1、lesson 78 The last oneThink and Discuss 1.What do people care most?2.what threatens our health most?SmokingDrinkingImproper DietObesity Lack of sleepListen and answer 1.Why did I decide to stop smoking?2.How did I feel when smoking?3.How did I behave after quitting smoking?4.How did my wife react to
2、 that?5.What did I when seeing others smoking?6.Did I accept Brians cigar?7.Did I succeed in giving up smoking?Phrase calm my nerve not at all the usual symptoms a bad temper an enormous appetite keep on doing make no effort to a packet of sweets urge me to do more than return to normal once more po
3、int out give up lentitle lcalm lnerve lconcentration lsuffer lsymptom ltemper lappetite lproduce lurge lsatisfaction ldelighted v.以为名 v.使镇定 n.神经 n.集中，专心 v.受苦，受害 n.症状 n.脾气 n.胃口，食欲 v.拿出 v.力劝，怂恿 n.满意，满足 adj.欣喜的 entitle 1)v.给（书，剧本等）定名 to give book,a play etc.a title The novel is entitled Pride and Preju
4、dice.2)v.授权 to give the right to,authorize be entitled to do sth.有权做某事 This license entitles you to sell drug.Women employees are entitled to a maternity leave of three months.calm v.使镇定使镇定 v.使镇定；I gave the frightened child some candies to calm him.adj.平静的After a night of storm,the sea is now calm.词
5、组拓展：keep calm calm down calmness n.平静,冷静,镇静词义辨析：calm,peaceful,quiet,stillcalm(relaxed and quiet,not angry,nervous,or upset)主要用于气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，也可指人表示“安静的”、“镇静的”The sky is blue,and the sea is calm.Although she was frightened,she answered with a calm voice.peaceful(a peaceful time,place,or situation is q
6、uiet and calm without any worry or excitement)指“和平的”表示“没有骚扰和战争的”，如：a peaceful environment quiet(not making much noise,or making no noise at all指“没有吵闹声的”、“没有噪音的”,它强调“声音很低、很少”或“全然无声”,如:He had a quiet life.still(quiet and calm)指“没声音的”、“没动静的”the still hours before dawn nerve n.神经the feeling of being ner
7、vous because you are worried or a little frightened He was a bundle of nerves when making the speech.I drank a large glass of beer to calm my nerves.词组拓展：get on sb.s nerves使人心烦不安；使人心神不定 strain(拉紧)every nerve竭尽全力 lose ones nerve 失去勇气 nervous adj.神经紧张的，不安的 concentration n.集中，专心周围这么多噪音，我几乎不能专心读书。I can
8、hardly concentrate on reading with all that noise around.作为一个翻译工作者，我必须非常集中精神地听和翻译 As a translator，I must listen and translate with great concentration.相关表达：concentrate v.集中记忆点拨：con（全部）centr（中心）ation（名词后缀）（全部在中心）concentration n.集中，专心集中，专心 concentrate v.专心concentrate on doing sth.集中精力做某事 他专心学英语。He con
9、centrated on learning English.suffer l vi.受痛苦；患病l在这段时间里，我妻子遭受了很大的痛苦。lDuring this time,my wife suffered terribly.lWhat is the patient suffering from?l这位患者得的是什么病？l vt.遭受（痛苦、损害等）l小镇在洪水中遭受了严重的损失。lThe village suffered serious damage from the floods.l在那个区，很多人都忍受着严寒和饥饿。lMany people are suffering cold and h
10、unger in that district.suffer v.受苦，受害；EE：to experience physical or mental pain to be in a very bad situation that makes things very difficult for you（受损失）suffer 与 suffer from的区别 suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等,suffer from指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。suffer the result/heavy losses/injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤 suffer from headache/ill
11、ness 遭受头痛/疾病的困扰 suffering stand(to be able to accept or deal well with a difficult situation=tolerate)指精神上坚毅，有决心：The pain was too intense to stand.痛苦强烈得无法承受。suffer(to experience physical or mental pain)侧重指顺从和克制 He suffered their insults in silence.tolerate(to be able to accept something unpleasant o
12、r difficult,even though you do not like it)主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意辨析:bear，endure(容忍），stand，suffer,tolerate（承认，忍受）bear(to bravely accept or deal with a painful,difficult,or upsetting situation=stand)广义的指容忍各种事情的能力 He cant bear people smoking while hes eating.endure(to be in a difficult or painfu
13、l situation for a long time without complaining)尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力There are limits to what the human body can endure.人体的忍耐力是有限的temper n.a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily n.脾气 当他看到室友正在用他的牙刷时他大发脾气。He lost his temper when he saw his roommate using his toothbrush.如果他不能学会控制他的脾气，他就会失去工作If he can n
14、ot learn how to control his temper,he will lost his job.lkeep ones temper 别发火 llose ones temper 发火 l因为生病，他总是发火。lSince his illness,he always loses his temper.l名词+ed 为形容词：lhot-tempered 脾气火爆 l好脾气的 lgood-tempered/even-temperedl坏脾气的 lbad-tempered/ill-tempered temperament n.气质，性格 a nervous temperament易紧张的
15、性格appetite n.胃口，食欲 lose/have/spoil/give appetite失去食欲，有食欲，破坏食欲，促进食欲have appetite for sth.有关于的食欲吃了太多冰激凌让我都没胃口了。Too much ice cream spoiled my appetite.游泳让我胃口大增。lSwimming gives me a great appetite.l我很想吃冰淇淋 lI have good appetite for the ice cream谚语:Appetite comes with eating.谚胃口越吃越大(贪得无厌)。A good appetite
16、 is a good sauce.谚饥不择食 lto ones taste 对某人的胃口l这本书我不喜欢。lThis book is not to my taste.produce v.to show,bring out,or offer something so it can be seen or considered v.拿拿出出；生产；生产The old man produced his passport to the officer with trembling hands.老人用颤抖的双手把护照拿给长官看。If you can not produce more evidence,yo
17、u will be sentenced to death.如果你不能拿出更多的证据你就会被判死刑。Grapes produced in this farm are mainly used to make wine.这个农场产出的葡萄主要用于造酒。相关表达：product n.产品，产物production n.生产 yield v.出产,生长urge v.力劝，怂恿 n.强烈欲望lurge sb.to do sth.怂恿某人做l我们劝他们留下来lWe urged them to stay.l我经催促才在契约上签字lI was urged to sign the contract.l我有强烈的想
18、吸烟的欲望lI felt a sudden urge to smoke.l相关表达：urgent ladj.急迫的，紧张的lsatisfaction n.满意，满足 l她从帮助别人的过程中得到很大的满足感。lShe got great satisfaction from helping others.l他看着他的画，露出满意的微笑。lHe looked at his painting with a smile of satisfaction.satisfy v.使满意 satisfactory adj.令人满意的 satisfied adj.感到满意的dissatisfaction n.不满
19、delighted adj.感到高兴的，欣喜的 ldelighted 突如其来的事情让人感到的开心 l我知道弗兰克见到你会很高兴的。lI know Frank will be delighted to see you.ldelight n.欣喜，高兴 ldelight+人 让某人高兴 lglad/happy/pleased 感到高兴的 lglad 是一种客套的话 lGlad to hear that.lhappy 是相对稳定的一种快乐 lHe is a happy man.lpleased 高兴的，含有很满足的概念 lIm very pleased with his work.pleasure
20、（the feeling of happiness,enjoyment,or satisfaction that you get from an experience）是常用词,指“以任何形式表现出的或默默的快乐与满足”。如:帮助你是我的快乐。Its my pleasure to help you.delight（a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction）语意比pleasure 强,指“极大的快乐”,尤指“以一种活泼的态度表现出来的快乐”,如:The child clapped his hands in delight.那孩子高兴得拍起手来。jo
21、y（great happiness and pleasure）指“高兴地表现出来的更强烈的快乐和愉快的情绪”,如:Success brought her great joy.成功给她带来极大的快乐。词义辨析：都含“快乐”、“愉快”意思的词语 pleasure delight joyText analysislAfter reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health.lAfter/before+doing=时间状语从句lan article entitled 题名为的文章l在英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母
22、均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品词除外。lAfter reading an article that was entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves.Light v.点燃 lighted adj.被点燃的 这是个点燃的香烟。This is a lighted cigarette.adj.平静的,镇静的 After the storm it was calm.n.宁静；平静 Her calm impressed me.v.使平静 The nurse calmed the l
23、ittle boy by giving him some candies.lI smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette.with 短语短语with+名词名词/代词，在句子中作定语或状语。代词，在句子中作定语或状语。Eg.The hamburger with meat,eggs and vegetables costs$5.Try Eric/a book in hand/stand there.The book/colorful cover/be mine.
24、1.She often helps her mother _ housework.2.The mountain top is covered _ snow.3.We are busy _ our homework.4.My mom is very strict _ me.5.They all agree _ me.6.We are very pleased _ his work.7.Lets walk faster to keep up _ him.8.I made friend _ Jane last summer.9.We get on well _ each other.10.I lik
25、e to play _ snow.For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time,my wife suffered terribly.表原因的连词：because，as，since，for at all 根本不，用于否定句中加强语气 我完全不同意你的看法。I dont agree with you at all 完全没有什么可担心的。There was nothing to worry about at all.lI had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smok
26、ing:a bad temper and an enormous appetite.They jumped and cheered,tears running down their faces.The old man sat in his chair,his eyes closed.She hurried into the classroom,books in hand.独立主格结构还有一种形式，即用介词with或without来引导。Eric/a book in hand/stand there.Eric is standing there with a book in hand.Eric
27、is standing there,a book in hand.give up 放弃，停止做某事放弃，停止做某事 她意识到她错了，便停止了争论。她意识到她错了，便停止了争论。She realized she was wrong and gave up the argument He has given up smoking.He gave up teaching only two years ago.He has given up his job.I will not give up learning.Enormous 巨大的巨大的 give up doing sth 放弃做某事 关于giv
28、e的短语 give off 放出，释放 give back 归还 give way 让路，让步 give away 分发，泄露 give in 投降，屈服 give rise to 引起，使发生 give sb a hand a call a chance a message 1.“名词/代词+不定式”结构 2.“名词/代词+现在分词”结构 3.“名词/代词+过去分词”结构独立主格(非谓语动词独立主格)尚未发生的动作同时发生的动作被动、已经发生的动作1.Darkness _ in,the young people strolled on the streets.A.set B.setting
29、C.has set D.was set2.A new technique _,the production increased by 20 percent.A.to have been worked out B.having worked out C.working out D.having been worked out3.There are various kinds of metals,each _ its own properties.A.has B.had C.to have D.having 4._,Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
30、A.Time permits B.If time permitting C.Time permitting D.Times permittingExercise 1._,we all went home happily.A.Goodbye was said B.Goodbye had been said C.Goodbye said D.When goodbye said 2.She stood there,_ from her cheeks.A.tears rolling down B.tears rolled down C.with tears rolled down D.tears ro
31、lling down 3.The airplane kept _ flying at a high altitude.4.Draw the curtain to keep the sun _.5.She had to run to keep _ them.6.Keep _ the furnace.7.The doctor kept me _ for a week.8.Will the fine weather keep _?9.Keep the strangers _.on offup with away from inupoutlMy friends kept on offering me
32、cigarettes and cigars.lkeep on doing sth.l=continue doing sth.持续不断的做 l他一直说个不停。lHe kept on talking all the timel这个孩子正在大声的哭，但是仍然在看电视。lThe child was crying loudly,but he kept on watching TV.lcigar n.雪茄 loffer sb.sth.给某人某物 l我们提供他一个更好的职位lWe offered him a better position.They made no effort to hide their
33、amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.make every effort 尽全力，尽一切努力 He made every effort to get/at getting the job.make no effort 根本不作努力，毫不费力 make no effort to persuade him She wrote the letter with/without effort.她费力/毫不费力地写了那封信。make effort+to do sth.努力做 no matter when=whenev
34、er 无论何时 no matter who=whoever 无论是谁 no matter where=wherever 无论在哪里 no matter how 无论怎样lAfter seven days of this I went to a party.Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable.lWhen my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette,it was more than I could bear.lmore than I could
35、 bear=I couldnt bear lmore than后面跟一个从句或一个形容词时可以表示“超出，非常”（多用于口语）：l他对他的新房间非常满意。lHe was more than pleased with his new room.l这超出了我的意料。lThis was more than I had expected.lI took one guiltily,lit it and smoked with satisfaction.My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more.lonce more
36、 再次，再度l他再次提出这个问题。lHe asked the question once morel他说他将再试一次。lHe said he would try once morelAnyway,as Brian pointed out,it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.He himself has done it lots of times!lanyway 不管如何 l无论如何我要立刻回家lI will go home at once anyway.l无论如何，谢谢你lThank you anyway.l非限制性
37、定语从句lAs we know,smoking is not good to health.lAs I said,I will bring you some nice music.point out 指出，指明 为什么你那个时候不把他的错误指出来呢？Why didnt you point out his mistake to him at that time?我说明了这计划的优点。I pointed out the advantages of the plan与与 keep 有关的短语动词有关的短语动词 keep on+doing sth.反复，持续 My friends kept on of
38、fering me cigarettes.He kept on saying that he was tired.他不断地说他累了。keep off 不靠近，从离开 Keep off the flower bed.请勿进入花坛。Keep your hands off the food.别动吃的东西。keep away from （使）不靠近，避开 Why do you always keep away from me?你为什么总躲着我？Keep the children away from the river.别让孩子们去河边。keep it up 不松劲，保持成绩，继续下去 Youve ma
39、de much progress.Keep it up!你已取得了很大进步。继续努力！If you keep it up,youll be able to set up a new world record.你如果保持下去不松劲，你就能创一项新的世界纪录。keep up with 跟上，不落在后面 Although he walked as fast as he could,he still couldnt keep up with his father.虽然他尽快走，但他仍跟不上他父亲。In order to keep up with his classmates,he worked har
40、der than ever.为了跟上同学，他比以往任何时候都更努力。keep out （使）留在外面，（使）不进入 He shut all the doors and windows to keep out the wind.为了挡风，他关上了所有的门窗。16,000-volt power line.Keep out!16,000 伏高压线，不可靠近！keep in （把）留在里面关在屋里，不出外 Its very cold today.Wed better keep in.今天很冷。我们最好别出去。When the dog was kept in,it barked loudly.那条狗被关在屋里时狂吠不止。discussionDebate Group1:The government should make some rules on non-smoking.Group2:Smoking is every ones right,and the government shouldnt forbid it.
