巴贝西虫Babesia spp.2000浙江136岁,男,慢性肾炎、肾功能衰竭苏关关等,2002