1、 A student is a learner,or someone who attends an educational institution.In some nations,the English term is reserved for those who attend university,while a schoolchild under the age of eighteen is called a pupil in English.In its widest use,student is used for anyone who is learning.First year(Fr
2、eshman year)Second year Post-second year Graduate Students Freshman is a first-year student in college,university or high school.Freshman year:the first year of college or high school.Sophomore is a second-year student.Outside the USA the term Sophomore is rarely used,with second-year students simpl
3、y called second years.Junior is a student in the third year.Senior is a student in the last(usually fourth)year of college,university,or high school.Super senior is a student who takes more than the normal number of years to graduate.Underclassman is used to refer collectively to Freshmen and Sophom
4、ores.Upperclassman to refer collectively to Juniors and Seniors,sometimes even Sophomores.Middler is used to describe a third-year student of a school(generally college)that offers five years of study.In this situation,the fourth and fifth years would be referred to as Junior and Senior years,respec
5、tively,and the first two years would be the Freshman and Sophomore years.A Graduate student is a student who continues their education after graduation.A Masters degree usually consists of an additional two years of studying after earning a Bachelors degree.A Doctorate degree is usually earned after
6、 four additional years of study after you earn your Bachelors degree.A Doctorate degree is available in any field of study.If a Masters degree has been acquired,the Doctorate program could be completed in less than four years.President Obama Weekly Address:Strengthening the American Education System
7、DISCUSSION1.1.Whats your expectation before entering the university?What do you expect to see?What do you expect to learn?2.How is your college life different from your high school days?High School DaysStay in school all dayDo study under the teachers instructionA passive role to be taught(i.e.liste
8、ning and taking notes)Knowledge from text booksCompulsory courses College LifeNo longer forced to stay in school all dayApart from the class time,you organize your own time and place for studyingAn active role to study(classroom discussion,lecture and research)Knowledge from text books and librarya.
9、Compulsory and elective coursesWord pretest In high school,we won several Best Student Awards for his outstanding academic achievements.She is known for her accomplishment in improving the countrys medical system.The customer asks the salesman to demonstrate how to use the machine.The company is run
10、 by capable and dedicated people.New York is a culturally diverse city.In New York in the 1990s,there was a fad for wearing skin-tight pants called“leggings.”This research gives some validity to the theory that the drug might cause cancer.Sister Mary is a person of great humility.On Being a Student
11、by Donald E.SimanekA student means more than merely being a pupil.Times change.The definition of student once was one who studies something.Today it can mean merely one who attends a school,college or university.This modern definition doesnt even suggest that the person does more than attend.College
12、 and university professors still use the first definition,and schools have ways(such as requirements,exams and grades)to attempt to ensure that those who attend will also study and learn something.So what distinguishes a student?What makes the student stand out from the rest of the class?The four As
13、:attitude,academic skills,awareness,and accomplishment,certainly are a large part of it,and a student who has them will be very likely to earn As:Attitude is primarily a genuine desire to learn,and the willingness to do hard intellectual work to achieve understanding.It is also shown by how well you
14、 apply yourself even to subjects in which you have little interest,and how much you can achieve even when a professors style isnt to your liking.Academic skills include ability to read with comprehension,intelligent use of resources(including library resources),logical and mathematical skills,effici
15、ent study habits,and the ability to communicate clearly and fluently in speaking and writing.Awareness of whats going on in the world around you,and the habit of intelligently relating it to your academic courses.For example,when taking a course in political science,you should relate what you are le
16、arning in class to whats happening on the national and world political scene.When taking a science course,you should relate scientific principles to phenomena you observe in everyday life,and go out of your way to find applications and examples of science in the real world.Accomplishment is demonstr
17、ated by successful application of understanding.The evidence of that is:1.correct and confident application of what youve learned to new problems and challenges,2.clear and effective communication of your understanding through speaking and writing,and3.possession of a base of information,skills and
18、understanding sufficient to allow you to continue your education outside of the classroom,throughout your life.All of these add up to a fifth A:ability,a word frequently used above.The goal of education is to achieve the ability to apply ones knowledge in new,creative,and correct ways.Abilities are
19、not entirely innate;some are achievable through dedicated and focused effort.Other symptoms and qualities of a good student include:1.Self-discipline.The successful student has learned to budget time,and uses it efficiently,and will do the things that need to be done,when they must be done,whether o
20、r not one feels like it at the time.2.Initiative.In short:doing things without being told.The student doesnt wait for assignments to read ahead in the textbook,or to seek out and study related books to gain understanding.The good student does more problems or exercises than assigned,and does them ev
21、en when none are assigned.The good student working in the laboratory does not merely follow instructions(though that is an important skill)but looks for opportunities to discover new things,try new things,or find better methods.When an opportunity arises to do a project outside of class,the good stu
22、dent jumps at the chance and doesnt even ask whether it will earn extra credit.3.Breadth of interests.College provides a great opportunity to broaden your interests and explore new things.You may never again have available to you such a convenient and comprehensive library,such diverse and inexpensi
23、ve cultural events and academic activities.Much education can occur outside of class,if you seek it.But if you confine yourself to the things youve always done,avoiding anything new and unfamiliar,you will have squandered a valuable opportunity.4.An open mind is a mind.Having an open mind does not m
24、ean that one jumps on the bandwagon of every new fad.A better characterization of an open mind is one which is willing to dispassionately and rationally analyze new ideas,weighing them objectively against established knowledge and the facts at hand.5.A critical habit of mind.Education includes the a
25、bility to acquire new information,to critically evaluate that information,and to correctly and effectively use it.One of the values of a good education is the ability to see through false and unfounded claims and outright deceptions.6.Objectivity.Most of us begin our education with an egocentric vie
26、w,expecting everything to have some relevance to our needs.Education can broaden that view.We find out that mere unsupported personal opinions have no value in an academic discussion.We learn to recognize the validity of facts and ideas that we may not like.7.Humility.However much one knows,one must
27、 realize theres a lot more to be learned,and that some of what one knows may turn out to be wrong.Knowing lots of things is good,but knowing the limitations of ones knowledge is essential to using it properly.READING COMPREHENSION1.University professors give exams to make sure that the students atte
28、nd school.2.Good students should be able to do well on subjects in which they are not interested.3.Communicative ability is not so important as other academic skills.4.Students should form the habit of relating what they are learning to what is happening around the world.5.Good students make sure th
29、at they master what is taught in class and do not waste their time in activities outside class.6.University students must keep up with every new trend.7.Unsupported personal opinions have no value in an academic discussion.8.Knowing the limitations of ones knowledge has nothing to do with using it p
30、roperly.Vocabulary Building1.Word Matchrationally sudden fear establishedstrengthen various accepted;recognized panic in a way based on reason rather than emotions consolidatedifferentassignmentstressful;requiring effort and energy biological overall flexible of living things strenuoushomework maste
31、r not fixedrecreation rest estimate first concern routine calculate roughly priority regular;usual relaxation way of spending free timeVocabulary Building2.Suffix -ize后缀-ize(-ise)可以加在名词或形容词的后面构成动词，表示“照样子做”、“按方式处理”、“使成为”、“变成状态”、“化”的意思。dramatic(戏剧的)dramatize(改编成剧本)，modern(现代的)modernize(现代化)，organ(组织)o
32、rganize(组织起来)，civil(文明的)civilize(使文明，变为文明)，system(系统)systemize(系统化)，normal(正常的)normalize(使正常化)，equal(平等的)equalize(使平等，使相等)sympathy(同情心)sympathize(同情，表同情)Vocabulary Building-ly I.名词名词+ly构成的形容词构成的形容词 这一类形容词的词义一般可以从相应的名词的词义中推出来，意思是“具有性质或特点的。1.Her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile.2.Cathy wear
33、s a pair of glasses,which gives her a scholarly look.3.The local people are always friendly to visitors.4.The nightly bulletin on television adopted a map of the country to record the number of jobs lost in a week.manly（男子气概的）fatherly（父亲般的）brotherly（兄弟般的）cowardly（懦夫般的）beastly（野兽般的）ghostly（鬼一样的）order
34、ly（整洁的）另外，少数名词+ly构成的形容词在词义上与相应的名词稍有不同.1）sight情景，奇观，a sad sight悲惨的景象；sightly悦目的，漂亮的，sightly calligraphy悦目的书法，sightly building漂亮的建筑物 2）shape形状，外形；shapely样子好看的，匀称的 II.形容词形容词+ly构成的形容词构成的形容词 这类形容词与相应的不带-ly的形容词词义相近，但略有差异，使用时应格外注意。5.She is taking care of her sick child.6.He is a sickly child.7.His hands ar
35、e clean.8.She is a cleanly girl,who always keeps her room clean.有-ly与没有-ly的形容词词义相去甚远，几乎毫不相干。9.Tom lives in a low cottage.10.The farmer lives in a lowly cottage.11.Thats a good book.12.The old lady has a goodly sum of money.III.一部分以一部分以-ly结尾的形容词，既可以作形结尾的形容词，既可以作形容词用，又可以作副词用容词用，又可以作副词用。13.You have a k
36、indly heart that understands without explanation.14.Because the old woman spoke so kindly,the girl took heart.15.The inhabitants soon came to regard the white settlers as their deadly enemy.16.After traveling two days by boat,I was deadly tired and sleepy.这类形容词还有：ghastly a.&ad.可怕的（地），rascally a.&ad.
37、无赖的（地），slovenly a.&ad.邋遢的（地），等。注意：有些以-ly结尾的形容词不能用作副词。用英文写作时要特别注意，切不可想当然。如：homely（家常的，质朴的）；earthly（地球的，人间的）；shapely（样子好看的）；comely（标致的，秀丽的）；costly（昂贵的）等。17.She is homely and motherly.18.No earthly sovereign can do what he pleases.IV.动词动词+ly构成的形容词构成的形容词 此类形容词极少，如：seemly适宜的，合乎礼仪的 19.Young people should
38、address their elders in a seemly manner.SuffixSuffixDo more1.He studied his map,trying to _ the way to Roses Street.(memory)2.She _ broke the vase when she was watering the flowers.(accident)3.The rebels seem to be trying to _ on the publics discontent with the government.(capital)4.I was on average
39、 _,but was good at sports.(academic)memorize,accidentally,capitalize,academically Names of HolidaysNames of HolidaysChinese Holidays:New Years Day 元旦元旦 International Working Womens Day 国际劳动妇女节国际劳动妇女节 Tree-Planting Day 植树节植树节 International Labour Day/May Day 国际劳动节、五一国际劳动节、五一节节 Chinese Youth Day 中国青年节
40、中国青年节 International Childrens Day 国际儿童节国际儿童节 Partys Birthday 党的诞生日党的诞生日 Army Day 建军节建军节 Teachers Day 教师节教师节 National Day 国庆节国庆节 Spring Festival 春节春节 Lantern Festival 元宵节（灯节）元宵节（灯节）Pure Brightness Day/Graveyard-Sweeping Day/Tomb-Sweeping Day 清明节、扫墓节清明节、扫墓节 Dragon-Boat Festival 端午节端午节 Mid-Autumn(Moon)
41、Festival 中中秋节秋节 Double-Ninth Festival 重九（阳）重九（阳）节节TESTv1.Wearing a seat belt saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.v2.But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt o
42、f some kind.v3.However,you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle;or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle;or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.v4.Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,an
43、d you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.v5.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of agei
44、ng could he slowed down.v6.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University,he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.v7.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sect
45、ions of the brain,which relate to intellect(智能)and emotion,and determine the human character.v8.Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.v9.The findings show in general terms
46、that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.v10.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are,however,as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.v1.We know that you have a high opinion of the kind
47、 of learning taught in your colleges,and that the costs of living of our young men,while with you,would be very expensive to you.2.But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things,and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen no
48、t to be the same as yours.3.We are,however,not the less obliged by your kind offer,though we refuse to accept it;and,to show our grateful sense of it,if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons,we will take care of their education,teach them in all we know,and make men of them.4.
49、In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history,the earths postwar era,there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.5.Already today,less than forty years later,as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives.We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.v
